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Topic: Monarch butterfly

	Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus)
		The monarch butterfly is an attractive insect that has reddish-orange wings, with a fl border and white spots along the edges.
		The monarch is also called the "milkweed butterfly" because during the larval (or caterpillar) stage it eats the milkweed plant.
		From egg stage to adult stage 8 or 9 months will have passed, although the monarchs that hatch in the spring or summer may live only 4 to 6 weeks, depending on the temperature and climate they are born into.
	www.thebigzoo.com /Animals/Monarch_Butterfly.asp (565 words)

	Monarch Butterfly - EnchantedLearning.com
		The Monarch is a common poisonous butterfly that eats poisonous milkweed in its larval stage and lays its eggs on the milkweed plant.
		Male monarchs have a dark spot (scent scales) on the hindwing and have small claspers at the end of the abdomen.
		Some groups of Monarchs migrate for over 2,000 miles during August-October, flying from Canada and the USA to overwinter in coastal southern California to the transvolcanic mountains of central Mexico; this was determined by the Canadian scientist Dr. Fred A. Urquhart in 1975.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/butterfly/species/Monarch.shtml (1167 words)

	Western Monarch Over-Wintering Habitats
		Unlike their cousins the Eastern Monarch butterfly which over-winters in Mexico and is protected by Presidential Decree,California's American Western Monarch butterfly habitats continue to be threatened by industrial and urban development, pesticides, pollution, human intervention and the aging and subsequent decline of suitable groves.
		Studies suggest that the Monarch butterflies circadian biological clock is like a four dimensional clock knowing how to compensate for the hourly and daily movement of the sun across the sky.
		The Daniel Boone Butterfly Palace’s goal is to build a live butterfly conservatory and an American Western Monarch Education and Rare Butterfly Research Center on California’s Central Coast where the largest habitats are located; and to bring maximum general public education and awareness to California’s vital western monarch butterfly major regular over-wintering habitats.
	www.butterflypalace.org /page6.htm (480 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Monarch
		A serious attempt was begun in 1937 to determine where most Monarchs overwintered, when Fred Urquhart and his wife Norah released thousands of individual butterflies with paper tags glued to their wings, requesting finders of the insects to send them back to the Zoology Department at the University in Toronto, Canada.
		Monarch Watch is a collaborative network of students, teachers, volunteers, and researchers investigating aspects of the Monarch Butterfly migration phenomenon and its biology.
		The goals of Monarch Watch are to further science education, particularly in primary and secondary schools, to promote conservation of Monarch Butterflies, and to involve thousands of students and adults in a cooperative study of the Monarchs' fall migration.
	www.si.edu /resource/faq/nmnh/buginfo/monarch.htm (562 words)

	Monarch Butterfly
		Monarch eggs are deposited on the underside of milkweed leaves and hatch, depending on temperature, in three to twelve days.
		Emerging at last from the transparent case, the monarch waits until its wings stiffen and dry and then flies away to continue the propagation of the species.
		In either the caterpillar or butterfly stage the monarch needs no camouflage because it takes in toxins from the milkweed and is poisonous to predators.
	www.nature.ca /notebooks/english/buttfly.htm (177 words)

	The Monarch Butterfly
		The objective of the gallery is to teach students about the life cycle of a butterfly and to show specific characteristics of monarchs.
		Monarchs are orange and fl with white and brown spots along their wings.
		The average size of an adult monarch butterfly is about 10 centimeters in length.
	gladstone.uoregon.edu /~aheisler/monarchbutterfly/monbutterfly1.htm (545 words)

	Monarch Butterfly Facts
		The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), a brightly patterned fl and orange butterfly, is one of the most fascinating insects in the world.
		The adult monarch is orange with fl stripes radiating from the point of attachment of the wings to the thorax.
		Monarchs are believed to guide themselves during migration using the position of the sun and the magnetic field of the earth.
	www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us /4th/kkhp/1insects/monarchfax.html (1035 words)

	Monarch Metamorphosis, Butterfly Life Stage Development * Rose Franklin's Perennials
		Butterflies and moths have four stages of life: egg, larva (the caterpillar stage), pupa (the chrysalis phase), and adult.
		The butterfly clings to its empty chrysalis shell as hemolymph, the blood-like substance of insects, is pumped through its body.
		Four to six days after emerging from its chrysalis, a monarch butterfly is old enough to mate.....and so begins the life cycle of of the next generation.
	www.butterflybushes.com /monarch_metamorphosis.htm (670 words)

	Pismo Beach Visitor Information Guide - Pismo Beach, California
		The "Butterfly Trees" of Pismo Beach are one of our most beloved attractions From late October through February, thousands of colorful Monarch butterflies cluster in the limbs of Eucalyptus and Monterey Pines in the area, giving the appearance of yellow and orange leaves.
		The Butterflies may travel over the Sierras and west of the Rockies as far away as Canada to seek protection here in the groves of Monterey Pine and Eucalyptus that offer shelter from the wind and a foliage that the Butterflies can clasp with their sharp tarsal claws.
		If a Butterfly is dislodged it may fall victim to insects or field mice, since it cannot fly at temperatures much lower than 55 degrees, and at a temperature lower than 40 degrees, it is unable to move at all.
	www.classiccalifornia.com /monarch.htm (866 words)

	Minnesota Secretary of State - State Butterfly
		The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), also known as the milkweed butterfly, was adopted as the state’s official butterfly in 1998.
		Approximately four generations of monarchs are born in Minnesota each summer and live roughly four weeks; the exception is the last generation of the season, which survives about six months.
		This male monarch (distinguishable from his female counterparts by the thin fl webbing throughout his wings and two highly visible fl spots on his hind wings) was photographed on Lake Superior’s north shore near Illgen City.
	www.sos.state.mn.us /student/butterfly.html (151 words)

	Monarch Butterfly Migration
		The first and most simple explanation is that like migratory birds, monarch butterflies migrate to warmer climates to escape from the upcoming cold weather and the food shortage that will result from the temperature fall.
		Monarchs have no control over what happens to their environment, they can only respond to what changes occur, which usually means either surviving or dying.
		Monarch populations are particularly vulnerable in their overwintering sites in the high-altitude fir forests of the Transvolcanic Range of Mexico; only two of the eleven known roosting sites are well protected from logging (Brower and Malcolm 1991).
	butterflywebsite.com /Articles/uminn/monarchs.html (1585 words)

	SAVE THE MONARCH
		Monarch butterflies are on their long trip south to their overwintering site in the mountains of Mexico.
		In central Iowa, the monarch activity began increasing in late July 1997, and by mid-August, the monarchs appeared to be readying for the migration south.
		The monarch caterpillar in one of the smaller photographs is on a Common Milkweed.
	www.drake.edu /monarch (2700 words)

	Monarch Butterfly Website
		The monarch butterfly is one of the best known of all North American butterflies because they make annual migrations across America to avoid winter weather.
		Monarch butterflies and their amazing annual migration are seriously threatened by human activities, in both their summer and overwintering sites.
		Also, the Monarch Butterfly Sanctuary Foundation whose mission is to provide financial and scientific support for preserving the overwintering ground of eastern Monarch butterflies.
	www.monarch-butterfly.com (617 words)

	Monarch Picture Story
		The monarch butterfly is sometimes called the "milkweed butterfly" because its larvae eat the plant.
		Monarch butterflies follow the same migration patterns every year.
		The toxins from the monarch's milkweed diet have given the butterfly this defense.
	www.kidzone.ws /animals/monarch_butterfly.htm (542 words)

	Monarch butterfly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Monarchs are foul-tasting and poisonous due to the presence of cardenolides in their bodies, which the caterpillars ingest as they feed on milkweed.
		The Monarch is the state insect of Alabama, Idaho, Illinois, and Texas, and the state butterfly of Minnesota and West Virginia.
		The Monarch is a supervillain from the Adult Swim cartoon The Venture Bros. He claims to have been raised by Monarch butterflies after surviving a plane crash that killed his parents, although his mannerisms and personality demonstrate almost no knowledge of their biology or behavior.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monarch_butterfly (1299 words)

	NYSite West Side - Monarch Butterfly
		As a butterfly it is a sipping insect.
		MIGRATION: While the monarch butterflies are in the north, during the spring and summer, as many as six generations will go through the above life cycle in Canada and the U.S. Temperature and length of daylight affect their life cycle.
		Monarch butterflies have been depicted in the artwork and crafts of the Indians since before the time of Columbus.
	www.nysite.com /nature/fauna/monar.htm (1049 words)

	Monarch Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Monarch butterflies begin to appear along the California coast early in October, when the first chill of fall and a decline in nectar signal the need to migrate to the south to escape the killing cold of northern winters.
		The butterflies may travel over the Rockies and the Sierra, from as far away as Canada, to seek protection here in groves of Monterey pine and eucalyptus that offer shelter from the wind and a foliage that the butterflies can clasp with their sharp tarsal claws.
		On warm, calm winter days the Monarchs leave their clusters to search for food of about 90% water and 10% nectar, which is supplied by the eucalyptus during its blooming period of October through November.
	pt-lobos.parks.state.ca.us /nathis/Monarch.htm (607 words)

	NSiS: Monarch Butterflies
		Monarchs (Danaus plexippus) are one of three milkweed butterflies commonly found in Florida.
		Monarchs are probably the most easily recognized butterfly, not only by their bright orange and fl wings, but also due to the publicity that arises from their migrations.
		Monarchs migrating from the north to winter in Mexico can be seen passing through the Florida panhandle in October and November.
	www.nsis.org /butterfly/butterfly-sp-milk-monarch.html (339 words)

	Monarch Butterfly
		The Monarch butterfly is undoubtedly the most recognized butterfly in the United States.
		The butterflies from east of the Rocky Mountains head to a 30x50 mile patch of forest in the mountains of south-central Mexico.
		Monarch eggs are laid by the Queen, or female.
	www.martinsetc.com /id307.htm (1232 words)

	BioKIDS - Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species, Critter Catalog, Danaus plexippus, monarch butterfly
		Monarch butterflies are found in North America, South America, the Caribbean, Australia, New Zealand, islands in the Pacific Ocean, Mauritius, the Canary Islands of the Atlantic, and Western Europe.
		Monarch butterflies that live in the west go to parts of California during the winter.
		"Orientation of Autumn Migration in the Monarch Butterfly".
	www.biokids.umich.edu /critters/Danaus_plexippus (849 words)

	Monarch Butterflies in Big Sur California
		Monarch Butterflies return to Big Sur in October and migrate north in January.
		This monarch butterfly weighs less than 1 gram, yet it migrated thousands of miles to find a suitable home for the winter.
		For the male Monarch (left) Notice the thin vein pigmentation and swollen pouches on the hindwings.
	www.bigsurcalifornia.org /monarchs.html (495 words)

	NatureWorks - Monarch Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The monarch butterfly is reddish-orange with fl vein-like markings.
		The bright orange of the monarch is a type of advertising coloration that warns predators away.
		In the spring and summer, the monarch butterfly's habitat is open fields and meadows with milkweed.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/monarch.htm (664 words)

	Where Do Butterflies Come From?
		Butterflies use these "feelers" to learn about their environment.
		Glue the butterfly to one end of the tongue depressor or ice-cream pop stick.
		Butterflies go four stages of life, but they only look like butterflies in the final stage.
	www.hhmi.org /coolscience/butterfly/index.html (283 words)

	National Geographic News @ nationalgeographic.com
		Environmental disruptions throughout the monarch’s vast range have turned the wondrous passage into “an endangered biological phenomenon,” warns Lincoln Brower, research professor of biology at Virginia’s Sweet Briar College and the continent’s foremost authority on monarch migration.
		Monarchs are also threatened by insecticides and other methods used to control insect pests.
		“Monarchs are not showing a profound tailspin,” says Ann Swengel, co-editor of the July 4th Butterfly Count, an annual survey of breeding butterfly populations, sponsored by the North American Butterfly Association.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2000/11/1122_monarchs.html (1396 words)

	Monarch Butterflies in Pacific Grove - Pelican Network
		hen the fifth generation, the long-living (8 month) butterfly is born in Canada in late summer, and immediately migrates south to sanctuaries in California.
		Originally, the Monarchs came to the Monterey Pines and Cypress that are here in one of only the few habitats in the world for these trees.
		There she is, going out into the forest everyday, as a volunteer, paid by some inner meter, and sharing some wonderful insight about nature with some uninitiated visitors, who surely will be touched for the better by the experience.
	www.pelicannetwork.net /monarch.butterfly.pacific..htm (1166 words)

	Monarch Lifecycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Monarchs live for about 9 months, but they don't always look like butterflies.
		Monarchs are caterpillars for a couple of weeks.
		The Aztec believed the adult Monarch butterflies to be the incarnation of their fallen warriors, wearing the colors of battle.
	www.thewildones.org /Animals/monarch.html (204 words)

	Butterfly releases - Release butterflies at butterfly-themed wedding or events
		It is a special meaning for all to watch as your butterflies are released, and your vows are taken up to the heavens to be granted.
		We are one of the largest butterfly farms in North America and we take great care in producing some of the largest and friendliest Monarch and Painted Lady butterflies in the world.
		By releasing butterflies at your wedding or special event, it helps to educate the public by raising their awareness to the beauty and magic of these wonderful creatures.
	www.butterflyevents.com (133 words)

	NATURE: Alien Empire - Voyagers
		Monarch butterflies have one of the world's most fascinating migration paths.
		Of course, the butterfly's actual flight distance was even longer than a map suggests, because the insects don't fly in a straight line.
		While the group isn't sure how many of the 1998 tags actually made it onto butterflies' wings, at least 35 marked monarchs were spotted at their wintering grounds in Mexico.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/nature/alienempire/voyagers.html (407 words)

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