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Topic: Molybdenum

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - MOLYBDENUM
		Molybdenum is extraordinarily versatile: It forms compounds with most inorganic and organic ligands and has oxidation states from (–II) to (VI) and coordination numbers from 4 to 8.
		The fundamental challenge of molybdenum chemistry, and the source of its continuing interest, is the subtle interplay of oxidation state, coordination number, and ligating atom, and their impact on structure and reactivity, as well as the potential for applications of molybdenum compounds.
		The database is a primer for molybdenum biochemistry.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/molybdenum.html (731 words)

	ChiroFind.com \| tell me about molybdenum
		Molybdenum is essential for the proper function of certain enzyme-dependent processes, including the metabolism of iron.
		Molybdenum deficiency is virtually nonexistent in the U.S. and is usually seen only in people who have been on prolonged tube or intravenous feeding or have a genetic inability to metabolize molybdenum.
		Molybdenum cofactor deficiency in a patient previously characterized as deficient in sulfite oxidase.
	www.chiroweb.com /find/tellmeabout/molybdenum.html (398 words)

	REMBAR Molybdenum Technical Info (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Molybdenum can be furnished in many mill forms such as wire, ribbon, foil, plate, sheet, rod, billet, slab, bar, extruded shapes, tubes, and powder.
		Molybdenum should be oxidized by rapid heating, maintained at high temperature for a short period.
		Molybdenum used for sealing glass is principally used in the form of wire and rod from about.040 inches in diameter and larger.
	www.rembar.com /Molybdenum.htm (1122 words)

	Molybdenum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Molybdenum is a chemical element in the periodic table.
		Molybdenum ranges are pigments ranging from red-yellow to a bright red orange and used in paints, inks, plastics, and rubber compounds.
		In animals molybdenum is a cofactor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase which is involved in the pathways of purine degradation and formation of uric acid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Molybdenum (1121 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 4, Mineral Deficiency And Toxicity
		Molybdenum (Mo) is a transition metal that forms oxides and is a component of a pterin coenzyme essential for the activity of xanthine oxidase, sulfite oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase.
		This disorder was due to the child's inability to form the molybdenum coenzyme despite the presence of adequate molybdenum.
		The intake of molybdenum varies from 100 to 500 µg/day and is derived principally from organ meats, whole-grain cereals, and legumes.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter4/4i.htm (196 words)

	Molybdenum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Molybdenum is also recovered as a by-product of copper and tungsten mining operations.
		Molybdenum is valuable as a catalyst in the refining of petroleum.
		Molybdenum sulfide is useful as a lubricant, especially at high temperatures where oils would decompose.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/molybdenum.html (282 words)

	Minerals ~ Molybdenum
		Molybdenum is an essential constituent of two enzymes found in humans: xanthine oxidase, which is involved in uric acid formation, and aldehyde oxidase, which catalyzes the chemical oxidation of aldehydes.
		Molybdenum is an antagonist to copper absorption, as is copper to molybdenum absorption.
		Molybdenum deficiencies in humans have not been conclusively linked to any specific set of symptoms; however, one source indicates that a high incidence of cancer of the esophagus may be the result of low molybdenum intake.
	www.springboard4health.com /notebook/min_molybdenum.html (392 words)

	Molybdenum (Mo) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Molybdenum is a valuable alloying agent, as it contributes to the hardenability and toughness of quenched and tempered steels.
		Molybdenum powders are used in circuit inks for circuit boards, and in microwaves devices and heat sinks for solid-state devices.
		Molybdenum differs from the other micronutrients in soils in that it is less soluble in acid soils and more soluble in alkaline soils, the result being that its availability to plants is sensitive to pH and drainage conditions.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Mo-en.htm (543 words)

	Molybdenum disulfide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The structure, appearance, and feel of molybdenum disulfide is similar to graphite - a sandwich of layers of molybdenum atoms between the layers of sulfur atoms.
		During the Vietnam war, molybdenum disulfide, known as "dry slide", was used for lubricating troop's weapons; the military refused to supply it, as it was "not in the manual", so it was sent to soldiers by their parents and friends privately.
		A composite coating of molybdenum disulfide and titanium nitride was created on the surface of parts by chemical vapor deposition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Molybdenum_disulfide (438 words)

	Mo
		Molybdenum (Mo) is a refractory metallic element used principally as an alloying agent in steel, cast iron, and superalloys to enhance hardenability, strength, toughness, and wear and corrosion resistance.
		Molybdenum metal powder is produced by hydrogen reduction of the pure molybdic oxide or ammonium molybdate.
		Molybdenum is sold on a spot basis in a variety of forms including molybdenum oxide, molybdate (a salt), and ferromolybdenum (an iron alloy containing up to 60 percent molybdenum).
	www.chemistry.pomona.edu /Chemistry/periodic_table/Elements/Molybdenum/molybdenum.htm (1417 words)

	Molybdenum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Molybdenum is considered safe through a wide range of intakes (up to 15 mg per day), but it can interfere with the absorption of copper.
		Molybdenum is needed to convert purine to uric acid, and excessive intake could, in rare cases, cause gout-like symptoms, such as joint pain and swelling.
		Molybdenum cofactor deficiency in a patient previously characterized as deficient in sulfite oxidase.
	www.vitaminevi.com /Supp/Molybdenum.htm (287 words)

	Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University
		The biological form of molybdenum present in almost all molybdenum-containing enzymes (molybdoenzymes) is an organic molecule known as the molybdenum cofactor (2).
		Current understanding of the essentiality of molybdenum in humans is based largely on the study of individuals with very rare inborn errors of metabolism that result in a deficiency of the molybdoenzyme, sulfite oxidase.
		Molybdenum in nutritional supplements is generally in the form of sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate (12).
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/minerals/molybdenum (1625 words)

	molybdenum. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In alloy, steel molybdenum acts as a hardening agent and also improves the properties of the alloy at high temperatures; such alloys are used in making high-speed cutting tools, aircraft parts, and forged automobile parts.
		Useful compounds of molybdenum include molybdenum disulfide, used as a lubricant; ammonium molybdate, used in chemical analysis for phosphates; and lead molybdate, used as a pigment in ceramic glazes.
		Molybdenum was recognized as a distinct element in 1778 by K. Scheele; its ore had earlier been confused with lead ore, hence its name.
	www.bartleby.com /65/mo/molybdnm.html (479 words)

	RAIS: Molybdenum (7439-98-7)
		Molybdenum is an important component of the flavoprotein xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of purines to uric acid.
		Molybdenum intake was estimated to be 10-15 mg/day and copper intake 5-10 mg/day.
		Molybdenum trioxide is irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract (Venugopal and Luckey, 1978).
	risk.lsd.ornl.gov /tox/profiles/molybdenum_f_V1.shtml (5630 words)

	ENIVA: Molybdenum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Molybdenum (symbol Mo) is a transition metal that is found in the earth’s soil.
		Molybdenum has also been implicated in helping to promote healthy and normal cellular replication.* Due to molybdenum’s role in aldehyde oxidase, it may play a role in the detoxification of some carcinogenic xenobiotics.* A xenobiotic is a totally synthetic product not naturally occurring in nature (i.e.
		Molybdenum is also involved in cofactors that are required for enzyme activity by some of the good bacteria of the large intestine.
	www.eniva.com /products/mfl_molybdenum.html (981 words)

	Molybdenum Information
		Molybdenum is an essential trace element in humans and is required for enzyme activity as a cofactor.
		Signs of molybdenum deficiency are mouth and gum disorders, hypouricemia, hyperoxypurinemia, mental disturbance, and coma, as seen in patients with 'acquired molybdenum deficiency' resulting from parenteral methionine therapy.
		One aspect of gout related to molybdenum is decreased uric acid excretion caused by molybdenum and sulfur binding to copper in the kidneys.
	www.vitaminherbuniversity.com /topic.asp?categoryid=2&topicid=1026 (574 words)

	Molybdenum Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Molybdenum metal was isolated and proven to be a new element in 1790 by P.J. Hjelm, drawing on the earlier work of Scheele.
		In the 1800's, molybdenum was used primarily in dyes and the preparation of certain chemical compounds, but little else was done with it.
		Tests designed to evaluate molybdenum's ability to replace tungsten as an additive in tool steel were unsuccessful, primarily because of sulphur and phosphorus impurities in the molybdenum.
	www.molybdenum.com /molyinfo/molyinfo.html (366 words)

	Molybdenum
		Originally molybdenum was confused with graphite and lead ore, and was not prepared till 1782 by Hjelm in the impure state.
		Above temperatures of 760°C (1400°F) molybdenum the metal forms an oxide that evaporates as it is formed and its resistance to corrosion is high.
		Molybdenum sulphide and selenites are used as a high temperature lubricant in favour to petroleum based oils, due to its superior high temperature resistance.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=616 (451 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Molybdenum
		Molybdenum is also obtained as a byproduct of mining and processing tungsten and copper.
		Molybdenum is also used as a catalyst in the refining of petroleum.
		Molybdenum is primarily used as an alloying agent in steel.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele042.html (214 words)

	USGS Minerals Information: Molybdenum
		Molybdenum (Mo) is a refractory metallic element used principally as an alloying agent in steel, cast iron, and superalloys to enhance hardenability, strength, toughness, and wear and corrosion resistance.
		To achieve desired metallurgical properties, molybdenum, primarily in the form of molybdic oxide or ferromolybdenum, is frequently used in combination with or added to chromium, columbium (niobium), manganese, nickel, tungsten, or other alloy metals.
		The versatility of molybdenum in enhancing a variety of alloy properties has ensured it a significant role in contemporary industrial technology, which increasingly requires materials that are serviceable under high stress, expanded temperature ranges, and highly corrosive environments.
	minerals.usgs.gov /minerals/pubs/commodity/molybdenum (220 words)

	Molybdenum (CASRN 7439-98-7), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		When the dietary molybdenum was added to the molybdenum from the drinking water, the NOAEL for the Denver subjects was 4 ug/kg-day and 8 ug/kg-day for Golden subjects, assuming a 2-L/day water consumption and a 70-kg body weight.
		Molybdenum is an essential dietary nutrient which is a constituent of several mammalian enzymes including xanthine oxidase, sulfite oxidase and aldehyde oxidase (NRC, 1989).
		Molybdenum was increased to 8000 mg molybdenum/kg in increments of 1000 mg molybdenum/kg.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0425.htm (2899 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - MOLYBDENUM (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Molybdenum: The two largest uses of molybdenum are as an alloy in stainless steels and in alloy steels-these two uses consume about 60% of the molybdenum needs in eh United States.
		Molybdenum was discovered by the Swedish scientist, Peter Hjelm in 1781, three years after Carl Scheele proposed that a previously unknown element could be found in the mineral molybdenite.
		Molybdenum has uses as catalysts, paint pigments, corrosion inhibitors, smoke and flame retardants, dry lubricant (molybdenum disulfide) on space vehicles and resistant to high loads and temperatures.
	resourcescommittee.house.gov /subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/descriptions/descMolybdenum.html (1007 words)

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