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Topic: Molar concentration

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	The Molar Concentration
		Often the object of a determination is to measure the molar concentration of a solution.
		The molar concentration of a substance X in solution is defined as the amount of X dissolved per unit volume of solution.
		Either the concentration of B is known or it is not.
	www.emporia.edu /chemist/davies/third.htm (2870 words)

	Concentration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Often in informal or non-technical language, concentration is descibed in a qualitative way, through the use of adjectives such as "dilute" or "weak" for solutions of relatively low concentration and of others like "concentrated" or "strong" for solutions of relatively high concentration.
		The difference between formal and molar concentrations is that the formal concentration indicates moles of the original chemical formula in solution, without regard for the species that actually exist in solution.
		This works fine for gas concentrations (e.g., ppmv of carbon dioxide in the ambient air) but, for concentrations of non-gaseous substances such as aerosols, cloud droplets, and particulate matter in the ambient air, the concentrations are commonly expressed as μg/m³ or mg/m³ (e.g., μg or mg of particulates per cubic metre of ambient air).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Concentration (1944 words)

	Introductory University Chemistry I. Henry's Law and the Solubility of Gases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Concentration of solutions was taken up as part of molar stoichiometry in earlier sectionsof introductory university chemistry.
		Molar concentration will be indicated by c, with the solute in parenthesis following the symbol, or by placing the solute molecule or ion symbol in square brackets.
		In this form p is the partial pressure of the gas, c is its molar concentration, and k'c is the Henry's law constant on the molar concentration scale.
	dwb.unl.edu /Teacher/NSF/C09/C09Links/www.chem.ualberta.ca/courses/plambeck/p101/p01182.htm (978 words)

	General Chemistry Online: Glossary:
		Mass percentages express the concentration of a component in a mixture or an element in a compound.
		Molar absorptivities are sometimes written as absorption cross sections by expressing the concentration in units of mol/cm
		Concentration of a substance in a mixture measured as moles of the substance per mole of mixture.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/glossary/m.shtml (1485 words)

	pH as a Measure of Acid and Base Properties
		The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity of the solution.
		The usual range of pH values encountered is between 0 and 14, with 0 being the value for concentrated hydrochloric acid (1 M HCl), 7 the value for pure water (neutral pH), and 14 being the value for concentrated sodium hydroxide (1 M NaOH).
		If the ion concentrations are different from 1 M, then there is a change in the cell potential described by the Nernst equation.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/chemical/ph.html (895 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		If the screening technique detects the presence of amines, the patient should be seen by a physician or at a clinic to have a microbial culture of her vaginal fluid grown out to determine the exact source of the amine-producing organism in order for a physician to prescribe an appropriate treatment plan.
		Generally, the developer reagent is used in an amount such that the concentration of the developer reagent present in a reaction medium formed by combining the sample of fluid, the developer reagent, the water soluble base, and the halogen-containing oxidizing agent (and prior to any reaction) is at least about 0.
		While the concentration of the halogen-containing oxidizing agent in the reaction medium can be as high as the solubility limit of the halogen-containing oxidizing agent in the reaction medium, on a practical basis the halogen-containing oxidizing agent in the reaction medium is commonly less than about 1 times the
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/59148.010816&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4351 words)

	AT1- Osmosis In Potatoes
		The reason for the minus results for 1 molar concentration is that the solution has a lower concentration of water to that of the potato, and so, by osmosis water moves from the potato to the solution, causing the weight to decrease.
		This means, that as the concentration of glucose increases in a solution, the concentration of water decreases, lessening the solution’s water potential, and lessening its ability to move between solutions by osmosis.
		Relating this to the potato chips: basically, as the concentration of glucose in each solution increases, the water in that solution is less able to move to the potato, causing water from the potato to move to the solution, decreasing its length, weight and width.
	www.courseworkhelp.co.uk /GCSE/Science/17.htm (1941 words)

	Chemical Sciences. Solubility of Ionic Salts: The Common Ion Effect
		The concentrations of ions in solution are affected by all equilibria and all species present in the solution.
		In this case twice the molar solubility is equal to [Ag It is important to note the additional source of chromate, which to a very good approximation will establish the actual molar concentration of chromate as 0.1.
		Thus if these concentrations are altered, as by addition of reagents, removal of material, addition of water, or by other chemical reactions or equilibria, solid material may come out of solution, or precipitate from solution, or on the other hand solid material may dissolve, or go into solution.
	www.psigate.ac.uk /newsite/reference/plambeck/chem2/p01192.htm (993 words)

	Molar concentration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Molar concentration is a measure of the concentration of a solution.
		It is defined as moles of solute per liter of solvent, and has units of mol dm
		Experiment to determine the molar concentration of vinegar by titration
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Molar_concentration (138 words)

	extinction.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Preparing solutions of known concentrations is not difficult when you have a solid compound with a known formula weight.
		Perhaps the most common method is to use the molar absorptivity of a compound to determine its concentration.
		You measure the absorbance of a solution containing an unknown concentration of X and determine it to be 0.55 AU (absorbance units).
	www.csuchico.edu /~jmahoney/BIOL202/extinction.html (582 words)

	UV Absorbance
		The ordinate of the chromatogram represents the detector signal, which in general, is proportional to the analyte concentration in the cell.
		) - also called the molar extinction coefficient - corresponds to the absorbance for a molar concentration of the substance with a path length of 1 cm.
		Molar adsorptivity is dependent on the wavelength and chromatographic conditions, (solvent, pH and temperature).
	hplc.chem.shu.edu /NEW/HPLC_Book/Detectors/det_uvab.html (257 words)

	Molar Concentration
		From the moles and volume of acid, the molar concentration is determined.
		Suppose that for a class of 30 students: 1, two solutions of different concentration were used, and 2, that each half of the class received one of the solutions.
		Multiply the mass of concentrated HCl added by the percent by mass composition from the label to determine the mass of HCl in the beaker.
	chemmovies.unl.edu /chemistry/dochem/DoChem060c.html (1177 words)

	How To Find Molar Concentration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		molarity - concentration measured by the number of moles of solute per liter of solventmolar concentration, Mconcentration - the strength of a...
		The molarity (M) or molar concentration is the amount of solute, in...
		In this experiment, we found the molar absorptivity for the ferroin complex at510nm to be on average...
	www.best-in-dental-care.com /OPG/how-to-find-molar-concentration.html (753 words)

	Chemical Sciences: Effect of Diverse Ions on Solubility
		The approximation of activity by molar concentration is the approximation that the activity coefficient of the solute species is exactly one.
		For ions whose charge is greater than one, the deviation is larger for the same concentration of salt because the greater electrostatic forces of the multiply-charged ions have a greater effect both upon the structure of water and upon each other.
		Addition of 0.01 molar sodium nitrate increases the molar solubility from 0.013 mmol/dm3 to 0.015 mmol/litre while addition of 0.01 molar sodium chloride reduces the molar solubility to 0.000018 mmol/litre.
	www.psigate.ac.uk /newsite/reference/plambeck/chem2/p01193.htm (1131 words)

	Chemical Sciences. Henry's Law and the Solubility of Gases
		The concentrations used in this section will all be molar concentrations, because in homogeneous solutions active mass is the ratio of amount of substance to unit volume.
		Henry's law is found to be an accurate description of the behavior of gases dissolving in liquids when concentrations and partial pressures are reasonably low.
		We can estimate the amount of nitrogen that a diver must lose from his bloodstream (about 5 litres) in rising from a depth of 100 m to the surface in order to avoid formation of nitrogen bubbles in his bloodstream, a painful and often fatal condition known as "the bends", as follows.
	www.psigate.ac.uk /newsite/reference/plambeck/chem2/p01182.htm (1023 words)

	Physiology Cell Permeability Lab
		From a thermodynamic standpoint, an osmole is a measure of effective solute concentration and is dependent on the number of active particles and not on the kind of particles.
		If a cell is placed in a solution that has relatively the same concentration of water as that of the cell, the diffusion of water into the cell will be equivalent to the diffusion of water out of the cell and the cell size will not change.
		The values that you obtain reflect the relative osmotic activities generated by the particular molar concentration of the various electrolytes and non-electrolytes as well as the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane to each solute.
	facstaff.elon.edu /shouse/physiology/cellperm.html (2302 words)

	Beer's Law
		Here, b is the pathlength, c the molar concentration of the absorbing species, and a is the absorptivity or extinction coefficient.
		concentration has been generated, the value of the extinction coefficient can be obtained from the slope of the line, if the pathlength is known.
		This use of spectroscopic measurements to determine unknown concentrations is one of the most important ones in the field of chemical analysis.
	www.wellesley.edu /Chemistry/chem120/beerslaw.html (398 words)

	BIO 140 -- Learn More About It
		Concentration is a measure of the amount of material (solute) that is dissolved in a specified amount of solution.
		Molar concentration can be defined as moles of solute per liter of solution.
		The hydrogen ion concentration and the hydroxide ion concentration for water are equal.
	oit.vgcc.cc.nc.us /bio140/moreinfo.htm (4095 words)

	Blue Background Template
		When a pure salt is dissolved the molar concentration of each ion is fixed by the molar solubility of the salt times the stoichiometry of that ion (the number of times it occurs in the neutral salt).
		It is often necessary to determine the residual ion concentration and the percent of that ion removed from solution as a result of the precipitating ion.
		Likewise the concentration of an anion (less commonly a cation) which is a weak conjugate base (less commonly a weak conjugate acid) will be strongly affected by the pH because if the pH is low enough it will form its conjugate acid and will be removed from the solubility equilibria.
	web.utk.edu /~adcock00/p&hch16.htm (1161 words)

	Molarity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		One of the most commonly used concentration units among chemists is the Molarity concentration term.
		Molarity is defined as the moles of solute divided by the volume of the solution in liter units.
		A shortened term for this concentration term is the word "molar".
	members.aol.com /profchm/molarity.html (281 words)

	unit02-sect02-les01-lessona (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The molar concentration of the hydronium ion is 0.150 M. Sample Exercise 2
		M. When the volume of a solution and the mass of solute is known for an ionic hydroxide, it is possible to calculate the molar concentration of the solution and the hydroxide ion.
		Use the given mass and molar mass to calculate the number of moles of solute, then calculate the molar concentration using the mole amount and the solution volume.
	www.cdli.ca /courses/chem3202/unit02/section02/lesson01/3-lesson-a.htm (724 words)

	Determining Molar Mass
		Determine the molar mass from the mass of the unknown and the number of moles of unknown.
		Determine the molar concentration of the unknown in the solution from the observed osmotic pressure.
		Determine the moles of unknown (the solute) from the molarity of the solution and the volume (in liters) of the solution.
	www.chem.purdue.edu /gchelp/howtosolveit/Solutions/determinemolarmass.html (244 words)

	Optical Absorption of Indocyanine Green (ICG)
		where e (liters/mole-cm) and is called the molar extinction coefficient of the solute at the wavelength of measurement, c (moles/liter) is the molarity of the solute, and d (cm) is the optical path length.
		A plot of the OMLC measured molar extinction coefficient of ICG in water at 0.01mM and 1mM concentrations.
		A plot of the OMLC measured molar extinction coefficient of ICG in 22.5% albumin at 0.01mM and 1mM ICG concentrations.
	omlc.ogi.edu /spectra/icg (780 words)

	Sedimentation Equilibrium - Models:
		is the molar concentration of the monomer at the arbitrary reference distance r
		Internally, the program uses molar concentrations, and the weight concentrations are derived from molar concentration by w(r) = MC(r).
		Where [M'] refers to the molar concentration of the incompetent monomer and [O] refers to the molar concentration of the oligomer of degree N. The fitting function used for this model is
	www.biotech.uconn.edu /auf/ha-help/hs15.htm (562 words)

	formulae_mod
		To accomplish this balancing, the molar concentration of the sensitizer solution is calculated from the percent value of the solution and the molar mass (formula weight) of the material.
		From the molar mass of the MDS is calculated the molar concentration, and then the percent of the MDS solution.
		Higher concentrations of FO may be mixed with the addition of EDTA to the solution as has been suggested by John Melanson and Richard Sullivan.
	home.att.net /~jeffrey.d.mathias/guidep/formulae_mod.htm (933 words)

	[No title]
		The corresponding molar extinction coefficients are 35550 (360 L/mol-cm and 32840 (450 L/mol-cm for the oxy peaks and 35310 (150 L/mol-cm for the deoxy peak.
		We are to determine the molar extinction coefficient as a function of lambda from 350 to 600 nm, the visible spectrum.
		Its concentration was measured by measurement of the mass of the dried solid and was found to be 13.298 mg/mL with a standard deviation of (0.126 mg/mL.
	www.seas.upenn.edu /courses/belab/LabProjects/2000/be210s00w5.doc (3073 words)

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