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Topic: Molten globule

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Molten globule
		These traits are similar to those observed in the trainsient intermediate states found during the folding of certain proteins and therefore the molten globule is believed to be analogous to protein folding intermediates.
		Moreover, the molten globule states induced by adding HCI or NaCI to U^sub 1^ appear structurally different: in the A^sub 1^ state cyt-c is dimeric and less compact, whereas in the A^sub 2^ form the protein reverts to a globular-like conformation.
		The molten globule is a compact denatured protein form, with a significantly native-like secondary structure but a largely flexible and disordered tertiary structure.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Molten-globule (584 words)

	Molten globule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A molten globule (MG) is a stable, partially folded protein state found in mildly denaturing conditions such as low pH (generally pH = 2), mild denaturant, or high temperature.
		Molten globules are collapsed and generally have some native-like secondary structure but a dynamic tertiary structure as seen by far and near circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, respectively.
		The molten globule ensembles sampled during protein folding and unfolding are thought to be roughly similar.
	www.kiwipedia.com /molten-globule.html (261 words)

	Molten globule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A molten globule (MG) is a stable, partially folded protein structure found in mildly denaturing conditions such as low pH (generally pH = 2), mild denaturant, or high temperature.
		These traits are similar to those observed in the trainsient intermediate states found during the folding of certain proteins and therefore the molten globule is believed to be analogous to protein folding intermediates.
		One of the difficulties in de novo protein design is achieving the side chain packing needed to create a stable native state rather than a molten globules.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Molten_globule (227 words)

	I. Langmuir's Ball Lightning Tube
		By regulating the intensity of the magnetic field, these droplets or globules, ranging from a few tenths mm up to 5 or 6 mm in diameter (about the size of a pea) can be made to form slowly and detach themselves singly from the skin of the arc.
		By proper combination and longitudinal and transverse fields the globules may often be made to move upwards or downwards in the arc parallel to its axis for distances ou to 5 or 10 cm, 2 to 4 inches.
		Under certain conditions the globules have been observed to move very slowly so that their motions through the arc could be easily followed by the unaided eye.
	amasci.com /freenrg/balllg1.html (1856 words)

	J. Biochem. 128, pp. 739-744 (2000)[body text]
		Molten globules have been extensively studied as general intermediates in protein folding, and their presence is widely accepted (1-4).
		However, the stable molten globule states of globular proteins were usually obtained at acid pH, high temperature, and intermediate concentrations of strong denaturants (1, 5), at which most proteins lose their activities.
		A model protein that is in a molten globule state and able to fold into a functional conformation upon ligand binding is needed for studying the folding and binding mechanisms and to show the generality of the molten globule formation.
	wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp /jbiochem/jb/128-5/5eybcltx.htm (2678 words)

	Evidence for a molten globule state as a general intermediate in protein folding. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Evidence for a molten globule state as a general intermediate in protein folding.
		A major class of intermediate states is the compact 'molten globule', whose characteristics have been studied intensively in those conditions in which it is stable (at acid pH, high temperatures and intermediate concentrations of strong denaturants).
		We propose that the formation of the transient molten globule state occurs early on the pathway of folding of all globular proteins.
	mar.1990.med-bib.com /2318308.htm (213 words)

	Method for automatically fluxing and casting samples - Patent 4612042
		The main feature of the motion is that the melt (the molten globule of sample dissolved in flux) is encouraged to wash down the crucible walls and to continually roll into areas of the crucible which are preheated by the burner flame.
		The main object is to cause the molten globule of flux and sample to roll about the bottom of the crucible in a manner which efficiently mixes the sample and flux.
		As previously mentioned, a favourable motion is obtained when the molten globule constantly rolls down the tilted bottom of the crucible and at the same time is deflected off the side of the crucible.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4612042.html (4559 words)

	Determination of the Volume Changes for Pressure-Induced Transitions of Apomyoglobin between the Native, Molten ...
		populates to a significant degree the molten globule or I conformation.
		As the pH is decreased, apomyoglobin populates the molten globule intermediate (Hughson et al., 1990
		Formation of a molten globule intermediate early in the kinetic folding pathway of apomyoglobin.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/75/1/463 (4396 words)

	Partially folded, molten globule and molten coil states of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor - Nature Structural ...
		Jennings, P. and Wright, P. Formation of a molten globule intermediate early in the kinetic pathway of apomyoglobin.
		Study of the 'molten globule' intermediate state in protein folding by a hydrophobic fluorescent probe.
		Ptitsyn, O. and Uversky, V. The molten globule is a third thermodynamic state of protein molecules.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nsmb/journal/v2/n3/abs/nsb0395-211.html (889 words)

	Molten globule -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The MG structure is believed to lack most of the well packed (Organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group) amino acid side chains that characterize the (Click link for more info and facts about native state) native state (N) of a protein.
		Or it may be a continuous transition, with no (Click link for more info and facts about cooperativity) cooperativity and no apparent "switch" from one form to the other.
		One of the difficulties in de novo (Click link for more info and facts about protein design) protein design is achieving the side chain packing needed to create a stable native state rather than a molten globules.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/molten_globule.htm (229 words)

	Native state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The native state of a protein can be distinguished from a molten globule, by among other things, distances measured by NMR.
		In a molten globule, on the other hand, their time-averaged distances are liable to be greater.
		Learning how native state proteins can be manufactured is important, as attempts to create proteins from scratch have resulted in molten globules and not true native state products.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Native_state (296 words)

	The Protein Physics Laboraroty - RESULTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Using this approach, a direct evidence for similarity of structural features of apomyoglobin in the molten globule and native states has been obtained.
		It has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated that the molten globule state is involved in some physiological process such as the transfer of hydrophobic ligands and interaction with chaperones.
		It has been shown that the molten globule state can be formed at mild denaturing conditions in the cell.
	phys.protres.ru /results.html (918 words)

	Native and Partially Unfolded Proteins: Neutron Inelastic Scattering and Simulations
		A molten globule (M G) is a compact partially folded protein, with a backbone resembling the completely folded protein, but lacking the extensive specific side-chain packing interactions of the native-like (i.e., properly folded) structure.
		The model molten globule state was generated by partially unfolding the protein at 500 K at atmospheric pressure until the radius of gyration reached the experimental value determined for the molten globule state (10 % expansion).
		For the molten globule state, a significant increase in the protein fluctuation amplitudes is observed, in agreement with the broadening of the I N S spectra.
	www.ncnr.nist.gov /programs/CHRNS/chrns_highlights/native (938 words)

	Protein Misfolding and Aggregation - Isis Innovation Newsletter - Edition 27
		Partly-folded proteins, such as molten globules, have been difficult to study using high resolution NMR techniques because of the conformational heterogeneity and lack of specific tertiary contacts of these states.
		The molten globule can be unfolded in a stepwise manner by the addition of urea; this unfolding is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the number of resolved peaks.
		The alpha-lactalbumin molten globule unfolds in a non-cooperative manner in urea.
	www.isis-innovation.com /about/newsletter/spring99_3.html (1850 words)

	details
		An in vitro peptide folding model suggests the presence of the molten globule state during nascent peptide folding.
		Although molten globules have been widely accepted as a general intermediate in protein folding, there is no clear evidence to show their presence during nascent peptide folding.
		The nascent peptide folding of the nuclease is a hierarchical process that at the very least includes the following steps: secondary structure accumulation, pre-molten globule state, molten globule state, post-molten globule state and finally the native state.
	cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn /ChinaPaper/details.asp?PubMedID=10679528 (149 words)

	info: Molten_globule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Formation of the Molten Globule-Like State of Cytochrome c Induced by n -Alkyl Sulfates at Low Concentrations A. Moosavi-Movahedi +,1, J. Chamani 1, Y. Two-State Transition Between Molten Globule and Unfolded States of...
		Protein FoldingThe second stage involves the formation of the native state from the molten globule state; specific tertiary structure is assembled with precise hydrophobic interactions and...
		Great Information on Arc WeldingThe tip is a electric conductor and so is the molten globule spray at the tip, so the globule spray is altered by magnetic forces acting at 90 degrees (sideways in most cases) to the direction of the...
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Molten_globule.html (350 words)

	Alzforum: News
		Molten globules retain many features of the native state’s secondary structure, but do not adopt its tertiary structure, and they have more internal mobility than the fully folded protein.
		Researchers are increasingly beginning to detect molten globules and realize that they can play important roles in physiological processes such as protein trafficking and translocation across membranes, Morrow et al.
		One of the differences is protein stability and the formation of a molten globule state mentioned in the news story.
	www.alzforum.org /new/detail.asp?id=744 (4984 words)

	Abstract of Ph.D. Theses,Biosciences
		Conformational and Thermodynamic Characterization of the Molten Globule State of Horse Cytochrome c.
		Since stable molten globule state of many protiens are now identified as general intermediates in protein folding, it is then useful to characterize molten globule state of a protein observed under various denaturing conditions.
		The other important question about the molten globule state that we have addressed in this work is whether the molten globule state is a specific thermodynamic state of a protein, or whether it is thermodynamically similar to the denatured state.
	jmi.nic.in /Research/ab2003_bioscience_beenumoza.htm (1069 words)

	Optical fiber termination - Patent 4135781
		The protruding bared fiber 16 is cut close to the jewel, e.g., with wire cutters, and the cut end is fused in a flame to form a globule as shown in FIG.
		The molten globule is then pressed by an inert, e.g., carbon, tool (not shown) so as to deform the globule against the jewel into the shape of a rivet head (FIG.
		The fiber end is then lapped and polished flush with the watch jewel 12 leaving an enlarged conical portion 21 which mates with the conical throat of the aperture 17 so as to hold the fiber symmetrically therein.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4135781.html (1223 words)

	Molten Globule of Human -Lactalbumin: Hydration, Density, and Compressibility of the Interior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Molten Globule of Human -Lactalbumin: Hydration, Density, and Compressibility of the Interior
		The molten globule is a highly hydrated state containing about 270 water molecules inside.
		Water inside the molten globule interior occupies less volume and is less compressible than in solvent phase.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/1997/36/i07/abs/bi960264r.html (200 words)

	Matouschek Lab Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Proteins in the molten globule state lack defined tertiary structure but retain secondary structural elements.
		It has been suggested that the molten globule state is the transport-competent form of proteins.
		Since low pH induces molten globule formation in many proteins mitochondria could use the environment to convert proteins into the molten globule form during the first steps of protein import.
	www.biochem.northwestern.edu /matouschek/moreresearch.htm (1623 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Length-dependent prediction of protein intrinsic disorder
		While the distinction between the molten globule and the two extended forms is fairly clear, the distinction between the pre-molten globule and the random coil-like forms is less certain.
		That is, several pre-molten globules have been observed to convert to molten globules by all-or-none transitions, suggesting that these partially folded conformations likely represent discrete forms [10].
		Furthermore, the pre-molten globule to random coil-like transition is featureless [10,12], suggesting that these two forms lie on a continuum with regard to the degree of backbone extension.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2105/7/208 (9316 words)

	The Protein Physics Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This theory forms a basis of rational classification of protein structure and reduces the problem of prediction of the protein folding pattern to the choice of the most appropriate folding pattern from their limited set.
		1988-1999. It has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated that the molten globule state is involved in some physiological process such as the transfer of hydrophobic ligands and interaction with chaperones.
		This approach has been applied to measure distances in the molten globule state of apomyoglobin; they coincided with those in the native state.
	phys.protres.ru /old_phys/welcome.html (1038 words)

	Molten globule
		A molten globule (MG) is an intermediate state in the folding pathway of a protein that has some secondary and tertiary structure, but lacks the well packed amino acid side chains that characterize the native state[?] (N) of a protein.
		That the products of de novo protein design[?] have been found to be molten globules instead of native state proteins is an issue in the design of purely synthetic proteins.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mo/Molten_globule.html (153 words)

	The Perturbations of the Native State of Goat alpha -Lactalbumin Induced by 1,1'-Bis(4-Anilino-5-Naphthalenesulfonate) ...
		adopted by the molecule is not that of a molten globule, as shown
		of the secondary structure are dissipated in the molten globule
		that the hydrophobic clusters of the molten globule are accessible
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/75/5/2195 (5300 words)

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