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	Russian space program » Russian Rockets
		Rocket “Angara” (1) – описание ракеты легкого класса
		Rocket “Angara” (2) – описание ракеты среднего класса
		Rocket “Zenit” (3) – описание подготовки к старту
	www.space-ru.com /russian-space-rocket (49 words)

	SPACE.com -- Russian Rocket Launches Molniya Satellite from Plesetsk
		Liftoff from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome came at 9:53 p.m.
		The satellite's orbit allows it to "hover" over a particular point on Earth while the spacecraft nears and returns from its farthest distance from the planet.
		This is the first launch of the Soyuz family of rockets from Russia's northern launch site of Plesetsk since an Oct. 15, 2002 mishap in which a Soyuz booster exploded after lift off, killing one soldier on the ground.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/molniya_launch_030402.html (320 words)

	'Zarya' - Soviet Lunar Exploration (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Rocket motors aboard the probes themselves were used while en-route to the Moon to apply small corrections to the trajectory, with the aim of avoiding the near-miss scenario of Luna 1, though this was not always successful (see
		E-6-2 spacecraft launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Molniya rocket towards a low orbit around the Earth at 65 degrees inclination - its mission is to soft land a camera module onto the lunar surface but control of the rocket is lost 295 seconds after lift-off and it is destroyed.
		Luna 5 (E-6-10) launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Molniya rocket into approx 150 x 225 kilometre orbit around the Earth at 64.8 degrees inclination - its mission is to soft land a camera module onto the lunar surface
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/Luna/Proof.htm (2061 words)

	"MOLNIYA" RESEARCH & INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION - MULTIPURPOSE AEROSPACE SYSTEM (MAKS)
		In the first place it is a capability of putting payloads into any inclination orbits, high operation efficiency and low operational cost and absence of necessity to alienate areas under fields of fall of construction components.
		Unlike the rocket systems tied to few space vehicle launching sites and limited in orbit choice, MAKS may be used for emergency rescue of space object crews or for urgent aerial reconnaissance of regions of technogene and natural extraordinary situations.
		NPO MOLNIYA began to realize the MAKS project in the 1980s before the BURAN orbiter first flight using the experience and results of work on the SPIRAL project, the BOR experimental flight vehicles and the BURAN.
	www.ceebd.co.uk /ceebd/molniya6.htm (774 words)

	Pravda.RU:Vladimir Putin observes missile launch (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A Molniya (Lightning) launch vehicle lifted off in the morning of February 18 from the Plesetsk space center in northern Russia's Arkhangelsk region, carrying a Cosmos military-communications satellite.
		The Molniya-M, which features a fourth stage, and which is a modified version of the well-known Vostok and Voskhod rockets, was used to launch interplanetary probes in the direction of Venus and Mars.
		The first Molniya-M rocket was launched from Plesetsk February 19, 1970, with this northern Russian space center orbiting a total of 223 Molniya-M launch vehicles.
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2004/02/18/52371_.html (440 words)

	Molniya Launches Classified Satellite from Plesetsk
		The Molniya M rocket is a variant of the Soyuz rocket family.
		The Molniya class satellite was placed in a highly elliptical orbit, with an inclination of 62.8 degrees, for the Russian Defense Ministry.
		Molniya spacecraft orbit in elliptical orbits with an apogee as high as 40,000 km, over the northern hemisphere, and a perigee as low as 470 km over the southern hemisphere, with one rotation taking about 12 hours.
	www.spaceandtech.com /digest/flash2001/flash2001-094.shtml (266 words)

	"MOLNIYA" RESEARCH & INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION - SUPERSONIC ROCKET TARGETS
		Low cost of the rockets-targets constructed on the basis of battle anti-aircraft rockets, sufficiently full imitation of air targets characteristics, high reliability and safety in service ensured their wide use in the system of air defence as a typical air target for battle training, testing of anti-aircraft rocket complexes and systems.
		At the present time NPO MOLNIYA is performing work connected with designing the rockets-target PM- 75 with the tactical-technical characteristics similar to the characteristics of the STRIZH rocket-target.
		NPO MOLNIYA many-year experience in developing supersonic rockets-targets on the base of expired their life anti-aircraft guided rockets is an economically effective method of utilization of the taken from service battle rockets which ensures their second life and wide use in the army as air targets imitating standard air targets.
	www.ceebd.co.uk /ceebd/molniya8.htm (611 words)

	Frontier Status Report #183
		MOLNIYA / COSMOS 2368 - A Molniya M rocket (8K78M) was launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome on Monday, December 27 at 2:12 p.m.
		The payload for the rocket was a Russian Defense Ministry Cosmos 2368 reconnaissance satellite.
		The rocket was not fueled, nor was the RVSN-40 satellite (military) payload present at the time of the accident.
	www.asi.org /adb/06/09/07/1999/fs-19991231.html (2487 words)

	Molniya
		Such orbits, that have become known as Molniya-type orbits, require less rocket power to achieve than a geosynchronous orbit and are better suited to communications with northern latitudes.
		This constellation, like that of all subsequent Molniyas, consisted of four pairs of spacecraft with orbits inclined at 90o to one another, replenished as necessary.
		All Molniya satellites have masses of 1,500-1,800 kg and have been placed in orbit by Molniya 8K78 launch vehicles, mostly from Plesetsk but also from Baikonur.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/M/Molniya.html (279 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Rocket Debris Found in Tyumen Region (Site not responding. Last check: )
		June 23 (Interfax) - The wreckage of the Molniya-M rocket which was carrying a satellite for the Russian Defense Ministry was discovered in the Uvat district of the Tyumen region in Siberia, the Russian Space Forces told Interfax on Thursday.
		Molniya-M failed to put a satellite in orbit early on Tuesday as the rocket's engines unexpectedly stopped, and the third stage and the satellite fell in the Tyumen region.
		A search for other components of the rocket and the satellite is continuing, Kuznetsov said.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=157893 (144 words)

	Indian Space Program
		APPLE was launched by Ariane rocket, made by France and launched from Kouru in French Guyana.
		INSAT-1C was launched by Ariane rocket, made by France and launched from Kouru in French Guyana.
		INSAT-2B was launched by Ariane rocket, made by France and launched from Kouru in French Guyana.Transponder failed on April, 1999.
	www.geocities.com /indian_space_story/history.html (448 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Military rocket crashes in Russia
		Officials say they believe no one on the ground was hurt when the Molniya-M rocket came down in a thinly populated region of Siberia.
		The rocket was launched from the Plesetsk military cosmodrome.
		Helicopters were used to search for wreckage from the rocket, a spokesman for the Russian Space forces said.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/rss/-/2/hi/science/nature/4114380.stm (241 words)

	AngolaPress - News
		The rocket`s lift-off was normal but the third-stage engine came under abnormal conditions after six minutes of flight, the report said.
		The rocket is being steadily tracked by the radars of the instrumentation and command complex," an officer from the Russian Space Defense Forces (SDF) said.
		The booster rocket Molniya-1, launched at 04:49 local time (0049 GMT) from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, was tasked with sending a Molniya-3K military communications satellite into a low-earth orbit.
	www.angolapress-angop.ao /noticia-e.asp?ID=350914 (219 words)

	Russia launches military satellite (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Russia successfully launched a Molnya-M rocket carrying a military satellite Wednesday, Russian space officials quoted by Interfax news agency said.
		The Molnya rocket blasted off from the Plesetsk space center in northern Russia at 5:53 am (0353 GMT).
		Corps' chief Anatoly Perminov, who observed the launch from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, hailed the launch crew's professionalism and noted proudly that it was the 222nd launch of a Molniya-M rocket, 216 of which had been successful.
	www.spacedaily.com /2003/030402045601.mxh8lwig.html (92 words)

	Molniya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Molniya (satellite), the Soviet military communications satellite.
		Molniya orbit, distinctive orbit associated with the satellite.
		The Molniya (rocket), a four stage variation of the Soyuz launch vehicle
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Molniya (113 words)

	Search for Missing Satellite Resumed in Tyumen Region - Space - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A Molniya-M medium-class rocket was to place a satellite in orbit for the Russian Defense Ministry at 4:49 a.m.
		Molniya-M belongs to a family of space rockets constructed on the basis of an R-7 ballistic missile and is considered one of the most reliable rockets in the Space Forces, the Novosti Kosmonavtiki website says.
		There have been a total of 318 launches of this rocket, including that on June 21, 2005, and in 307 of them, the payload was successfully placed in orbit, making the reliability rate 96.54%.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=157688&source=r_space (253 words)

	Singapore Paranormal Investigators
		Another possibility based on the fact from spacewatcher.com is that the fireball may be a falling Russian Molniya-M rocket that launched a military communications satellite on July 20th 2001.
		Note that the Molniya rocket body was large enough that some debris likely made it to the ground.
		This is the flight path of the Molniya rocket body that descended to Earth and finally had been seen by in Canada similar FIREBALL that Singapore had seen on 12 August 2001.
	www.spi.com.sg /spi/spi_files/sg_ufo/main.htm (1128 words)

	Soyuz rocket launches U.S. cable TV spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Liftoff of the 1,699th Soyuz rocket was at 2328 GMT (7:28 p.m.
		The fully assembled rocket was transferred by rail and lifted vertically on the launch pad earlier this week.
		Saturday's launch was the first flight of a Soyuz heritage vehicle since the failure of a similar Molniya rocket in June.
	www.atlasaerospace.net /eng/newsi-r.htm?id=2303 (995 words)

	Space Forces in 2005-Blog-Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces
		The rocket delivered two satellites into orbit: a navigataion satellite of the Parus system, Cosmos-2414, and a small scientific satellite, Tat...
		The launch, which was reported to be of a "Molniya-3M rocket", is not listed among Roskosmos launches for April-June, which indicates...
		The rocket and its payload, Molniya-3K communication satellite, crashed in Tyumen oblast.
	russianforces.org /blog/2005/01/space_forces_in_2005.shtml (720 words)

	S.P.Korolev RSC Energia - LAUNCHERS
		The new four-stage launch vehicle was derived from rocket P-7.
		Stage II of rocket P-9 using the engine designed by S. Kosberg was employed (with certain modifications) as stage III (stage I).
		On May 1, 1965, via this satellite, citizens of the Far East were watching on their TV sets a direct transmission of the Military Parade and demonstration at the Red Square in Moscow.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/launchers/vehicle_molniya.html (652 words)

	SPACE.com -- Russia Launches Molniya Military Satellite
		The fourth stage of the launcher was then expected to fire again to push the spacecraft into its final highly elliptical orbit with the inclination 62.8 degrees toward the Equator.
		On its way around the planet, the Molniya climbs as high as 40,000 kilometers in the apogee (the highest point) over the Northern Hemisphere, descending as low as 470 kilometers in the perigee (the lowest point) over the Southern Hemisphere.
		The satellites can be used to transmit television and radio signals for both civilian and military users; however, the newest birds are expected to serve the military.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/milsat_launch_011025.html (388 words)

	ESA - ESA Permanent Mission in Russia - Molniya
		The Molniya launch vehicle essentially consists of a basic Soyuz launch vehicle with an additional fourth stage.
		Initially developed in 1960 for lunar and planetary missions, the Molniya-M is now used to place payloads of 2 tonnes into highly elliptical orbits inclined 63° to the equator.
		Originally Molniya launch vehicle was designed on the basis of R-7 rocket of Korolev Design Bereau (now RSC Energia).
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/ESA_Permanent_Mission_in_Russia/SEMC7FADFZD_2.html (171 words)

	Molniya Launch Vehicle - Russia and Space Transportation Systems
		V.A. Asiushkin and O.V. Papkov, "Rocket Stage - Trans-Orbit Booster Fregat", Paper IAF-93-V.2.608, 44th Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, 16-22 October 1993.
		Tentatively designated Molnlya-A, this launch vehicle would be capable of placing 5.4 metric tons into a sun-synchronous orbit.
		Introduction of the Molniya-A could come as early as 1996 (References 255-258).
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/world/russia/molniyalaunch.htm (468 words)

	Czech scientists awaken sleeping satellite
		The academy's Magion-5 satellite, "asleep" since a solar panel failed soon after it was launched by a Russian rocket in August 1996, was restarted after periodic radio bursts from a control station in the Czech Republic spurred it into action.
		It said more commands were being transmitted over the coming days to get Magion-5 into proper alignment with the sun so that scientific experiments could begin.
		Magion-5 was launched by a Molniya-M rocket from Plesetsk in northern Russia along with two other satellites -- which deployed properly -- as part of the Interbol Project which involves the European Space Agency and Canada.
	www.chron.com /content/interactive/space/news/98/980515czech.html (173 words)

	Frontier Status Report #64
		The satellite was carried aloft by a four-stage Molniya-M rocket.
		The rocket released the Intelsat 803 into a transfer orbit 20 minutes, 46 seconds into the flight.
		Intelsat 803: The Lockheed Martin-built Intelsat 803 was launched on an Ariane 42L rocket on Sept 23.
	www.asi.org /adb/06/09/07/1997/fs-19970926.html (2063 words)

	Chronology of the Moon Race
		In a meeting with leaders of the rocket industry, Nikita Khrushchev authorizes the development of an array of projects, aimed at militarization of space, among them the N1 rocket.
		The 1st attempt to conduct live test firing of the 2nd stage of the N1 rocket (Block B) at NII-229's EU-15 facility in Zagorsk.
		In the wake of the Soviet Zond flights, and due to the delays with the development of the lunar module (scheduled to fly during the Apollo-8 mission in the Earth orbit), NASA considered instead to send the Apollo-8 spacecraft on a mission around the Moon (a circumlunar mission).
	www.russianspaceweb.com /chronology_moon_race.html (3504 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Russian military rocket launch fails to reach orbit
		Launch of the Molniya booster with its clandestine cargo occurred at 0049 GMT (8:49 p.m.
		The Molniya rocket is largely derived from the Soyuz family of vehicles that has dominated the Russian space program for almost 50 years.
		Although the Molniya has had a steady success record dating back four decades, the Soyuz family was most recently struck by a catastrophic failure at Plesetsk in 2002 that left a Russian soldier dead.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0506/21molniya (466 words)

	[No title]
		The Molniya-M rocket is just a Soyuz-U with an extra fourth state.
		The satellite entered a 211 x 559 km x 62.8 deg parking orbit, and then the Blok ML upper stage fired to put it in a 604 x 40578 km x 62.7 deg drift orbit with a 734 minute period; the orbit will later be adjusted to 717.8 minutes (semi-synchronous) with an onboard engine.
		US sources list it as Molniya 3-53 because it is the 53rd satellite to be given the Molniya-3 name, but the 3-53 designation is not used in official Russian sources.
	www.planet4589.org /space/jsr/back/news.503 (414 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Initial orbital parameters are: period 708 min, apogee 39400 km, perigee 600 km, and inclination 62.8 deg.
		1992-067A Molniya 3-42, a C.I.S communications spacecraft, was launched from Plesetsk cosmodrome by a Molniya rocket.
		It was on travel to orbit around Mars, and carried a magnetometer, a gamma ray spectrometer, an electron reflectron meter, a laser altimeter, and a high-resolution camera.
	nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov /miscellaneous/spacewarn/spx.468 (1488 words)

	Frontier Status 246, March 16, 2001
		While 80 percent of the subsystems of the rocket have previously flown, the new generation rocket is capable of placing over 8,600 kg into geostationary transfer orbit in its heavy-lift configuration.
		The 960-kg spacecraft was launched on an Ariane 1 rocket from Kourou on July 2, 1985 (ESA Giotto; ESA PR at SpaceRef.com).
		March 16, 1961 - The Central Committee and Politburo approved the development of the UR-200 universal rocket to be used as a ballistic missile and an orbital launch vehicle.
	www.frontierstatus.com /FSR031601.shtml (5019 words)

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