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	Battle of Monte Cassino - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Monte Cassino (also known as the Battle for Rome and the Battle for Cassino) was a costly series of battles in World War II, fought by the Allies with the intention of breaking through the Gustav Line and seizing Rome.
		During three failed attempts to take the heavily-guarded monastery of Monte Cassino (January 17–25, February 15–February 18, March 15–March 25), the forces of the USA, the UK, France, India, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand lost approximately 54,000 men yet did not manage to seize the town or the hills overlooking the Rapido River valley.
		The Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino was fought by the 2nd Polish Corps under General Władysław Anders (May 11–May 19) and the 4th Indian Division of the British Army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino (1110 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Monte Cassino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		MONTE CASSINO [Monte Cassino], monastery, in Latium, central Italy, E of the Rapido River.
		Situated on a hill (1,674 ft/510 m) overlooking Cassino, it was founded c.529 by St. Benedict of Nursia, whose rule became that of all Benedictine houses in the world.
		Monte Cassino was throughout the centuries one of the great centers of Christian learning and piety; its influence on European civilization is immeasurable (see Benedictines).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/MonteC1as.asp (350 words)

	MONTE CASSINO
		Cassino, Italy in foreground with Castle Cassino on small hill and the Monte Cassino Monastery on the large hill behind.
		The town of Cassino, about 85 miles southeast of Rome, was a mile east of Monte Cassino, the 1700 foot hill top that guarded the entrance to the Liri valley, the most expeditious route to Rome on Route 6.
		The town of Cassino was flattened by the bombing and artillery bombardment.
	www.olive-drab.com /od_history_ww2_ops_battles_1944cassino.php (1249 words)

	cassino.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Monte Cassino was surrounded by other peaks and hills, directly behind the town stood Castle Hill, crowned by a crumbling fort known to the Allies as point 192.
		On the 14th, leaflets were dropped onto the monastery telling the occupants and refugees that the allies had decided to bomb Monte Cassino and surrounding German positions from the air.
		The 3rd Regiment HQ was situated in a cave on the lower slopes of Monastery Hill and was refuge to 80-90 paras sheltering from the bombing.
	www.eagle19.freeserve.co.uk /cassino.htm (4883 words)

	The Southern Cross: Monte Cassino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Cassino town was first bombed on September 10, 1943, when targets all along the Garigliano river were hit.
		The Allies were convinced that the Germans were using the monastery on Monte Cassino as a strongpoint, which the Germans strongly denied.
		At this moment the Hermann Göring Panzer Division are plundering the treasures of the monastery of Monte Cassino.
	www.thesoutherncross.co.za /features/cassino.htm (1357 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Have Your Say \| Monte Cassino anniversary: Your memories
		The battle for Monte Cassino, which had begun in January, went on to be one of the hardest-fought of World War II, eventually leaving a quarter of a million people dead or wounded.
		He was in the forefront of the Monte Cassino debacle, and said it was pure hell and a totally unnecessary waste of young lives.
		Cassino was one of the toughest battles in Western Europe
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/talking_point/3486985.stm (2327 words)

	Tour of Italy - The Abbey of Montecassino - Mainpage
		The Monte cassino Monastery was founded by St. Benedict about 529 A.D. on the remnants of a pre-existing Roman fortification of the Municipum Casinum.
		Around 577, the monastery was destroyed by the Longobards of Zotone, Duke of Beneventum, but early in the eighth century Pope Gregory II commissioned the Brescian Petronace to rebuild the monastery.
		In 883, the Saracens invaded and sacked the Monastery and burnt it down, causing the death of Bertarius its saint Abbot, Founder of medieval Cassino.
	touritaly.org /tours/montecassino/cassino01.htm (586 words)

	OSB. General. Saint Benedict of Nursia. Text only version
		St. Benedict did not establish the monastery of Monte Cassino in order to preserve the learning of the ages, but in fact the monasteries that later followed his Rule were places where learning and manuscripts were preserved.
		This is evident in the Rule which he wrote for monasteries and which was and is still used in many monasteries and convents around the world (see Rule of Benedict).
		Later, perhaps in 529, he moved to Monte Cassino, about eighty miles southeast of Rome; there he destroyed the pagan temple dedicated to Apollo and built his premier monastery.
	www.osb.org /gen/bendctxt.html (996 words)

	Monte Cassino, Italy. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		of the Benedictine Order, founded by Saint Benedict in 529[?] A.D. sits on a hill overlooking the town of Monte Cassino upon the boundaries of Samnium and Campania, on the river Liris.
		King Totila's visit to Monte Cassino, in 543, is the only certain date we have in the saint's life.
		Monte Cassino was destroyed by the Lombards ca.
	oratory.tripod.com /tour/cassino.html (169 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Monte Cassino: Italian bloodbath
		The allies were fighting their way up from southern Italy towards Rome, and the monastery of Monte Cassino stood at the strongest point of a powerful German defensive line.
		The second was preceded by the bombing of the 1,400 year-old Benedictine monastery of Monte Cassino, the third by the obliteration of the town of Cassino.
		Monte Cassino, The Story of the Hardest-fought Battle of World War II, by Matthew Parker was published by Headline in 2003.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/3487075.stm (692 words)

	Saint Meinrad :: Monastery : Monte Cassino Shrine
		The small chapel of Monte Cassino is located on a hill near the Archabbey.
		Surrounded by trees and panoramic views of the Anderson Valley, the shrine dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary is a testament to the age-old tradition of seeking God.
		The history of Monte Cassino Shrine tells how a novena to Our Lady of Monte Cassino is credited for saving the village of St. Meinrad from a smallpox epidemic in 1871.
	www.saintmeinrad.edu /monastery_shrine.aspx (204 words)

	Amazon.com: Monte Cassino : The Hardest-Fought Battle of World War II: Books: Matthew Parker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The abbey of Monte Cassino sits on the peak of a steep slope overlooking the Liri Valley, which is the most direct approach to Rome from the south.
		The monastery was a repository of numerous artistic treasures and priceless manuscripts.
		Monte Cassino is one of those rare stories of war that reaches into your heart and mind, and somehow is able to stir both beyond the actual weight of the words printed between the covers.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0385509855?v=glance (2777 words)

	Saint Meinrad :: Monastery : Monte Cassino Shrine
		When the sandstone was excavated for use in erecting monastery and school buildings, Saint Meinrad's superior ordered the first stones to be set aside for a permanent chapel at Monte Cassino.
		On January 5, all the students who could walk went on a pilgrimage to Monte Cassino, where a solemn votive Mass was offered.
		Rather, it is the faith and devotion of the visitors and pilgrims who come to Monte Cassino to pray or reflect on their faith lives, seeking a way to become closer to God.
	www.saintmeinrad.edu /monastery_shrine_history.aspx (542 words)

	Monte Cassino and the Freedom of the Soul
		In May 1944, Stasiek was in a trench looking up at the monastery of Monte Cassino, the Nazi-held stronghold in Italy that commanded the road to Rome, and anchored the German 'Gustav' line.
		On the morning of May 18 the battle was over, and Stasiek and his remaining comrades raised their flag over Monte Cassino.
		And yes, visiting Monte Cassino was one of the highlights of Italy...
	godspy.com /reviews/Monte-Cassino-and-the-Freedom-of-the-Soul.cfm?... (2407 words)

	Monte Cassino Abbey 1944
		The Monastery at Monte Cassino dominated the battlefield of the Liri Valley.
		When the Germans came to fortifty the area around Cassino, the Monastery offered a good observation point to command the ground, but it soon became an obsession with Allied commanders in 1944, when it was bombed heavily in March.
		The Monastery was rebuilt after the war and finally finished in 1952.
	battlefieldsww2.50megs.com /monte_cassino.htm (220 words)

	Saint Benedict of Nursia by Abbot Primate Jerome Theisen OSB. Life, biography, introduction.
		On the occasion of the dedication of the rebuilt monastery of Monte Cassino in 1964, Pope Paul VI proclaimed St. Benedict the principal, heavenly patron of the whole of Europe.
		Benedict did not establish the monastery of Monte Cassino in order to preserve the learning of the ages, but in fact the monasteries that later followed his Rule were places where learning and manuscripts were preserved.
		Individual monasteries often use local images, stained glass or statues of the saint to decorate their websites.
	www.osb.org /gen/bendct.html (1192 words)

	Monte Cassino - MATTHEW PARKER - Mobipocket eBook
		Hitler had declared that the Allied drive toward Rome must be stopped at all costs, and in the winter of 1943-44 the German commander Kesselring chose the fortress-like monastery of Monte Cassino as the centerpiece of the Gustav Line, one of the most impressive feats of defensive engineering ever conceived.
		The Battle of Monte Cassino is a story of the horrors of war seen from the perspective of the soldiers on the battlefield.
		Monte Cassino was one of the most sacred sites in Christendom and the home to valuable religious artifacts, artworks, and manuscripts.
	www.ebookmall.com /ebook/91866-ebook.htm (872 words)

	Monte Cassino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		According to the announcements of the Allied Command at the time this destruction was ordered because the Monastery, which dominated the approaches to the town, had been "occupied and fortified" by the Germans.
		But Cassino town and the monastery were not to be captured until 18 May, when the Poles raised the red and white standard with the white eagle over the ruins of the monastery.
		Was the destruction of the monastery a military necessity?
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWmonte.htm (1828 words)

	The Battle of Monte Cassino
		On Wednesday, German forces withdrew from Cassino without a fight, which had long been fought over, and which even at the end the enemy was unable to take by military force.
		The German retreat was essentially a withdrawal from the east to the west.
		The enemy’s troops would be unhappy to find German troops in Cassino, but the enemy’s military leadership would be pleased to hear that news.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/cas/gpa/cassino.htm (1192 words)

	Anchor Catalog \| Monte Cassino by Matthew Parker
		Monte Cassino is the true story of one of the bitterest and bloodiest of the Allied struggles against the Nazi army.
		Clearly and precisely, Matthew Parker brilliantly reconstructs Europe’s largest land battle–which saw the destruction of the ancient monastery of Monte Cassino–and dramatically conveys the heroism and misery of the human face of war.
		"Monte Cassino [was] perhaps the most interesting campaign of all.
	www.randomhouse.com /anchor/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781400033751 (372 words)

	1/9 Gurkha Rifles • Monte Cassino
		The Gustav Line was one of the major barriers to an advance by the United States Fifth Army on the western side of the Italian peninsula, and the heavily fortified monastery at Monte Cassino was the chief obstacle in the drive to the Rapido River.
		The Battles for Cassino, by E D Smith, indicates 1/9 was on Hangman Hill from 17 to 25 March, 9 days.
		Both the 34th and 88th Divisions took part in the Battles of Monte Cassino.
	www.milhist.net /mto/19gurkha.html (467 words)

	Monte Cassino on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
		He's a good writer and has a nice grasp of the issues surrounding Cassino, Anzio, the Rapido River crossing, and some of the other difficult bits of American battle history that occurred during the largely ignored Italian theater during WWII.
		The story of battle of Monte Cassino is one of great tragedy for the order of monks who still live there, but they draw enormous inspiration from one part of the tale.
		Benedict spent most of his life nor his crypt were disturbed by the bombings and artillery assaults, even though an unexploded American artillery shell was discovered two feet from the crypt many years after the war.
	www.flickr.com /photos/17122349@N00/5369259 (473 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sven Hassel and his surviving comrades are posted to Italy for the horrific battle of Monte Cassino
		Sven Hassel and the few surviving men of his unit are posted to Italy, where the armies are locked in battle around the ancient hilltop monastery of Monte Cassino.
		From no-holds-barred descriptions of the frontline combat to partisan attacks and adventures in Rome on leave, MONTE CASSINO is classic Sven Hassel.
	www.orionbooks.co.uk /MP-29695/Monte-Cassino.htm (147 words)

	Jonathan Yardley (washingtonpost.com)
		Parker's Monte Cassino is a useful curative, or corrective, and it comes at the right moment: the ruffles and flourishes attendant to the 60th anniversary of D-Day, and the dedication of Friedrich St. Florian's ghastly World War II Memorial on the National Mall.
		The end came on May 18, 1944, when "a tattered white flag was hoisted over what remained of the monastery of Monte Cassino." More than 60,000 Allied and German men were dead, and many thousands of others had been wounded, visibly or otherwise.
		The destruction of the monastery three months earlier by Allied bombers, Parker writes, had "reverberated around the world as the culmination of the pity, stupidity and barbarism of war." Exactly the same can be said of the battle of Monte Cassino.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A61896-2004May27.html (1026 words)

	Albaneta Farm, Monte Cassino 1944
		Albaneta Farm, or Albaneta House, or even 'The Nunnery' (although there never were ever any nuns here!), was an ancient farm complex below Hill 593 and on a 'back-door' route to the monastery of Monte Cassino.
		Occupied by German troops early in the fighting, it was the scene of heavy fighting on 19th March 1944 when the 20th Armoured Regiment of the New Zealand Forces pushed up through Cavendish Road in an attempt to launch an armoured thrust which would outflank the positions at Monte Cassino.
		Nearby is the Polish Memorial which is one of the Sherman tanks knocked out here in 1944.
	battlefieldsww2.50megs.com /albaneta.htm (297 words)

	Monte Cassino - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Monte Cassino, monastery, in Latium, central Italy, E of the Rapido River.
		Situated on a hill (1,674 ft/510 m) overlooking Cassino, it was founded c.529 by St. Benedict
		Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, the following are prohibited: copying substantial portions or the entirety of the work in machine readable form, making multiple printouts thereof, and other uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /staging/search/search.php?word=MonteCas (321 words)

	BBC - History - World War Two: The Battle of Monte Cassino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		World War Two: The Battle of Monte Cassino
		Richard Holmes asks whether the epic Battle of Cassino would have taken place, if Allied leadership had understood the real problems involved in fighting in such appalling terrain.
		I have never had much time for the cliché, 'lions led by donkeys', so often applied to British soldiers of World War One.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/war/wwtwo/battle_cassino_01.shtml (593 words)

	World war ii monte cassino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
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	Monte Cassino: The Hardest Fought Battle of World War II - SHOP.COM
		Monte Cassino: The Hardest Fought Battle of World War II - SHOP.COM
		Monte Cassino : The Hardest-Fought Battle Of World War II
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	www.shop.com /op/aprod-p26299855 (215 words)

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