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Topic: Molybdates

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	Molybdenum - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Several hydrated forms of the oxide are known, and a colloidal variety may be obtained by the dialysis of a strong hydrochloric acid solution of sodium molybdate.
		The molybdates are also capable of combining with other oxides (such as phosphorus and arsenic pentoxides) yielding very complex salts.
		The molybdates may be recognized by the fact that they give a white precipitate on the addition of hydrochloric or nitric acids to their solutions, and that with reducing agents (zinc and sulphuric acid) they give generally a blue coloration which turns to a green and finally to a brown colour.
	20.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MO/MOLYBDENUM.htm (1057 words)

	CT 4/97 Improved corrosion - inhibiting pigments
		Molybdates are classified as anodic or passivating inhibitors.
		Calcium molybdates are considered more compatible and stable in water-based coatings because their solubility is lower than that of zinc molybdates.
		Molybdates, particularly phosphomolybdate pigments, are important alternatives to lead- and chromate-based corrosion inhibitors.
	pubs.acs.org /hotartcl/chemtech/97/apr/improv.html (1226 words)

	Article Archives
		Molybdates are often referred to as "chromate substitutes," since they function in a manner similar to this classic inhibitor.
		Often molybdate is used in combination with nitrite to provide better protection at lower molybdate and nitrite concentrations.
		Although molybdates are accepted as being less toxic than chromate, the EPA is more closely looking at the environmental impact of molybdates.
	www.water-technology.com /article.asp?IndexID=5230109 (1513 words)

	Molybdate Coatings for Protecting Aluminum Against Corrosion
		Conversion coatings that comprise mixtures of molybdates and several additives have been subjected to a variety of tests to evaluate their effectiveness in protecting aluminum and alloys of aluminum against corrosion.
		Molybdate conversion coatings are under consideration as replacements for chromate conversion coatings, which have been used for more than 70 years.
		Overall, the test data have been interpreted as signifying that molybdate conversion coatings show promise for protecting aluminum and its alloys against corrosion, but that further development will be necessary to attain protection equal to that afforded by chromate conversion coatings.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Jan05/KSC12346.html (407 words)

	Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society - Electrometric investigations on formation of lanthanum molybdates as a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The precise nature of the reaction between lanthanum nitrate and sodium molybdate at specific pH levels 7.6, 5.5 and 4.1 has been studied by means of electrometric techniques involving potentiometric and conductometric titrations, in aqueous and alcoholic media using each reagent as titrant.
		Although a large number of studies have been done in the field of molybdate chemistry, the chemical state of isopolymolybdates, obtained on acidification of a molybdate solution, is not well understood because of the complexity in polymerization.
		When a basic molybdate solution at millimolar or higher concentrations is acidified, the molybdate ions have been found to condense in definite steps, as evidenced by the foregoing electrometric study, to form different isopoly-molybdate species.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50532004000200014&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en (2086 words)

	ClimaxMoly: Applications
		Molybdate, usually in the form of Sodium Molybdate, is used as an anodic corrosion inhibitor in a number of aqueous systems, such as cooling water treatments, and automobile anti-freeze/coolant products.
		Molybdate inhibits corrosion of steel, cast iron, aluminum, copper, brass, cadmium and solder, and is usually used synergistically with other corrosion inhibitors.
		Molybdate reduces smoke from burning PVC by cross-linking the plastic to form a surface char.
	www.climaxmolybdenum.com /Products/Chemical/Applications_Moly.htm (522 words)

	Smart.Conseil : Molybdene et ceramique / molybdenum and ceramics
		Il forme facilement des molybdates insolubles avec les oxydes alcalino-terreux et basiques.
		Son emploi de même que celui des molybdates basiques et alcalino-terreux comme agent de mouillage et d'accrochage est surtout pratiqué en émaillerie de tôles et de fonte.
		It is, just as basic and alkaline-earth molybdates, mainly used as a wetting and binding agent in cast iron and iron/steel sheet enamelling.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /smart2000/molybdene.htm (2344 words)

	molybdenum
		The oxide may be added directly to steel or may be converted to ferromolybdenum by a thermal process; this alloy is used to add molybdenum to other iron and steel alloys.
		The oxide may be further purified by sublimation, or converting directly from the solid to vapor state, and then reduced to molybdenum powder by reaction with carbon, aluminum, or hydrogen.
		Useful compounds of molybdenum include molybdenum disulfide, used as a lubricant; ammonium molybdate, used in chemical analysis for phosphates; and lead molybdate, used as a pigment in ceramic glazes.
	www.infoplease.com /cgi-bin/id/A0833657.html (511 words)

	PolyurethaneWeb: Polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives, elastomers and equipment. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Suitable reaction temperatures are generally 150 DEG to 210 DEG C. Specified inert diluents are trichlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, naphthalene and its chlorinated derivatives, quinoline, benzophenone, and nitrobenzene.
		The preferred catalysts are molybdates such as alkali metal or ammonium molybdates, phospho-molybates, or tungsto-molybdates and suitable amounts of such catalysts are from 0.1 to 2 per cent of the weight of the total reaction mixture.
		It is stated that metallic copper or other copper salts may be used as metal donors instead of cuprous chloride, and that aluminium acetate, magnesium nitrate or chloride and nickel nitrate may be used to replace aluminium chloride, magnesium oxide, and nickel chloride respectively.
	www.polyurethaneweb.com /patents.php?patno=&pubdate=&titel=&abstract=&no=143761&aktion=2&order=DA (298 words)

	Less-Toxic Coatings for Inhibiting Corrosion of Aluminum
		The concentrations of the solutes in the sealing solutions can range from 0.05 to 10 weight percent, treatment times can range from 2 to 10 minutes, and treatment temperatures can range from 50 to 80 °C. Finally, the workpiece is rinsed with deionized water, then dried in air for several days.
		The other family of processes is based on the treatment of suitably prepared aluminum-alloy workpieces with conversion solutions that contain molybdate (MoO
		The prepared workpiece is then treated in an aqueous conversion solution that contains between 1 and 3 weight percent of molybdate ions plus, optionally, small percentages of any or all of the following ingredients: fluorides, oxyanions associated with high-valence transition-metal cations, silicates, borates, phosphates, and/or nitrates.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Dec03/KSC12114.html (588 words)

	Catalysis SubGroup
		X-ray single crystal diffraction determined that this series of compounds possesses a unique charge balance mechanism, in which variations in the V/Mo ratio are charge balanced by an appropriate increase or decrease in the concentration of the M2+ cation.
		Our work is also focused on how trivalent metal oxides differ from divalent oxides in multicomponent vanadates and molybdates.
		Raman Mo=O stretching frequencies were shown to be consistent with assignments made in previous surface studies of molybdate catalysts.
	www.chem.northwestern.edu /~poeppel/CATBlurb.html (903 words)

	PCB
		Much of my research is therefore focused on the mechanisms and likelihood of incorporation of radionuclides into the structures of uranyl minerals, as well as their ion-exchange properties.
		Krivovichev, S.V. and Burns, P.C. (2002): Crystal chemistry of uranyl molybdates.
		New uranyl molybdate units in the structures of Cs4[(UO2)3O(MoO4)2(MoO5)] and Cs6[(UO2)(MoO4)4].
	www.nd.edu /~pburns/pcb/pcb.htm (3251 words)

	Isomolybdate conversion coatings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The aqueous alkali metal molybdates are selected from sodium molybdate (Na.sub.2 MoO.sub.4), lithium molybdate (Li.sub.2 MoO.sub.4), potassium molybdate (K.sub.2 MoO.sub.4), or combinations thereof, with the most preferred alkali metal molybdate being sodium molybdate.
		The concentration of alkali metal molybdates in the solution is preferably less than 5% by weight.
		In addition to the alkali metal molybdates, the conversion coating solution may include alkaline metal passivators selected from lithium nitrate (LiNO.sub.3), sodium nitrate (NaNO.sub.3), ammonia nitrate (NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3), and combinations thereof; lithium chloride, potassium hexafluorozirconate (K.sub.2 ZrF.sub.6) or potassium hexafluorotitanate (K.sub.2 TiF.sub.6).
	www.lynntech.com /licensing/patents/6432224.shtml (165 words)

	Simon Hibble, School of Chemistry, University of Reading
		, colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) manganates and disordered molybdates.
		References to this work can be found in my 1999 publication list below.
		This includes a review of the my use of total neutron scattering to determine both the average structure, from Bragg scattering, and the local structure, from Fourier transformation of the total diffraction pattern, in the study of a series of structurally complex disordered crystalline molybdates.
	www.chem.rdg.ac.uk /dept/staff/inorg/sjh.html (1009 words)

	Directory of open access journals
		Electrometric studies on uranyl molybdates as a function of pH
		The formation and composition of uranyl molybdates obtained by the interaction of uranyl acetate and sodium molybdate at specific pH levels 7.6, 5.5 and 4.1 have been studied by employing electrometric techniques involving pH and conductometric titrations.
		The results provide cogent evidence for the formation of three uranyl molybdates having the molecular formulae UO2O.MoO3, 3UO2O.7MoO3 and 2UO2O.8MoO3 in the vicinity of pH 5.7, 4.6 and 3.8, respectively.
	www.doaj.org /abstract?id=22583&toc=y (107 words)

	mo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Molybdenum is a low sensitivity nucleus that yields moderately sharp lines over a very wide chemical shift range.
		It may be used to study the chemistry of molybdates and molybdenum complexes.
		Each type of signal has a characteristic chemical shift range.
	drx.ch.huji.ac.il /nmr/techniques/1d/row5/mo.html (204 words)

	Article Archives
		Growth will also result from the increasing use of environmentally acceptable, higher-priced, proprietary organic corrosion inhibitors.
		The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ban of chromates in 1994 and subsequent industry-wide replacement have opened the door for higher-priced and better-performing corrosion inhibitors, such as nitrites and molybdates.
		These products are making steady inroads into the market, replacing lower priced traditional products based largely on generic, inorganic chemicals, such as phosphates and heavy metal compounds.
	www.waternet.com /article.asp?IndexID=5210303 (521 words)

	BIOAVAILABILITY OF COPPER PROTEINATE AND COPPER CARBONATE RELATIVE TO COPPER SULFATE IN CATTLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The second experiment was designed to determine the bioavailability of different Cu sources when 5 ppm of Mo was added to the diet.
		A form of Cu that is insoluble in the rumen, but becomes soluble further down the digestive tract such as in the abomasum might resist interactions with thio molybdates and be more bioavailable than Cu sources that are soluble in the rumen.
		Both CuCO3 and CuProtC have the desirable characteristics of low water solubility coupled with a high solubility in acid.
	www2.ncsu.edu /unity/project/www/ncsu/cals/an_sci/ann_rep94/jdwar54.html (745 words)

	The Mineral Gallery - Minerals by Class
		Carbonates Class: The Carbonates, the Nitrates and the Borates.
		Sulfates Class: The Sulfates, the Sulfites, the Chromates, the Molybdates, the Selenates, the Selenites, the Tellurates, the Tellurites and the Tungstates (or the Wolframates).
		Phosphates Class: The Phosphates, the Arsenates, the Vanadates and the Antimonates.
	mineral.galleries.com /Minerals/By_Class.htm (118 words)

	NS3789en - New Spreadsheet Application Aids Process Chemistry Simulation
		Those who are unfamiliar with thermodynamic science will find it useful for engineering purposes or research, even in small businesses.
		Such applications which fall into this category could be phase mapping of metals and alloys, even ceramics, for annealing and sintering; examining the behaviour of mercury in combustion processes and flue gases; studying the precipitation of molybdates or other trace elements in the lime cycle; or the pH and electrolyte chemistry of process solutions.
		For those who are familiar with multi-phase thermodynamics, the software allows for a multitude of thermochemical applications using the most common Excel spreadsheet techniques, such as phase mapping in complex systems and target calculations or extensive property balancing to examine heating value/temperature relations or precipitation/dissolution conditions.
	www.eibis.com /eibis/eibiswww/eibisdoc/3798en.htm (629 words)

	US Corrosion Inhibitors Market Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Higher-value, multi-functional and specialty blends will continue to replace low-cost commodity chemicals in most markets.
		Organic-based products will remain the largest type in value terms, although molybdates and silicates will experience faster growth.
		It presents historical data for 1992, 1996 and 2001 and forecasts to 2006 and 2011 by product (e.g., azoles, amines, nitrites, phosphates, molybdates, phosphonates, silicates, chromates); and by market.
	www.businessinfo.ws /archive/BIAABOAM.htm (269 words)

	ICDD - Grant-in-Aid > Recipients - International Centre for Diffraction Data
		X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Phosphates, Vanadates, and Molybdates
		U.S.A. X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Molybdates and Borates
		XRPD Patterns of Alkali Metals and Anilinum Molybdates
	www.icdd.com /grants/giarec.htm (3503 words)

	Nubiola \| Inorganic Pigments - Who we are
		ZINC CHROMATES, ORANGE AND RED MOLYBDATES and CHROME YELLOWS production in Colombia begins.
		Construction of the first Group factory environmental control plants.
		Purchase of Colores Hispania, S.A. (Spain), manufacturing specialists of non-toxic activated anticorrosives, lead chromates and molybdates.
	www.nubiola.com /pag_nubiola_eng/quienes_somos.asp (379 words)

	Selective (Amm)Oxidation of Propene on Bismuth Molybdates: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		As a first step, we are examining the selective oxidation of propene to acrolein for which there is some experimental data relating to mechanism.
		One of the most active and selective catalysts is based on bismuth molybdate.
		The mechanism of this reaction has been proposed as:
	www.wag.caltech.edu /anmeeting/2000/presentations/jang (201 words)

	oxysalt
		Crystallography and crystal-chemistry of natural and synthetic selenates, chromates (including di-, tri- and tetrachromates), molybdates and tungstates
		This research is related to my following interests:
		O] and the new triclinic structure types of AgSc(CrO
	www.univie.ac.at /Mineralogie/oxysalt.htm (444 words)

	AAA Molybdenum Products, Manufacturer of Quality Molybdenum Reagents and Rhenium Chemicals for Labs and Industry, ...
		Check out our Molybdenum 'Reagents Online' Store for fast secure purchases of our fine Molybdenum reagents.
		We also manufacture most other Molybdates and Molybdenum compounds, and several Rhenium chemicals.
		Click on "Other Molybdenium Chemicals" or "Rhenium Chemicals "
	www.aaamolybdenum.com (67 words)

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