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Topic: Molecular

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Central dogma of molecular biology

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	Molecular biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level.
		Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of the genetic material.
		Molecular biology was established in the 1930s, the term was first coined by Warren Weaver in 1938 however.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Molecular_biology (1612 words)

	Molecule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Molecular chemistry deals with the laws governing the interaction between molecules that results in the formation and breakage of chemical bonds, while molecular physics deals with the laws governing their structure and properties.
		A peculiar use of the term molecular is as a synonym to covalent, which arises from the fact that, unlike molecular covalent compounds, ionic compounds do not yield well-defined smallest particles that would be consistent with the definition above.
		Molecular spectroscopy deals with the response (spectrum) of molecules interacting with probing signals of known energy (or frequency, according to Planck's formula).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Molecule (812 words)

	CDC - Molecular Approaches to Diagnosing and Managing Infectious Diseases: Practicality and Costs
		Molecular typing methods have allowed investigators to study the relationship between colonizing and infecting isolates in individual patients, distinguish contaminating from infecting strains, document nosocomial transmission in hospitalized patients, evaluate reinfection versus relapse in patients being treated for an infection, and follow the spread of antimicrobial-drug resistant strains within and between hospitals over time (12).
		Molecular strain typing of microorganisms is now well recognized as an essential component of a comprehensive infection control program that also involves the infection control department, the infectious disease division, and pharmacy (10, 21).
		Molecular techniques for establishing presence or absence of clonality are effective in tracking the spread of nosocomial infections and streamlining the activities of the infection control program (21,23).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol7no2/pfaller.htm (4140 words)

	RFA-RM-04-021: INNOVATION IN MOLECULAR IMAGING PROBES
		Molecular imaging is an emerging research area aimed at extending existing or novel methods to image specific molecular pathways in vivo, particularly those that are key targets in disease processes.
		Molecular imaging approaches are not used to their full potential in humans, either in research or clinical environments.
		Scope of Research Contrast in molecular imaging is generated or enhanced by molecular probes—reagents that are targeted to specific intracellular or extracellular molecules and either produce or alter signals that are detected by imaging devices.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-RM-04-021.html (3593 words)

	Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals : News
		Molecular Insight's initial target market for Zemiva™ is for the diagnosis of cardiac ischemia in the emergency department setting, where an estimated five to eight million patients in the United States present each year with chest pain.
		Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals is focused on becoming a leader in the rapidly emerging field of molecular medicine through the development and commercialization of innovative pharmaceuticals that utilize highly specific targeting technologies designed to meaningfully improve patient diagnosis, treatment and management.
		Molecular Insight is developing BMIPP, a molecular imaging pharmaceutical, for the detection of cardiac ischemia, initially for use in triaging emergency room patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome.
	www.molecularinsight.com /news.htm (6573 words)

	Molecular Mechanics
		The "mechanical" molecular model was developed out of a need to describe molecular structures and properties in as practical a manner as possible.
		The object of molecular mechanics is to predict the energy associated with a given conformation of a molecule.
		The torsion energy in molecular mechanics is primarily used to correct the remaining energy terms rather than to represent a physical process.
	cmm.info.nih.gov /modeling/guide_documents/molecular_mechanics_document.html (1070 words)

	Molecular Electronics
		For example, natural photosynthetic reaction centers are photovoltaic devices of molecular dimensions, and the principles dictating the operation of reaction centers may be useful in the design of synthetic optoelectronic switches.
		In this project, several classes of molecular photovoltaic species are being synthesized and studied.
		Once functional molecular photovoltaics, logic gates, or other elements have been prepared, ways must be developed for interfacing these with electronic circuits.
	porphy.la.asu.edu /photosyn/faculty/gust/molecular_electronics.htm (522 words)

	Molecular Weight
		Of the key parameters influencing the physical properties of polymers, the molecular weight distribution usually is the dominant factor, often influencing the other parameters.
		The molecular weight of a particular polymer molecule is a product of the degree of polymerization and the molecular weight of the repeating unit.
		Molecular weight measurements that depend on the contributions of molecules according to their sizes give weight-average molecular weights.
	www.lasalle.edu /academ/chem/ms/polymersRus/Resources/MolecWt.htm (1192 words)

	Invitrogen - Molecular Probes - Introduction to Fluorescence Techniques
		Molecular Probes' DQ substrates (Section 10.4) are heavily labeled and therefore highly quenched biopolymers that exhibit dramatic fluorescence enhancement upon enzymatic cleavage
		Molecular Probes' ultrasensitive SYBR Green, SYBR Gold, SYTO, PicoGreen, RiboGreen and OliGreen nucleic acid stains (Chapter 8) are prime examples of this strategy.
		Molecular Probes' BODIPY FL fluorophore and the Alexa Fluor 488 dye, both of which lack protolytically ionizable substituents, provide spectrally equivalent alternatives to fluorescein for applications requiring a pH-insensitive probe (Section 1.3, Section 1.4).
	probes.invitrogen.com /handbook/sections/0001.html (4158 words)

	DrexlerNanotechnology81PNAS
		To deny the feasibility of advanced molecular machinery, one must apparently maintain either (i) that design of proteins will remain infeasible indefinitely, or (ii) that complex machines cannot be made of proteins, or (iii) that protein machines cannot build second-generation machines.
		Although the existence of molecular machinery in cells indicates the feasibility of some sort of artificial molecular machinery, errors in assembly might limit the synthesis of structures of great complexity.
		Molecular devices can interact directly with the ultimate molecular components of the cell and thus serve as probes of unique value in studying processes within the cell.
	www.imm.org /PNAS.html (4296 words)

	MITRE - MITRE Nanosystems Group - Molecular-Scale Electronics and Molecular Quantum Dots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Molecular quantum dots are one example of the next-generation technology known as molecular-scale electronics.
		In another example, Professor James Tour of the University of South Carolina and Professor Mark Reed of Rale University are collaborating on the chemical synthesis and testing of molecular wires.
		molecular quantum-effect device that would function in a fashion similar to solid-state resonance tunneling devices (RTDs) that already have been fabricated, tested, and applied in prototype quantum-effect logic.
	www.mitre.org /tech/nanotech/molecular_quantum_dot.html (424 words)

	Molecular Psychiatry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The emphasis is on studies at the interface of pre-clinical and clinical research, including studies at the cellular, molecular, integrative, clinical, imaging and psychopharmacology levels.
		Molecular mechanisms contributing to dendritic spine alterations in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia
		Molecular Psychiatry and Eli Lilly are proud to announce that Eran Meshorer, PhD is the winner of the 2005 Lilly- Molecular Psychiatry award.
	www.nature.com /mp (262 words)

	Molecular
		Molecular analysis of gene mutations is the standard practice for diagnosis of many genetic disorders.
		In contrast to molecular genetic studies in the past which could only detect mutations indirectly via linkage, detection of specific alterations at the DNA level are now discernable.
		Analysis in the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory is typically performed on nucleic acids isolated from peripheral blood, buccal swabs, cultured amniocytes, or cultured chorionic villi samples.
	www.ggc.org /Diagnostics/Molecular/molecular.htm (214 words)

	Amazon.com: Molecular Systematics: Books: David M. Hillis,Craig Moritz,Barbara K. Mable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Within the past decade, molecular systematic methods have been applied in most fields of biology to provide an evolutionary framework whenever comparisons are made among individuals, populations, or higher taxa.
		The first edition of Molecular Systematics became a standard reference for this vigorous field by describing each aspect of the planning, execution, and analysis of a molecular systematic study.
		Molecular Systematics includes chapters on sampling design, the collection and storage of tissues, each of the major molecular techniques, and intraspecific and phylogenetic analysis.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0878932828?v=glance (1094 words)

	Molecular Origami Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Molecular Origami is an outgrowth of 'Data-Driven Chemistry', a technique of teaching chemistry under development by Prof.
		Molecular Origami by Robert M. Hanson (University Science Books) is a set of actual paper models focusing on small organic and inorganic structures.
		Molecular Origami is unique because it enables you to pick and choose what groups you want to look at.
	www.stolaf.edu /people/hansonr/mo (452 words)

	Molecular Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Molecular Biology Laboratory was created in order to provide high quality molecular diagnoses and to serve as a research laboratory.
		Molecular Cytogenetic diagnostics is also available for the detection of genetic diseases and cancer genes.
		Efforts are taken to establish the Molecular Biology Department as the first and foremost center in the field of Molecular In vivo Imaging studies.
	www.aimshospital.org /Molecbio/molecbio.html (821 words)

	Institute for Molecular Manufacturing
		Molecular machinery parts design work by Dr. Eric Drexler includes a simple pump, a fine motion controller for molecular assembly, and a molecular differential gear.
		Some design graphics of molecular machine parts, produced by K. Eric Drexler, or by K. Eric Drexler and Ralph C. Merkle, that appear on the Web sites of Foresight Institute and the Institute for Molecular Manufacturing (IMM) are copyrighted by IMM.
		The Institute for Molecular Manufacturing and the Foresight Institute have proposed guidelines for the development of nanotechnology.
	www.imm.org (1280 words)

	Molecular Electronics
		A major economic motivation for the development of nanotechnology is provided by the electronics industry [1] which steadily miniaturizes [2] and integrates [3] electronic components to produce devices ranging from computer chips [4] to instruments [5].
		Thus, it may not be long until it becomes economically feasible to integrate top-down [9] semiconductor devices with bottom-up [10] molecular electronics, thus paving the way from classical to quantum computation.
		In addition to the molecular electronic applications, DNA-based electronics research can also qualify as medical research and thus progress in controlling the assembly of DNA is rapidly advancing [22].
	www.nanoword.net /library/weekly/aa080101a.htm (1321 words)

	Molecular Ecology - Journal Information
		Molecular Ecology publishes papers that utilize molecular genetic techniques to address consequential questions in ecology, evolution, behaviour and conservation.
		We are pleased to announce that Molecular Ecology is sponsoring the American Genetics Association Annual Symposium: "Genetics of Speciation", to be held July 21-24 2006 at The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
		Issue 15:5 of Molecular Ecology (April 2006) is a special issue on the ecological and evolutionary genomics of populations in nature.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /journal.asp?ref=0962-1083 (455 words)

	Geometry in Action: Molecular Modeling
		Many questions in molecular modeling can be understood geometrically in terms of arrangements of spheres in three dimensions.
		Classical molecular modeling has dealt with biological molecules which generally have a tree-like structure, but applications to nanotechnology require dealing with more complicated diamond-like structures; it is unclear to what extent this affects the relevant algorithms.
		Michel Sanner of Scripps studies algorithms for molecular modeling, and published a paper on molecular surface accessability at the 11th ACM Symp.
	www.ics.uci.edu /~eppstein/gina/molmod.html (405 words)

	Amazon.com: Molecular Evolution: Books: Wen-Hsiung Li (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The general reader who has already read some other references on molecular methods will find this reference to be a reasonable to read yet fairly detailed, comprehensive overview of molecular methods used to discern evolutionary history.
		Molecular Evolution provides an essential synthesis detailing the explosion of knowledge and presenting the exciting developments in the study of molecular evolution.
		The book describes the dynamics of evolutionary change at the molecular level, the driving forces behind the evolutionary process, the effects of the various molecular mechanisms on the structure of genes and genomes, and the methodology involved in dealing with molecular data from an evolutionary perspective.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0878934634?v=glance (1026 words)

	Molecular Biology Subject Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The basic difference between the two fields is that microbiology studies microscopic living organisms, while molecular biology examines the molecular level of any living organism.
		Focusing on the fundamentals of molecular biology and encompassing all aspects of the expression
		Designed for "anyone looking for relevant information on cell and molecular biology," cellbio.com is organized into four broad topic areas: research, education, communication, and random information.
	www.mannlib.cornell.edu /reference/subjects/molbio.html (1308 words)

	Nanotechnology
		molecular robotics, e.g., robotic devices that are molecular both in their size and precision.
		Steps towards molecular manufacturing discusses the design of molecular building blocks that could be used in conjunction with positional assembly in solution (no vacuum) to build a useful range of non-diamondoid molecular structures, including early assemblers.
		While DNA is not as stiff as might be desired for molecular robotics applications, the ability to synthesize an octahedral structure suggests that the self assembly of a simple positional device is possible.
	www.zyvex.com /nano (2301 words)

	Molecular Genetics Services
		Molecular diagnostic testing for CFTR mutations complements the sweat test, which has been available for some time for confirmation of clinical diagnosis.
		Molecular diagnostic testing for Gaucher disease complements the glucocerebrosidase activity assay and may be used, for example, to clarify the finding of intermediate GC activity or to guide the choice of therapeutic regimen.
		Molecular diagnostic testing also is used for prenatal diagnosis and to detect carrier status.
	path.upmc.edu /divisions/diagnostics/services/molgen.html (862 words)

	Sequence Logos, Machine/Channel Capacity, Maxwell's Demon, and Molecular Computers: a Review of the Theory of Molecular ...
		The equivalent statement for molecular machines is that, so long as a molecular machine does not exceed its machine capacity, it may take actions as precise as may be required for evolutionary survival.
		The molecular operation that the ribosome must perform is to select the after sphere that represents its binding sites and to avoid all the other after spheres that represent different patterns.
		The theory of molecular machines shows that molecular machines can act as precisely as we choose, so nearly ideal Boolean logic could exist and complete molecular circuits should be possible to build.
	www.lecb.ncifcrf.gov /~toms/paper/nano2/latex/paper.html (9862 words)

	Molecular and Computational Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Molecular and Computational Biology is a subdivision of the Department of Biological Sciences, along with Neurosciences and Marine Environmental Biology.
		The faculty and students in the Molecular and Computational Biology Program share the common approaches of molecular biology, computational biology and genetics, yet they are extremely diverse in the way they apply these approaches to specific biological systems.
		Training in independent research is the single most important element of graduate education in the Molecular and Computational Biology Program, but it is integrated with a strong curriculum and an extensive seminar series.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/biosci/mcb (321 words)

	Molecular Microbiology - Journal Information
		Molecular Microbiology, the leading primary journal in microbial sciences, publishes research articles reporting the results of molecular studies of eukaryotic microorganisms and of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and their viruses.
		Studies that include genetic, biochemical, biophysical, bioinformatic and structural analysis leading to a deeper understanding of the molecular principals underlying basic physiological processes or mechanisms are considered as potentially suitable for publication in the journal.
		Molecular Microbiology is keen to support the microbiology research community and regularly awards poster prizes at selected conferences.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /journal.asp?ref=0950-382X (407 words)

	About Molecular Vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Angela Shaefer, MS Molecular Vision is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the dissemination of research results in molecular biology, cell biology, and the genetics of the visual system (ocular and cortical).
		Molecular Vision publishes articles presenting original research that has not previously been published and comprehensive articles reviewing the current status of a particular field or topic.
		Since Molecular Vision is published electronically, you can search for keywords within an article to quickly locate information most relevant to you.
	www.molvis.org /molvis/about.html (357 words)

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