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Topic: Monarchy in the Irish Free State

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	jottings: Irish Republican Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Physical force Irish republicanism as an ideology had a long history, from the United Irishmen of the 1798 and 1803 rebellions, to the Young Irelander rebellion of 1848 and the Irish Republican Brotherhood of 1867.
		However the term Irish Republican Army in its modern sense was first used in the second decade of the 20th century from the merger of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizens Army after the Easter Rising.
		Many Irish people today believe that the Rising and its leaders had public support, but some historians dispute this view; there were calls for the execution of the ringleaders in the major Irish nationalist daily newspaper, the 'Irish Independent', and local authorities also sought the ringleaders.
	fuckmba.blogspot.com /2006/01/irish-republican-army.html (4113 words)

	Ireland, Irish Republic, Republic of Ireland, Éire, embassy, embassies
		The revolutionary state established by nationalists in 1919 was known as the "Irish Republic", while when the state achieved de jure independence in 1922 it became known as the "Irish Free State" (in the Irish language Saorstát Éireann), a name that was retained until 1937.
		The new Irish Free State was in theory to cover the entire island, subject to the proviso that Northern Ireland (which had been created as a separate entity under the Government of Ireland Act 1920) could opt out and choose to remain part of the United Kingdom, which it duly did, to no-one's surprise.
		Irish governments have sought the peaceful reunification of Ireland and have usually cooperated with the British government in the violent conflict with the Provisional IRA in Northern Ireland known as the "Troubles".
	www.allembassies.com /ireland.html (1892 words)

	Irish Republican Army - MSN Encarta
		It had previously been a propaganda organization lobbying for a dual monarchy system but, as the most extreme group that was publicly known, it was assumed to be behind the rebels.
		The resultant Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 6, 1921, split the country into the Irish Free State in the south and a loyalist Northern Ireland in the north.
		The anti-Treaty IRA, or the Irregulars, disagreed with the terms of the Treaty, which made the Irish Free State a dominion within the British Commonwealth; they wanted an independent republic and disputed the authority of the negotiators and the Dáil to conclude such a treaty that did not grant this status.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575144/IRA.html (1710 words)

	Irish Free State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorstát Éireann) (1922–1937) was the name of the state comprising the 26 of Ireland's 32 counties that were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and Irish Republic representatives in London on December 6, 1921.
		The King in Ireland was represented by a Governor-General of the Irish Free State, The office replaced the previous Lord Lieutenant, who had headed English and British administrations in Ireland since the Middle Ages.
		A tiny minority of Irish people, usually attached to small parties like Sinn Féin and Republican Sinn Féin, denied the right of the twenty-six county state to use the name 'republic', referring to the twenty-six county state as the 'Free State', its citizens 'Free Staters' and its government the "Free State" or "Dublin" Government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_Free_State (2276 words)

	The Colonial Venture of Ireland, Part 1
		Irish history has been likened to the cry of wind through a ruined house because so much of it deals with destruction and the breaking of a whole into parts.
		Irish warriors, without helmet or armor, fell quickly before Strongbow’s horsemen, who were clad in mail and armed with quick-firing bows.
		As the Irish starved, their land was reassigned to prominent Englishmen &# 151; such as Sir Walter Raleigh — who established a form of feudalism by which the Irish lived as tenants on land they had formerly owned.
	www.fff.org /freedom/fd0405e.asp (2366 words)

	Monarchy in the Irish Free State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under the Free State constitution, the state was governed under a form of constitutional monarchy.
		The Free State government also assumed full responsibility for its foreign affairs, as the King began, for the first time, to conclude treaties on behalf of the state and to accept the credentials of international ambassadors to the Irish state.
		The first occasion on which King formally concluded a treaty on the Free State's behalf was in 1931, when George V signed a treaty presented to him by the Free State's Minister for External Affairs, Patrick McGilligan, in the absence of a British minister.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Irish_Free_State (1138 words)

	Irish Stamps
		On the Irish Stamp the Lady Liberty is depicted in front of the GPO and carries the Irish "tri-colour" (green, white and orange) rather than the French colors (blue, white and red).
		Irish Volunteers, the military wing of the IRB, became known as the Irish Republican Army or the IRA.
		The Irish Republican Brotherhood largely remained loyal to Michael Collins but the IRA split into a pro-treaty faction that became the Free State Army and an anti-treaty faction that continued to call itself the Irish Republican Army.
	web.umr.edu /~greggjay/irstamp.html (2810 words)

	Irish Immigration to Maryland
		It has one archbishop, residing in Baltimore, who is the Metropolitan of the church in the United States; one hundred and ninety-five priests, and one hundred and twenty-five churches; thirty-five chapels and stations, and a very large number of religious institutions, both male and female, all in a most flourishing condition.
		Irish arriving in Maryland, as elsewhere in America, faced discrimination, prejudice, and often poverty.
		As early as 1704 a tax of 20 shillings was levied on Irish immigrants arriving in Maryland as servants.
	oriole.umd.edu /~mddlmddl/791/communities/html/irisha.html (1919 words)

	History of Ireland - Irish Nationalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although the Irish were subsequently free from foreign invasion for 150 years, interdynastic warfare continued to drain their energies and resources.
		The Free State was to consist of the 23 southern counties of Leinster, Munster and Connacht and three counties in Ulster (Cavan, Monaghan and Donegal).
		The actual division was over the role of the Crown in the Treaty settlement; in particular an Oath of Allegiance 'to the Irish Free State by law established' which promised fidelity to King George V as part of the Treaty settlement.
	www.irish-nationalism.net /forum/showthread.php?t=827 (3977 words)

	The History of Freedom in Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The action of the state was confined to narrow limits; but, besides his position as head of the state, the king was surrounded by a body of followers attached to him by personal or political ties.
		Monarchy exerted a charm over the imagination, so unlike the unceremonious spirit of the Middle Ages that, on learning the execution of Charles I, men died of the shock; and the same thing occurred at the death of Lewis XVI and of the Duke of Enghien.
		State and Church were swept away; new institutions were raised up under the ablest ruler that had ever sprung from a revolution; and England, seething with the toil of political thought, had produced at least two writers who in many directions saw as far and as clearly as we do now.
	acton.org /publicat/books/freedom/christianity.html (8066 words)

	Government Interventionism in Ireland, Part 1
		Explanation of such obstinacy typically is presented in terms of Protestants’ fear of losing a centuries-old dominant position in Irish society, blind political loyalty to the British crown, and deeply felt religious bigotry.
		The Protestant businessmen of Ulster knew, from a century of evidence, that free trade and limited government were the keys to wealth and prosperity.
		Under Sinn Fein’s proposal for dual monarchy, Britain and Ireland would remain wed in a “United Kingdom”; under the British monarch, but governed by separate parliaments, effectively placing government of the island in the hands of its Irish Catholic majority.
	www.fff.org /freedom/fd0405d.asp (1890 words)

	V.F.: Ireland and Ulster (1939) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The importance of the Irish question is increased manifold by the presence in America, England, and Australia of millions of Irish proletarians, whose attitude toward our movement is largely dependent upon our position on Ireland.
		The demand of the Irish that Britain withdraw her garrison from Ulster is not the demand for the self-determination of an oppressed people; it is a demand for a hunting license to shoot Protestants.
		Irish revisionism has driven the British population into the arms of Toryism: only the Tories can be counted on to block reunification.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/document/ireland-fi/ulster.htm (1763 words)

	Irish Nationalism
		One of the devastating results of the shutting out of the Irish Catholic majority from participation in political and economic life until the 19th century was that "Ireland came to occupy a different period of time to that occupied by England;" what Brian Cleeve refers to as the "time-warp factor" (16).
		He believed in the Irish instinct for the center, that in their faith in their own experience and the fact of their survival, their culture had the power to reflect and recreate their continuity.
		Such a process is the heart that circulates the life-blood of a culture and the dominant theme of nationalism that Irish literature explores and reflects in all its facets is proof of the culture's continuing vitality.
	www.cyberpat.com /shirlsite/essays/Irish.html (3661 words)

	ENTC 311 - Irish history
		The first Society of United Irishmen (consisting mostly of Protestant Irish nationalists) is established in Belfast, followed by one in Dublin; it was suppressed by British prime minister William Pitt, who was justifiably concerned about an alliance between the Irish and the French (another enemy of England).
		This is the time when the Irish Republican Army takes to the countryside with violence that looks as much like a civil war as a war against England.
		The six counties of Ulster were kept within the British union, a point that rankled with some of the Irish nationalists who had hoped to unite all of Ireland as separate from England.
	www.ibiblio.org /sally/Irish-history.html (2299 words)

	Center for Religious Freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The relation of church and state in the United States is unique, but it would be a mistake to think that other countries simply deny religious freedom or that they have nothing to teach us.
		While extreme religious or secular states are the worst violators of religious freedom, the amazingly varied systems in western Europe show that nominal separation of church and state in any given country may tell us little about its religious freedom.
		Recognized religions may call on the state to help them collect taxes from their members (who are free to leave these churches and escape the tax burden).
	www.freedomhouse.org /religion/news/bn2004/bn-2004-01.htm (2115 words)

	Tracing the Scots-Irish
		To the English monarchy, the Lowland Scots were preferable to the Irish Catholics.
		Dissenters could not be married, baptized or buried with the assistance of any minister who was not ordained by the church of the state.
		It wasn't until the Irish immigrants of the 1845-49 potato famine arrived that this group began distinguishing themselves as Scots-Irish.
	www.barlowgenealogy.com /Resources/scots-irish.html (1705 words)

	Charles A. Coulombe: Monarchy in Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first was the growth of Catholic Emancipation; the second was the perception on the part of many of the most pious that the republics coming into existence in America and France were far more of a threat to the Faith than the British at their worst.
		The reason was simple: it was in Munster that most of the Irish soldiers in the service of France were recruited, and from their relations the Munstermen had first hand knowledge of what the Revolutionaries really intended for Church and State.
		The reverse is also true: Monarchy cannot long hold the affections of its people without being firmly anchored in their religious traditions.
	www.cheetah.net /~ccoulomb/monarchyinaustralia.html (3202 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This article is about the prior state; for the modern state, see Republic of Ireland.
		But, crucially, it was the republicans and some independent Nationalists who led opposition to the idea of compulsory military service for Irish men in the conscription crisis of early 1918.
		The Irish Free State sent a team to the British Empire Games in 1934 in London.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Irish_Free_State (2412 words)

	Irish Milled Coinage (1680 - 1823)
		The alternate opinion is that the shortage of change in Ireland as the regal coppers had not been issued since 1755 was the reason for the issue and the 'voice of the people' refers to their need for change.
		As is the way with such things the Irish forged coppers with US attributable legends such as 'George President' or 'George Washington' (instead of 'Georguis III Rex') are much more sought after than the coins with Irish or English references in their legends despite being no more scarce.
		By the early 1800's the poor state of the currency in Ireland was placing a severe restriction on the functioning of the Irish economy with a mixed variety of foreign coins of varying quality silver content making up the middle tier of the circulating coinage.
	www.irishcoinage.com /MILLED.HTM (2861 words)

	Advanced Placement U.S. Government and Politics; Glossary of Political Terms
		Federal grants to the states and local communities that are for general use in a broad area, such as community development.
		In practice, this means that a judgment obtained in a state court in a civil (non-criminal) case must be recognized by the courts of another state.
		War Powers Act 1973 act that states that a president can commit the military only after a declaration of war by the Congress, by specific authorization by Congress, if there is a national emergency, or if the use of force is in the national interest of the United States.
	www.whc.net /irish/government/ap/glossary.htm (11531 words)

	The Irish Government - Government of Ireland Facts
		The National Parliament (in the Irish language, Oireachtas) consists of the President (an tUachtarán) and two Houses: a House of Representatives (Dáil Éireann) and a Senate (Seanad Éireann).
		It is the successor of the Constitution of Dáil Éireann (1919) and the Constitution of the Irish Free State (1922).
		The population of the island as a whole is just under 6 million(2006), 4.20 million live in the Irish Republic and 1.7 million live in Northern Ireland.
	www.proud2beirish.com /Irish-Government.htm (350 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing by William Hughes, former Solictor General for the City of Baltimore
		One of its earliest racist laws, enacted in 1367, was the "Statute of Kilkenny." It prohibited intermarriage between the British and (Gaelic) Irish under penalty of death.
		The Irish peasant farmers that survived were forced to pay rent to their usurpers.
		Cromwell's evil idea that Irish Catholics were "barbarous wretches" has, too, unfortunately, passed into the British mindset.[15] Parliament reacted to Cromwell's crime against humanity in Ireland by passing an infamous Resolution that legitimized ethnic cleansing.
	www.artbabyart.com /article/ethniccleansing.htm (2379 words)

	History of Ireland Jewelry Rings Celtic Ireland story allcladdagh
		In 1800 the Irish Parliament was abolished and direct rule from London began.
		The famine was a watershed for the Irish nation, changing forever its outlook and dispersing a large proportion of the population around the world.
		Before the famine the Irish had been reluctant to emigrate, in the decades after the famine Irish emigration figures rose dramatically.
	www.irish-discount.com /history-story.htm (1110 words)

	Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)
		A. In Government, the focus is on the principles and beliefs upon which the United States was founded and on the
		The student understands the roles played by local, state, and national governments in both the public and private sectors of the U.S. free enterprise system.
		The student understands the relationship between government policies and the culture of the United States.
	www.whc.net /irish/government/ap/elements.htm (1865 words)

	WFI THEME LINKS WEBPAGE
		Early in the year 1831, the National Congress gave Belgium a constitution which organized the new state as a...
		The oldest, historically reliable information about the monarchy in Sweden is the narrative about the Svear kingdom which stems...
		The Scottish monarchy ceased to exist in 1707 after the Act of Union.
	www.worldfreeinternet.net /theme/theme2.htm (971 words)

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