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Topic: Molniya


  
  Molniya
As of 1994, the Molniya 3 constellation consisted of Molniya 3-36, 3-38, 3-39, 3-42, 3-43, 3-44, 3-45, and 3-46.
Molniya 188, relieved Molniya 1-82 of its duties.
At the end of 1994, operational Molniya satellites were 1-79, 1-80, and 1-83 through 1-88.
www.astronautix.com /project/molniya.htm   (4360 words)

  
 [3.0] Gravity & Orbital Mechanics [encyclopedia]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
The USSR was at a high latitude, and geosynchronous communications satellites tended to be too close to the horizon to be useful in the northern regions of the country.
As a result, the Soviets launched communications satellites named "Molniyas" into elliptical orbits that took them high over the USSR, arcing overhead for long periods of time, and then falling back down around the other side of the Earth to make whip around quickly for another gradually slowing arc up over the Motherland.
The Americans employed Molniya orbits for spy satellites used to listen in on Soviet communications.
kosmoi.com /Science/Physics/Mechanics/tpecp3.shtml   (7567 words)

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