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Topic: Monarch Islands

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Monarch
		A serious attempt was begun in 1937 to determine where most Monarchs overwintered, when Fred Urquhart and his wife Norah released thousands of individual butterflies with paper tags glued to their wings, requesting finders of the insects to send them back to the Zoology Department at the University in Toronto, Canada.
		Monarch Watch is a collaborative network of students, teachers, volunteers, and researchers investigating aspects of the Monarch Butterfly migration phenomenon and its biology.
		The goals of Monarch Watch are to further science education, particularly in primary and secondary schools, to promote conservation of Monarch Butterflies, and to involve thousands of students and adults in a cooperative study of the Monarchs' fall migration.
	www.si.edu /Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/monarch.htm (562 words)

	Monarch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most monarchs are raised within a royal family where they are taught to expect and obey their future "duties," and they are, formally or informally, succeeded upon their death or abdication by members of their own family, usually their eldest son or eldest child.
		Today, almost all monarchies are hereditary monarchies in which the monarchs come from one royal family with the office of sovereign being passed from one family member to another upon the death or abdication of the incumbent.
		In a few cases a monarch is associated with a particular group (or nation) within a state, such as Te Arikinui Te Atairangikaahu of the Maori (the Maori Queen) and Osei Tutu II of the Ashanti.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monarch (2267 words)

	Journey North: Monarch Butterfly
		Yes, monarchs are found in many places throughout the world, but they probably originated in the Americas, and were spread either with the help of humans or on their own to other places.
		Monarchs are found in many places throughout the world, but they probably originated in the Americas, and were spread either with the help of humans or on their own to other places.
		When monarchs moved into areas that had cold winters, they never evolved the ability to tolerate these winters, and need to migrate to warmer locations.Many people think that monarchs evolved in the tropics, and just move north each spring to take advantage of all the milkweed we have in the summertime.
	www.learner.org /jnorth/search/MonarchNotes3.html (3109 words)

	Monach Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Monach Islands, also known as Heisker (Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Heisgeir), are an island group west of South Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.
		The islands are a National Nature Reserve and are known for their grey seal population, and also have a large number of nesting seabirds and a rich flora.
		The islands are home to a small, unstaffed light, built to replace a lighthouse which was abandoned in 1943.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monarch_Islands (192 words)

	Wikipedia: Monarch
		A female monarch is called queen, or in full "reigning queen" or "queen regnant", to distinguish from "queen consort," the wife of a king.
		In a few cases a monarch is associated with a particular group (or nation) within a state, such as Te Arikuini Te Atairangikaahu of the Maori (the Maori Queen) and Osei Tutu II of the Ashanti.
		There are also elected monarchs of elected monarchies, and dictators who proclaim themselves rulers of a self-proclaimed monarchy.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/m/mo/monarch.html (555 words)

	Monarch Butterfly - EnchantedLearning.com
		The Monarch is a common poisonous butterfly that eats poisonous milkweed in its larval stage and lays its eggs on the milkweed plant.
		Male monarchs have a dark spot (scent scales) on the hindwing and have small claspers at the end of the abdomen.
		Some groups of Monarchs migrate for over 2,000 miles during August-October, flying from Canada and the USA to overwinter in coastal southern California to the transvolcanic mountains of central Mexico; this was determined by the Canadian scientist Dr. Fred A. Urquhart in 1975.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/butterfly/species/Monarch.shtml (1167 words)

	Monarch Butterfly
		The Biogeography of the Monarch Butterfly (Dannaus plexippus)
		The distribution of the monarch is controlled by the distribution of milkweed, it regulates their density in a given area, and it is for this plant that the monarchs migrate for long distances every year.
		The monarch, Danaus plexipus, and the viceroy, Limenitis archippus archippus.
	bss.sfsu.edu /geog/bholzman/courses/fall99projects/Monarch/monarch.htm (2177 words)

	Monarch Butterfly Ecology
		Monarchs were first seen on Hawaii in the 1840's, and then throughout many South Pacific islands in the 1850's and 1860's (Ackery and Vane-Wright 1984).
		One possibility is that monarchs were transported by ships, either as larvae that found their way onboard from shipyard milkweed plants, or as adult monarchs that happened to land on ocean-going vessels.
		The extent to which milkweed protects monarchs from non-vertebrate predators is not completely understood, but a recent finding that wasps are less likely to prey on monarchs consuming milkweed with high levels of cardenolides suggests that this defense is at least somewhat effective against invertebrate predators (Rayor 2004).
	www.ecology.info /monarch-butterfly.htm (977 words)

	Encyclopedia: Solomon-Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Solomon Islands is a Constitutional Monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom recognised as the head of the State of Solomon Islands, a Commonwealth Realm.
		Temotu is the easternmost province of the Solomon Islands.
		The national flag of Solomon Islands is divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner representing the sun; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue representing the blue sky with five white five-pointed stars in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green representing the greeny patch of lands.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Solomon_Islands (4130 words)

	monarch
		The Hawaiian islands are great place to study evolution because of the islands are very isolated, the islands have many small habitats one relatively small islands, and introductions to the islands are reasonably well documented.
		Shortly thereafter the monarch was detected in the Hawaiian islands.
		Decline in the frequency of the white morph of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus plexippus L., Nymphalidae) on Oahu, Hawaii.
	www.explorebiodiversity.com /Hawaii/biodiversity/monarch.html (364 words)

	The magnificent migrating monarch
		Monarchs can be taken hundreds of kilometres off course and still find their way to their destination.
		The monarch’s life cycle is an amazing story in itself: the adult lays an egg, and from the egg, a caterpillar hatches.
		It is not likely that monarchs would have had programmed into them, from the beginning of creation, the exact route of their journey, but rather the capacity to establish such migration patterns and carry them out.
	www.answersingenesis.org /creation/v20/i1/monarch.asp (1551 words)

	Monarch Watching
		Monarchs east of the Rocky Mountains fly south to the forests high in the mountains of Mexico in the state of Michoacan (150miles west of Mexico City near El Rosario).
		Monarchs are the only butterflies to make such a long, two-way migration every year.
		In late summer and early fall, Monarchs emerging from their pupae, or chrysalides, are biologically and behaviorally different from those emerging in the summer.
	www.fairharbor.com /do/do_monarch_migration.htm (662 words)

	Biogeography of Eastern Polynesian Monarchs (Pomarea): an Endemic Genus Close to Extinction - Science - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The phylogeny of Pomarea monarchs is consistent with the sequential appearance of the Marquesas islands.
		The age of an island is the maximum age for a population inhabiting it under the assumption that the birds colonized the island shortly after its emergence.
		The diversification of the Marquesas monarchs follows a northsouth pattern that corresponds to the sequence of appearance of the islands in the archipelago.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display/?id=106628 (6715 words)

	O. Orkin Insect Zoo: The Travels of Monarch X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was one of thousands of Monarchs tagged by Dr. Fred Urquhart of the University of Toronto, Canada, in his interesting studies of butterfly migration.
		Certainly, the Monarchs that fly south in autumn do not travel by familiar landmarks because they are not the same butterflies that came north in the spring.
		Monarch X was unharmed; it had escaped the hungry shrew.
	insectzoo.msstate.edu /Curriculum/Activities/monarchx.html (3255 words)

	Cook Islands Biodiversity : Cook Islands' Largest Butterfly - the Monarch
		In the Cook Islands the butterfly is present all the year round, while in North America it undertakes a remarkable migratory journey that takes four or five generations to complete each year.
		Monarch Butterflies cannot hibernate and therefore they must migrate from cold regions, like southern Canada and most of the USA, to tropical areas, like Mexico or southern California.
		In August the monarchs that develop in southern Canada and in central and eastern USA do not reach sexual maturity, and the nectar they drink is stored as fat rather than used to make eggs.
	cookislands.bishopmuseum.org /showarticle.asp?id=21 (854 words)

	Monarch Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Monarch Islands, also known as Heisker (Scottish Gaelic : Eilean Heisgeir), are an islandgroup west of South Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.
		The islands have been uninhabited since 1948, but were inhabited by up to 100 people forcenturies leading up to 1810.
		The islands are known for their grey seal population, and also have a largenumber of nesting seabirds and a rich flora.
	www.therfcc.org /monarch-islands-201770.html (173 words)

	Monarchs
		Monarchs are often characterized by broad, flattened bills with a slightly hooked tip, a subterminal maxillary notch, rictal bristles and rounded nostrils (Sibley 1996).
		I adhere to the more traditional views that the Monarchs are their own family, and also retain the Magpie-larks as their own family.
		It is apparent, however, that monarchs reach their highest diversity in the Australasian and adjoining regions, with many species scattered throughout the Indonesian and Philippine islands, including birds which such wonderful names as the Cerulean Paradise-Flycatcher Eutrichomyias rowleyi and the recently rediscovered Celestial Monarch Hypothymis coelestis.
	www.montereybay.com /creagrus/monarchs.html (1422 words)

	Interesting Facts
		The monarch butterfly is believed to have reached some of the islands it has colonized by hanging into ship riggings.
		The monarch has six legs, and its body is divided into three segments: head, thorax and abdomen.
		Monarchs have striking, fl and white stripes and yellow spots.
	home.wi.rr.com /monarchraising/page12.htm (241 words)

	American Museum of Natural History
		Since the time of Charles Darwin in the 19th century and even earlier, islands and their flora and fauna have held a special fascination for scientists and naturalists, in part due to islands' rich biodiversity and the large proportion of species found on single islands and nowhere else on Earth.
		The distribution of island birds, in particular, has been studied extensively and used to inform biological understanding of the formation of new species (speciation) and of broad evolutionary processes, including why certain species occur where they do regionally (biogeography).
		This result, in combination with other patterns of island diversity, has led scientists to assume that island biotas are the result of a one-way flow of colonists from continents to islands and island chains, or archipelagos.
	www.amnh.org /science/papers/bird_biodiversity.php (864 words)

	About BugNetMAP - University of Massachusetts
		Monarch's live for an average of 6 months or more.
		While most insects hibernate, the monarch is the only species of butterfly which actually flies to warmer weather (migrates)during winter to a warmer climate.
		Monarchs from Illinois spend their winters in California and Mexico.
	www.umass.edu /ent/BugNetMAP/arthropod.html (417 words)

	Monarch Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This orange butterfly is recorded on all the main Hawaiian Islands, with a white form on O`ahu and in Kona, Hawaii, and a rare brown form on Kaua`i.
		Monarch butterflies have a very short life of six to eight weeks and go through a complete change called metamorphosis in what looks like four distinct stages - egg, larva, pupa, adult.
		Egg - the size of a pinhead with longitudinal ridges is usually laid on the underside of a new leaf near the top of a milkweed plant (like the crown flower, balloon plant, or butterfly weed).
	www.hilozoo.com /animals/AI_monarch.htm (134 words)

	The Monach Islands
		The main islands of Ceann Ear and Ceann Iar and Shivinish are protected from the force of Atlantic storms by little Shillay, the westernmost island.
		It is thought that the islands may have been attached to the island of North Uist at one time, with the land being washed away sometime in the sixteenth century.
		The Monach islands became a National Nature Reserve in 1966 and are home to a large number of nesting seabirds and over 200 flowering plants and grasses.
	www.monachs.com (276 words)

	Monarch in our midst - San Juan Nature Notebook By Susan Vernon
		Monarchs may take three or four generations to complete the journey north and down south again.
		Monarchs are breeders in eastern Washington where the plant thrives.
		It is possible that other monarch butterflies have visited the San Juans and simply have not been seen, or have been seen but not photographed for verification.
	www.sanjuanislander.com /columns/nature-notebook/6.shtml (955 words)

	Monarch Airlines - Book a cheap flight to Lanzarote today.
		The Canary Islands are a Spanish archipelago, marooned in the Atlantic, off the West Coast of Morocco.
		Monarch gives you convenient, low cost flights to Lanzarote that you can book direct - either here on the website, by telephone, or alternatively by contacting your travel agent.
		However, our low cost flight prices aren't the only benefit as Monarch is committed to providing a quality service, with experienced, professional staff who are amongst the best trained and most courteous in the industry.
	www.flymonarch.com /cnt/destinations/lanzarote-flights.asp (318 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests (AA0102)
		The Banda Islands are part of the inner arc, whereas the rest of the ecoregion is part of the outer arc.
		Although many of these islands are tiny and uninhabitable, the bird populations are seriously threatened by predatory rats and cats that have been accidentally released onto these islands and by the removal of their eggs for sale by fishers traveling through this area (Whitten and Whitten 1992).
		We created the Banda Sea Islands Moist Deciduous Forests [AA0102] by combining the islands in the Kai and Tanimbar archipelagos, which were distinguished as a biogeographic unit by Monk et al.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/aa/aa0102_full.html (1093 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Western Hemisphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Cayman Islands are, however, part of the consular district administered by the U.S. embassy in Kingston, Jamaica.
		The Cayman Islands' political system is very stable, bolstered by a tradition of restrained civil governance, sustained economic prosperity, and its relative isolation from foreign policy concerns by virtue of its colonial relationship with the United Kingdom.
		The Cayman Islands Court of Appeal is the highest court on the islands, but a final appeal may be heard by Her Majesty's Privy Council sitting in London.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/wha/caymans9605.html (2025 words)

	Seeno Homes: Building New Homes Since 1938 in Contra Costa County, the Entire East Bay, and Throughout Northern ...
		Monarch's seven models are sized for comfortable and expansive living, with 1,800 to 4,400 square feet of thoughtful design with the best in quality construction.
		Monarch Ranch favors GE appliances in stylish fl or white as a standard for the kitchen, including GE gas ranges and timesaving Potscrubber® dishwashers.
		Monarch Homes are to be enjoyed, and to that end, stained oak cabinetry is the choice standard for the kitchen and baths, complemented by chrome plumbing and lighting fixtures.
	www.seenohomes.com /press/pr_december04.html (741 words)

	Monarch Watch Update - February 2006
		What appear to be returning migrant monarchs are usually reported from Texas at the end of the first week of March and it is common for numerous monarchs to reach the Austin area at the end of the 2nd week of March.
		The main path taken by returning monarchs extends through this region and at present the drought is ranked as extreme or exceptional for this entire area.
		Monarch Watch is a not-for-profit educational outreach program based at the University of Kansas.
	www.monarchwatch.org /update/2006/0228.html#1 (2777 words)

	Cheap flights to the Canary Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The largest Canary Island is Tenerife at 794 square miles, with a population of 60,000.
		To the north of the island, sub-tropical vegetation flourishes and large plantations of bananas and pineapples grow on terraced slopes.
		The island's capital town, Santa Cruz de Tenerife is a modern, cosmopolitan city and the main port.
	www.monarch-cheap-flights-spain.co.uk /flights-to-canary-islands.htm (861 words)

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