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	Molecular electronics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Molecular electronics (sometimes called moletronics) is a branch of applied physics which aims at using molecules as passive (e.g.
		Apart from the Aviram and Ratner proposal, molecular electronics received an initial boost from the experimental discovery of conducting polymers in the mid-seventies.
		Supramolecular electronics is a new field that tackles electronics at a supramolecular level.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Molecular_electronics (976 words)

	Molecular electronics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Molecular electronics is the use of molecules as wires and other components in the construction of electronic circuitry.
		Towards Molecular Electronics 2001 3rd International Conference on organic conductors and superconductors, sensors, NOE materials, molecular magnets, nanostructural materials, nanotechnology and molecular electronics.
		Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Publishes investigations of the molecular biology, molecular immunology and biochemistry of parasitic protozoa and helminths and their interactions with both the definitive and intermediate host.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Molecular_electronics.html (475 words)

	Molecular Electronics
		Because molecular electronics borrows most heavily from current technologies, in the past few years it has advanced to the point that many major semiconductor-manufacturing companies, including IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and LG (Korea), are launching their own research programs in molecular electronics.
		Molecular synthesis is also a solution-phase endeavor, and all of the analytical techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry, NMR, optical spectroscopy) are primarily designed to investigate the structure and dynamics of molecules in solution.
		How molecular orbitals align with the Fermi levels of electrodes, the coupling of molecular vibrations with charge transport through the molecule, and the nature of the molecule/electrode interface states are questions being addressed in various laboratories around the world.
	www.nae.edu /nae/bridgecom.nsf/weblinks/MKUF-5UZHMA?OpenDocument (1893 words)

	Molecular Electronics
		What that means is that the electrons are moving in the material within a band of allowable energy levels that is quite large relative to the energy levels permitted in a single atom or molecule.
		Electrons in any quantized structure such as a molecule tend to move from higher- to lower-energy levels, so in order to channel electrons we need a molecule that has an empty, low-energy orbital that is dispersed throughout the molecule from one end to the other.
		In their demonstration, they showed that the conductivity of a molecular layer of rotaxanes, molecules that resemble a core with a surrounding barbell, could be predictably interrupted when a high voltage was applied to a junction containing the molecules.
	www.mtmi.vu.lt /pfk/funkc_dariniai/nanostructures/molec_computer.htm (4732 words)

	LiTH: Molecular Electronics and System Design
		Molecular electronics, i e, electronics based on semi-conducting and conducting organic molecules and polymers, is a rapidly developing area of technology both internationally and in Sweden.
		Molecular electronics, also called organic electronics, is however a comparatively young technology, it has only been 15 years since the first polymer-based light emitting diode was demonstrated.
		Organic electronics is now reaching the same state of maturity, and the field thus needs electrical engineers that are skilled in (component and) system design while having a good understanding of the properties (electrical, chemical and process-related) of organic electronic materials.
	www.lith.liu.se /en/master/mesd.html (789 words)

	Rapid Progress Reported in Emerging Field of Molecular Electr... 12/16/2004
		The emerging field of molecular electronics — using nanoscale molecules as key components in computers and other electronic devices — is in excellent health and has a bright future, conclude UCLA, Caltech and University of California, Santa Barbara, chemists who assess the field in the Dec. 17 issue of the journal Science.
		"Molecular electronics is in its infancy, and its adolescence and adulthood will be very exciting as we push toward the promise of molecular electronics: smaller, more versatile and more efficient," said Amar Flood, a UCLA researcher in Fraser Stoddart's supramolecular chemistry group, and lead author of the Science paper.
		If Stoddart's molecular switches are incorporated into a future generation of computers, there is also the prospect of using the same molecular switches as the basis for the displays in these and in other new technologies.
	www.newsroom.ucla.edu /page.asp?RelNum=5718 (1067 words)

	Molecular Electronics
		Well, from my current understanding, molecular electronics seeks to use individual molecules to perform functions in electronic circuitry now performed by semiconductor-based solid-state microelectronics (which is the hardware for the brain of the computer).
		One immediate example that molecular electronics will allow is that of a better chance to pursue artifical intelligence.
		I belive that molecular electronics will have a profound effect on the future of both computing and living.
	people.smu.edu /mharper/ee.html (849 words)

	Molecular Electronics
		For example, natural photosynthetic reaction centers are photovoltaic devices of molecular dimensions, and the principles dictating the operation of reaction centers may be useful in the design of synthetic optoelectronic switches.
		Once functional molecular photovoltaics, logic gates, or other elements have been prepared, ways must be developed for interfacing these with electronic circuits.
		The generation in the triad of a long-lived charge separated state by photoinduced electron transfer, the low-temperature electron transfer behavior, and the formation of a triplet state by charge recombination are phenomena heretofore observed mostly in photosynthetic reaction centers.
	photoscience.la.asu.edu /photosyn/faculty/gust/molecular_electronics.htm (522 words)

	Molecular Scale Electronics. Syntheses and Testing
		The metal-molecule-metal configuration presents the molecular embodiment of a system analogous to a quantum dot, with the potential barriers replaced by the contact barrier of the gold-thiolate endgroups (Figure 1).
		Thus, by varying the molecular alligator clip and examining the molecules' conductivity, the contribution of the alligator clip to the resistance of the molecular wire can be determined.
		"Molecular electronics" is a poorly defined term since some authors refer to it as any molecular-based system such as a film or a liquid crystalline array.
	www.foresight.org /Conferences/MNT05/Papers/Tour (1992 words)

	Molecular Electronics
		A major economic motivation for the development of nanotechnology is provided by the electronics industry [1] which steadily miniaturizes [2] and integrates [3] electronic components to produce devices ranging from computer chips [4] to instruments [5].
		Thus, it may not be long until it becomes economically feasible to integrate top-down [9] semiconductor devices with bottom-up [10] molecular electronics, thus paving the way from classical to quantum computation.
		In addition to the molecular electronic applications, DNA-based electronics research can also qualify as medical research and thus progress in controlling the assembly of DNA is rapidly advancing [22].
	www.nanoword.net /library/weekly/aa080101a.htm (1321 words)

	Molecular Electronics And Quantum Dots — Properties and Future Applications
		Molecular Electronics seeks to replace current electronics technology by implementing one or a few molecules to function as switches, connections, and other logic devices.
		Molecular electronics spans several broad fields and it overlaps with several more covering everything from the development of optical discs based on films of bistable biomolecules to the conceptual design of computers based on molecular wires and switches.
		The size and shape of their structures and therefore the number of electrons they contain, can be precisely controlled; a quantum dot can have anything from a single electron to a collection of several thousands electrons.
	www.azonano.com /details.asp?ArticleID=564 (627 words)

	Molecular electronics (from nanotechnology) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The use of molecules for electronic devices was suggested by Mark Ratner of Northwestern University and Avi Aviram of IBM as early as the 1970s, but proper nanotechnology tools did not become available until the turn of the 21st century.
		Electronics is the branch of physics concerned with the generation and behavior of electrons, as in transistors and electron tubes.
		It is especially concerned with their use in electronic devices, in which electricity is used to control, communicate,...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-236446 (755 words)

	MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS: ON MOLECULAR JUNCTIONS
		Reports of passive molecular electronics devices, such as tunnel junctions and rectifiers, as well as of active devices, for example, single-molecule transistors and molecular switch tunnel junctions, have withstood scientific scrutiny.
		In rectifiers, a molecule composed of an electron donor, a bridge, and an electron acceptor is extended between two electrodes.
		True molecular rectification is observed only if the donor-bridge-acceptor component of the molecule is extended between the electrodes, and for only a relatively small range of donor and acceptor molecular orbital energy levels.
	scienceweek.com /2005/sw050701-2.htm (1503 words)

	ITworld.com - HP makes breakthrough in molecular electronics
		Hewlett-Packard Co. unveiled what it termed a major breakthrough in molecular electronics research on Monday, bringing the company forward in its goal to build complex molecular-scale chips that will in turn be developed into a future generation of smaller, faster and cheaper chips.
		The Palo Alto, California, company was able to create the highest density electronically addressable memory on record through its use of molecular grids, HP said in a statement.
		The circuit, a 64-bit memory using molecular switches as active devices, is less than one square micron in size, and has a bit density more than 10 times greater than today's silicon memory chips, HP said.
	www.itworld.com /Comp/1622/020909hpmolecular/pfindex.html (383 words)

	Purdue Nanoscale Center: Molecular Electronics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There has been a recent surge of interest in molecular electronics following several reports of the measurement of the electrical resistance of molecular conductors [1] and demonstration of switching from one resistance value to another [2].
		These molecular species can provide interesting functionalities as intrinsic quantum dots, memory elements, optical elements and chemical sensors and also can exploit phenomena like molecular recognition and self-assembly.
		The objective will be to demonstrate a new class of hybrid electronic devices that combine the powerful technologies of microelectronics and genetic engineering to achieve unprecedented device functionality.
	www.nanodevices.ecn.purdue.edu /molecular.html (1132 words)

	ScienceDaily: Rapid Progress Reported In Emerging Field Of Molecular Electronics
		The emerging field of molecular electronics -- using nanoscale molecules as key components in computers and other electronic devices -- is in excellent health and has a bright future, conclude UCLA, Caltech and University of California, Santa Barbara, chemists who assess the field in the Dec. 17 issue of the journal Science.
		Molecular electronic components are already working, say Stoddart, Flood and co?authors James R. Heath, who is Elizabeth W. Gilloon Professor of Chemistry at Caltech and a member of CNSI's scientific board; and David Steuerman, a CNSI postdoctoral fellow in physics at University of California, Santa Barbara.
		New Project Takes Measure Of Plastic Electronics (November 29, 2004) -- In the future, the phrase smarty pants might be taken quite literally, referring to trousers embedded with electronic "intelligence" so that they change color, for example, in response to their...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/12/041219141950.htm (1399 words)

	Molecular Electronics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The electronic structure of organic molecules can be manipulated and controlled by adding or substituting functional groups on a substrate molecule.
		In 1974, Aviram and Ratner proposed that if an electron rich "donor" group and an electron deficient "acceptor" group, spacially separated by a non-conjugated bridge, could be placed in a single molecule, the electronic asymmetry created would lead to an equivalent asymmetry in the electrical conduction through the molecule, i.e.
		The aim of this project is to measure the electrical properties of potential molecular rectifiers, and to elucidate the underlying physics controlling the electron transfer processes.
	newton.ex.ac.uk /research/emag/LB (261 words)

	IBM Research \| Almaden Research Center \| Science and Technology \| Molecular Electronics
		Nevertheless, it is clear that physical and chemical principles apply to the continuing reduction in the size of electrical components, and that the ultimate limit lies at the length scale of atoms and molecules, namely about 1 nm.
		The molecular electronics group at the IBM Almaden Research Center, like many other teams around the world, is investigating novel means of incorporating conjugated organic molecules into functional electronic nanoscale devices.
		Among the issues which are being addressed in our program are: novel methods of patterning, including directed self-assembly, where the "seeds are planted" by soft lithographic techniques; biomimetic approaches to molecular assembly; and coupling chemistry to connect functional organic molecules to metal electrodes with minimum interface resistance.
	www.almaden.ibm.com /st/chemistry/me/index.shtml (218 words)

	From solid state to quantum and molecular electronics, the deepening of information proceesing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Its electronic properties are so remarkable that "silicon" becomes equivalent with "integrated circuit" or "system chip", and an entire period of the electronics technology may be named "silicon electronics" or "silicon microelectronics".
		In the case of configurational molecular electronics (Conrad), the computation is not effective, is not proceeding step by step after a classical type of algorithm.
		Molecular electronics is capable only of computations, and not of information processing that may bring intuition and creativity.
	www.racai.ro /MD-Web/FromSolid.html (5711 words)

	EETimes.com - Researchers close to delivering molecular circuits
		Although it's a little like watching a chess match in slow motion, molecular electronics researchers are converging on viable circuit-fabrication methods.
		Molecular methods are attractive because they solve the enormous problem of defining trillions of devices and their interconnects.
		The advent of molecular electronics may thus be upon us, but in what form is not clear.
	www.eetimes.com /story/OEG20020215S0063 (1731 words)

	Quantum computer and molecular electronics: two sides of the same coin
		This is an abstract for a poster to be presented at the Fifth Foresight Conference on Molecular Nanotechnology.
		Molecular electronics is an interdisciplinary field, more than the most other ones, because knowledge is required from biology, chemistry, computer science and physics.
		Quantum-effect devices, which exploit the wave-like properties of electrons at the atomic level, are the subject of intense research at universities and corporate research institutes.
	www.islandone.org /Foresight/Conferences/MNT05/Abstracts/Wei2abst.html (903 words)

	EETimes.com - Chemical researchers design molecular computer
		Unlike attempts to build electronic devices using nanoscale manipulators like atomic force microscopes, a chemical approach to circuit synthesis could lead to the building of immensely complex devices using chemical reactions as the means of fabrication.
		While molecular structures can self-assemble with a high degree of accuracy compared with human-directed processes, the sheer number of units means that even a small probability of error will result in many defects.
		Similarly, researchers using the molecular circuit design approach will be able to take advantage of a large number of circuit components and interconnects, since the circuits will spontaneously assemble out of a staggering number of molecular components.
	www.eet.com /story/OEG19991109S0036 (968 words)

	MATERIALS SCIENCE: Expanding the Molecular Electronics Toolbox -- Martin and Baker 309 (5731): 67 -- Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The goal of molecular electronics is the construction of electronic circuit elements (such as transistors and diodes) from individual molecules (1, 2).
		Therefore, molecular electronics potentially allows a greater number of circuit elements to be packed on a chip than is possible with conventional methods (4).
		Mainstream electronics companies such as Hewlett-Packard, Motorola, and IBM are pursuing research and development projects in molecular electronics (5)
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/309/5731/67 (1124 words)

	The J Curve: Transcending Moore’s Law with Molecular Electronics
		The process complexity is embodied in the inexpensive synthesized molecular structures, and so they can literally be splashed on to a prepared silicon wafer.
		Many of the molecular electronic approaches are inherently digital and immune to soft errors, and some are inherently non-volatile.
		Molecular memories, in contrast, have a much more pragmatic path to near-term revenue.
	jurvetson.blogspot.com /2004/09/transcending-moores-law-with-molecular.html (2162 words)

	Wired 8.07: Molecular Electronics Will Change Everything
		His newest molecules exhibit semiconductive properties that give them the ability to hold a charge or behave like switches or memory, meaning molecular electronics could replace the transistors, diodes, and conductors of conventional microelectronic circuitry.
		Molecular microchips, populated with transistors that can be produced cheaply in astronomical numbers, will compute faster, remember longer without needing to be refreshed, and consume power at a mere trickle.
		Some of this money has found its way into a brand-new company, Molecular Electronics Corporation, founded in late 1999 by Tour, Reed, and several colleagues in an effort to ride the tide their science is setting in motion.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/8.07/moletronics.html (974 words)

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