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Topic: Mohammed Zahir Shah

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	Mohammed Zahir Shah - Independent Online Edition > Obituaries
		When Zahir Shah ended his long exile, landing at Kabul airport to crowds of well-wishers in June 2002, he was 87 years old, a frail man in poor health.
		Zahir Shah did open the loya jirga and to thunderous applause, but Afghans watching on television failed to hear what he had to say.
		Zahir Shah occasionally conducted ceremonial duties, but he was basically a private citizen.
	news.independent.co.uk /people/obituaries/article2795654.ece (1299 words)

	Mohammed Zahir Shah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mohammed Zahir Shah (born October 16, 1914) was the last King of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973.
		Shah was born into a family of Pashtuns (of the Durrani Popalzay clan) Afghanistan's largest ethnic group, he was also educated in the culture of Afghanistan's Darizobans, giving him access to both groups.
		His cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a coup d'état in 1973, and established a republican government while Mohammed Zahir Shah was in Italy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mohammed_Zahir_Shah (469 words)

	BookRags: Muhammad Zahir Shah Biography
		Muhammad Zahir Shah (born 1914), last in the 226-year dynasty of Pashtun monarchs to rule Afghanistan, emerged in the fall of 2001 as a symbol of unity for his country as its hard-line Taliban rulers were dislodged from power.
		The son of King Nadir Shah of Afghanistan, Muhammad Zahir Shah was born on October 15, 1914, in the capital city of Kabul.
		Zahir Shah remained a potent symbol for those desiring the restoration of the monarchy, however, and in 1991 was stabbed three times by an unknown assailant in a suspected political assassination attempt.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/muhammad-zahir-shah (1756 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zahir Shah came to the throne at the age of 19, after the assassination of his father in November 1933, having previously served as a Cabinet minister.
		For a number of years Zahir Shah remained in the background while his uncle Shah Mahmood Khan ran the government, but he asserted his power through the constitution of 1964, which established a constitutional monarchy and prohibited royal relatives from holding public office.
		Zahir Shah undertook a number of economic-development projects, including irrigation and highway construction, backed by foreign aid, largely from the United States and the Soviet Union.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Personalities.MohammadZahirShah.shtm (243 words)

	Mohammed Zahir Shah News - The New York Times
		For the last five years of his life Mohammad Zahir Shah served as a fragile symbol of unity for the country he ruled for four decades.
		The former Afghan king, Mohammad Zahir Shah, said that he would accept a nomination to become head of state at a grand assembly, or loya jirga, planned for next month.
		Mohammad Zahir Shah, Afghanistan’s former king, died on Monday at 92.
	topics.nytimes.com /top/reference/timestopics/people/z/mohammed_zahir_shah/index.html (985 words)

	USATODAY.com - Power and politics shaping Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ahmed Shah Massood, a longtime commander in the 1979-1989 war against Soviet occupation and a legendary guerrilla leader in the fight against the Taliban, was killed by assassins Sept. 9, two days before the terrorist attacks on the United States.
		Mohammed Zahir Shah was the last monarch of the ethnic Pashtun dynasty, which lasted 200 years.
		Zahir Shah has said he is "ready willing and able" to return to Afghanistan and lead an interim government.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/afghanplayers.htm (1145 words)

	Former Afghan king returns to Kabul today - theage.com.au
		Zahir Shah is well aware of the dangers that come with his position.
		The rule of his cousin Mohammed Daoud, who deposed Zahir Shah in 1973, came to a bloody end five years later when he was killed along with his family by pro-Marxist elements within the army who staged a coup.
		While in Italy, Zahir Shah was lucky to survive a mysterious assassination attempt in 1991 by a Portuguese man posing as a journalist.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2002/04/18/1019020675760.html (512 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Afghanistan's exiled former king, Mohammed Zahir Shah, has recently emerged from obscurity as a possible uniting figure for his country, should the Taliban be deposed.
		Zahir watched from afar as his country struggled under Soviet occupation from 1979 to 1989 and then descended into anarchy and eventual Taliban domination.
		Mohammed Zahir Shah ascended to the throne in 1933 and ruled Afghanistan for 40 years.
	www.rferl.org /features/2001/10/01102001121551.asp (1106 words)

	James S. Robbins in war on National Review Online
		Mohammed Zahir Shah, former King of Afghanistan, in exile in Rome, has offered to preside over a Loya Jirgha, a traditional gathering of tribal and religious leaders, to set up a post-Taliban Afghan government, and serve as interim leader until parliamentary elections can be held.
		Zahir Shah faced opposition from both religious and secular radicals, but they were not as influential as they would later become, and most Afghans supported him.
		Zahir Shah is the only man who can give Afghanistan this opportunity for peace — and it would be up to the Afghans to take it.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-robbins100101.shtml (1074 words)

	Worldandnation: King hopes to bring peace home
		It has been Zahir Shah's home since he was overthrown in a coup led by a cousin in the summer of 1973, but his aides say the former king has always seen it as temporary, until he could return to his homeland.
		Zahir Shah's long-awaited return to Kabul is drawing near, and when he arrives he will play what will probably be his last hand in trying to bring peace by a country torn by war for more than two decades.
		When Zahir Shah finally leaves his Roman villa to return to Afghanistan, it will at first be to a special house built for him outside Kabul.
	www.sptimes.com /2002/03/21/news_pf/Worldandnation/King_hopes_to_bring_p.shtml (939 words)

	Zahir Shah must tread carefully to capitalise on second chance - smh.com.au
		But Zahir Shah's political role is likely to go beyond the symbolic, giving him an opportunity to address the missed opportunities of his earlier reign and assist Afghans to move down the path of democratic change and stability.
		His overthrow by Mohammed Daoud, in 1973, which opened the way for the eventual bloody but successful coup of April 1978 by a cluster of pro-Soviet communists, left many Afghans longing for the peace and national cohesion that Zahir Shah's period had produced.
		It is widely argued that the Zahir Shah-Daoud rivalry, together with the monarch personally vacillating too often between what was required to preserve his own powers as a ruling monarch and what was needed to put Afghanistan on a stable path of democratic change and development, laid the foundations for much of Afghanistan's subsequent troubles.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2002/04/16/1018333501005.html (663 words)

	Mohammed Zahir Shah - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Shah was born into a family of Pashtuns (of the Durrani Popalzay clan) Afghanistan's largest ethnic group, he was also educated in the elite culture of Afghanistan's Persians, giving him access to both groups.
		His cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a coup d'état in 1973, and established a republican government while Mohammed Zahir Shah was abroad.
		Following this coup, Zahir Shah abdicated in August and lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Zahir_Shah (482 words)

	King Zahire of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In September 1963, then King Mohammad Zahir Shah paid a state visit to the United States where he was welcomed by President John F. Kennedy.
		At a White House State dinner that evening, King Zahir observed that the social and political aspirations of the Afghan people were akin to those which had inspired hosts of immigrants to the United States.
		Zahir Shah abdicated in August 1973 and has since lived in Italy.
	www.cs.umb.edu /~rwhealan/jfk/pr_afghanistan.html (367 words)

	Nadir Shah - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		NADIR SHAH [Nadir Shah] or Nader Shah, 1688-1747, shah of Iran (1736-47), sometimes considered the last of the great Asian conquerors.
		He then entered the service of Tahmasp, the son of Shah Sultan Husayn, who was asserting his claims against the Afghans under Mahmud, who had usurped the Persian throne.
		Fazelullah Youssef Zai, 47, caretaker of the Mausoleum of King Nadir Shah, stands next to the recently repaired tomb of the former King of Afghanistan.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/N/NadirSha.asp (523 words)

	FT.com - Special Reports / Afghanistan's future
		Since being ousted in a coup in 1973, Zahir Shah has been living in the suburbs of the Italian capital, waiting for a chance to return to the country he ruled for 40 years.
		Born in 1914 and educated in Paris and Kabul, Zahir Shah, who is fluent in French, Italian, English and Pashto, became king shortly after the assassination of his father in 1933.
		Zahir Shah's popularity is largely based on the fact the Durranis are from the Pashtun ethnic group, based in the south of the country and comprising the majority of Afgh an nationals.
	specials.ft.com /afghanfuture/FT3JXJ4M8YC.html (863 words)

	TruthNews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zahir Shah's representatives and the alliance issued a joint statement today in Rome, saying they will convene a traditional grand council of Afghan leaders to appoint a Loya Jirga, or grand assembly, of tribal and ethnic leaders to elect a head of state and transitional government.
		A representative of the former shah told AFP that a council would meet in Rome in about two weeks to appoint delegates to the assembly.
		Western diplomats and many Afghans say that Zahir Shah, who has lived in Italy in exile since 1973, is the only figure with the authority to assemble a broad anti-Taliban front.
	www.truthnews.net /world/2001_10_afgan_king_unites.html (221 words)

	Iran News - Afghanistan does not need "fossil" of ex-king: Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zahir Shah returned to his homeland on Thursday after 29 years in exile to assume a new role as the father figure of the much traumatised nation.
		In an editorial, Kayhan International referred to Zahir Shah as a "frail 87-year-old man in poor health" who is "not familiar with Afghanistan today or the Afghans who drove out the Soviets and are averse to the American occupation of their country.
		His aides earlier said Zahir Shah's return posed no threat to neighbouring Iran, which has been accused by the United States of trying to destabilise the Karzai administration.
	www.iranmania.com /news/ArticleView/Default.asp?NewsCode=9805&NewsKind=CurrentAffairs&ArchiveNews=Yes (462 words)

	CNN.com - Pakistan asks ex-Afghan king to assist talks - October 4, 2001
		Mohammed Zahir Shah, pictured here greeting Afghan opposition leaders, says he is willing to return to Afghanistan.
		Zahir Shah's grandson said the exiled monarch would not want to return to Afghanistan to rule the country or serve as king, just to be a "symbolic figure" to unite Afghans.
		In the past, Sattar said, "those who intervened in Afghanistan and tried to plot their own preferred leaders on Afghanistan paid a very high price for that blunder." Shah has been in exile in Rome since his ouster in 1973 in a coup that took place when the monarch was out of the country.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/10/04/ret.afghan.king/index.html (547 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - World
		Zahir Shah (87), stepped off an Italian military plane followed by interim Cabinet Chairman Hamid Karzai and was greeted by senior tribal elders and ministers at Kabul’s bomb-scarred international airport.
		Hours before he left Rome Zahir Shah told CNN in an interview that the last few years of his life, he would like to dedicate that to the people of Afghanistan and to his country.
		Zahir Shah’s only official duty now is to open a Loya Jirga, or grand council, in June to chart a new future for Afghanistan.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2002/20020419/world.htm (2853 words)

	Coming Home - NW-0402WTCEXC - MSNBC.com
		After 29 years of exile in Rome, Afghanistan’s former king, Mohammed Zahir Shah, 87, returned as an ordinary citizen to the country he once ruled as a monarch.
		They broke out in spontaneous applause as Zahir Shah, accompanied by Afghan interim leader Hamid Karzai, slowly waded past a group of women and children in sparkling native costumes.
		“If Zahir Shah returns to Afghanistan with the intention of being a king, he is making a big mistake,” Defense Minister Mohammed Fahim, a Tajik who missed the king’s arrival because of a trip to France, said in a recent speech.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/3067222/site/newsweek (646 words)

	St. Petersburg Times: King hopes to bring peace home
		Zahir Shah's long-awaited return to Kabul is drawing near, and
		Zahir Shah has no designs on returning to the throne he held for 40 years.
		Zahir Shah is 87, and his health is a natural concern, but aides say security is a much bigger worry.
	www.ericjlyman.com /stpetetimesking.html (809 words)

	The United States and the Afghan Loya Jirga
		Zahir Shah would present a minor challenge to U.S. dominance in Afghanistan, but a challenge nonetheless.
		After the September 11, 2001 attacks on the U.S., Zahir Shah, in exile in Rome, began meeting with members of the Northern Alliance opposition to the Taliban.
		After the floodgates were opened it was impossible to allow the delegates, many of who had a strong human rights agenda and were intent on weakening the warlords, to either vote or speak their minds freely and fairly.
	www.zmag.org /ZMag/articles/sep02ingalls.html (2087 words)

	Mohammed Zahir Shah - Personen - Terror - Wissen - Discovery Channel
		Nachdem Zahir Shah von seinem Neffen Mohammed Daud 1972 gestürzt worden war, ging er ins Exil nach Rom.
		Pakistan steht einer Rückkehr Zahir Shah skeptisch gegenüber.
		In seiner Radioansprache nannte Shah die Taliban „vom Ausland aufgezwungene Terroristen“ und meinte damit Pakistan.
	www.discovery.de /terror/personen/mohammed_zahir_shah/index.shtml (321 words)

	The Once and Future King?
		Those discussions of the "Zahir Shah option" never went far, in part because of the opposition of religious fundamentalists and Islamists who had chafed under modernization reforms that took place during the king's reign.
		Zahir has already forged an arrangement with the Northern Alliance, so he and his representatives may in fact be able to assemble a broad coalition.
		One factor that has kept the "Zahir Shah option" alive over the years is the king's popularity among refugees, especially political moderates and the exiled elite.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB59 (2297 words)

	KING ZAHIR SHAH - AFGHANISTAN'S MODERN GOLDEN AGE
		Zahir Shah now lives in Rome, Italy and he is relatively in a good health.
		Reports are circulating that King Zahir Shah is a likely candidate to take over the governmental positions in replacement of the current ruling fanatical governing body, the Taliban.
		History: Zahir Shah was nineteen at the time of his accession (1933) - still very young to assume control of so turbulent a country.
	www.rumormillnews.com /cgi-bin/archive.cgi?noframes;read=13714 (813 words)

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