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Topic: Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights

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Kaliningrad

	Encyclopedia - Itsabove.com
		The knights sometimes used a cross pattÃ©e as their coat of arms; this image was later used for military decoration and insignia by the Kingdom of Prussia and Germany (see Iron Cross).
		Teutonic Knights from Germany, Austria, and Bohemia were used as battlefield commanders leading mercenaries for the Habsburg Monarchy during the Ottoman wars in Europe.
		German nationalism often invoked the imagery of the Teutonic Knights, especially in the context of territorial conquest from eastern neighbours of Germany and conflict with nations of Slavic origins, who were considered to be of lower development and lacking in culture.
	www.itsabove.com /Encyclopedia/?title=Teutonic_Knights (4278 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights
		The monastic state of the Teutonic Knights (Deutschordensland), sometimes known in English by the German term Ordensstaat (IPA: [ˈɔːdn̩ˌʃtɑːt]), or "Order-State", was formed during the Teutonic Knights' conquest of Old Prussia and the pagan Baltic Old Prussians in the 13th century.
		Formed by the military order in 1224 during the Northern Crusades, the monastic state was secularized in 1525 during the Protestant Reformation and replaced with the Duchy of Prussia in eastern Prussia.
		In 1237 the Teutonic Knights absorbed the Livonian Brothers of the Sword (established in Livonia in 1202), increasing their lands by the territories of today's Latvia and Estonia.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Monastic_State_of_the_Teutonic_Knights (1038 words)

	Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since the Monastic Prussia and Livonia did not have a common border, it was the aim of the Teutonic Knights' politics in the 14th century to incorporate the Lithuanian province of Samogitia, in order to join the lands ruled by the Order.
		During the course of the war, the city of Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland) was seized (November 1308) by the Teutonic Knights, called in by king Władysław Łokietek (Ladislaus the Elbow High) of Poland.
		Possession of Danzig by the Teutonic Order was disputed by the Polish kings Władysław Łokietek (Ladislaus the Elbow High) and Casimir the Great and led to a series of bloody wars and legal claims in the papal court in 1320 and 1333.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Prussia_under_the_Teutonic_Order (786 words)

	Teutonic Knights Encyclopedia Article @ USP1.com (USP 1) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The knights sometimes used a cross pattée as their coat of arms; this image was later used for military decoration and insignia by the Kingdom of Prussia and Germany (see Iron Cross).
		Teutonic Knights from Germany, Austria, and Bohemia were used as battlefield commanders leading mercenaries for the Habsburg Monarchy during the Ottoman wars in Europe.
		German nationalism often invoked the imagery of the Teutonic Knights, especially in the context of territorial conquest from eastern neighbours of Germany and conflict with nations of Slavic origins, who were considered to be of lower development and lacking in culture.
	www.usp1.com /encyclopedia/Teutonic_Knights (3951 words)

	Teutonic Knights Summary
		The knights sometimes used a cross pattée as their coat of arms; this image was later used for military decoration and insignia by the Kingdom of Prussia and Germany (see Iron Cross).
		The Teutonic Knights began to direct their campaigns against pagan Lithuania, especially after the fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem at Acre in 1291; the knights moved their headquarters to Venice, from which they planned the recovery of Outremer.
		Teutonic Knights from Germany, Austria, and Bohemia were used as battlefield commanders leading mercenaries for the Habsburg Monarchy during the Ottoman wars in Europe.
	www.bookrags.com /Teutonic_Knights (4919 words)

	Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights (German: Ordensstaat) was formed during the Teutonic Knights' conquest of Prussia and the still pagan Baltic Prussians in the 13th century.
		In 1237 the Teutonic Knights absorbed the Livonian Brothers of the Sword (established 1202 in Livonia), increasing their lands by the territories of today's Latvia and Estonia.
		During the course of the war, the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) was seized (November 1308) by the Teutonic Knights, called in by King Władysław I of Poland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monastic_State_of_the_Teutonic_Knights (982 words)

	Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights - Wikipedia Mirror
		The Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights (German: -{Ordensstaat}-) was formed during the Teutonic Knights' conquest of Prussia and the still pagan Baltic Prussians in the 13th century.
		In 1237 the Teutonic Knights absorbed the Livonian Brothers of the Sword (established 1202 in Livonia), increasing their lands by the territories of today's Latvia and Estonia.
		During the course of the war, the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) was seized (November 1308) by the Teutonic Knights, called in by King Władysław I of Poland.
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Monastic_State_of_the_Teutonic_Knights (979 words)

	Qwika - Prussia
		Being predominantly a northern and eastern German state, Prussia had a large Protestant majority, although there were substantial Roman Catholic populations in the Rhineland, while a number of districts in Posen, Silesia, West Prussia, and the Warmia regions of East Prussia had populations of predominantly Catholic Poles.
		During this period the great Prussian military machine and efficient state bureaucracy were established, institutions which were to form the foundations of the German state until 1945, and (in some respects) of the GDR after that.
		These states were abolished in 1952 in favor of districts, but recreated after the fall of communism in 1990.
	wikipedia.qwika.com /wiki/Prussia (2394 words)

	China encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, China politics and officials, China History. Travel to China
		The Knights were eventually defeated by an alliance between Poland and Lithuania, however, and were forced to acknowledge the sovereignty of the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon in the Peace of Thorn in 1466, losing western Prussia (Royal Prussia) to Poland in the process.
		Free State of Prussia in the Weimar Republic
		In the centralized state created by the Nazis in the "Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich ("Gesetz über den Neuaufbau des Reiches", 30 January 1934) and the "Law on Reich Governors" ("Reichsstatthaltergesetz", 30 January 1935) the States were dissolved, in fact if not in law.
	www.chinaiworld.com /wiki-Prussia (5014 words)

	Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights
		During the course of the war, the city of Gdansk was seized (November 1308) by the Teutonic Knights, called in by king Władysław Łokietek (Ladislaus the Elbow High) of Poland.
		Possession of Gdansk by the Teutonic Order was not recognised by the Polish kings Władysław Łokietek (Ladislaus the Elbow High) and Casimir the Great and led to a series of bloody wars and legal claims in the papal court in 1320 and 1333.
		In 1410, with the death of the emperor Rupert, war broke out between the Teutonic Knights and a Polish-Lithuanian alliance supported by Ruthenian and tiny Tatar auxiliary forces, in which Poland and Lithuania were the winners following their victory at Battle of Grunwald.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Teutonic_Order_state (678 words)

	Kaliningrad
		Founded as Königsberg, during the time of the domination of the region by German Order (Deutscher Orden) or Teutonic Knights in 1255, it was the capital city of the Ducal Prussia from 1466 to 1661, then a part of Brandenburg-Prussia.
		Königsberg was the capital city of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights; later, after secularisation of the Order, it was the capital of Ducal Prussia, of the state of Brandenburg-Prussia, ruled by the Hohenzollern dynasty since 1661.
		The Teutonic Knights, who secured their authority directly from the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, held the administration of Prussia beginning in the 13th century.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ka/Kaliningrad,_Russia.html (700 words)

	About the Music of Cuba - worldmusic.cc (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Teutonic Knights began to direct their campaigns against pagan Lithuania, especially after the fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem at Acre in 1291.
		German nationalism often invoked the imagery of the Teutonic Knights, especially in the context of territorial conquest from eastern neighbours of Germany and conflict with nations of Slavic origins, who were considered to be of lower development and lacking in culture.
		Teutonic Knights are featured in a variety of historically-themed computer games, including Medieval: Total War, Medieval 2: Total War, and Age of Empires II, in the latter of which "Teutonic Knights" and "Elite Teutonic Knights" are some of the most powerful armed units in the game.
	www.worldmusic.cc /en/music/latin_america/cuba/698.html?title=Teutonic_Knights (4058 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		The Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights () was formed during the Teutonic Knights' conquest of Old Prussia and the still pagan Baltic Old Prussians in the 13th century.
		Brandenburg ruled Pomerelia (Eastern Pomerania) in the 1250s and had a treaty of August 8 1305 between Brandenburg's rulers and Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, which promised the March of Meissen to the Bohemian crown in exchange for Pomerelia.
		Possession of Danzig by the Teutonic Order was disputed by the Polish kings WÅadysÅaw I and Casimir the Great and led to a series of bloody wars and legal claims in the papal court in 1320 and 1333.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Monastic_State_of_the_Teutonic_Knights (995 words)

	Reference Encyclopedia - Kaliningrad (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Over a long period, the Teutonic Knights, assisted by various knights from Western Europe, conquered the indigenous Baltic Old Prussians.
		As a result of its defeat in the Thirteen Years' War at the hands of Poland, the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights was reduced by the Peace of Toruń in 1466 to the area of later Ducal Prussia, held by the Teutonic Order under the feudal overlordship of the Polish crown.
		The west wing contained the Schloßkirche, where Frederick I of Prussia was crowned in 1701, and Wilhelm I, later the first Emperor or Kaiser of Germany, as King of Prussia, in 1861.
	referenceencyclopedia.com /?title=Kaliningrad (2682 words)

	Prussia - Wikipedia Light! (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because Prussia was predominantly a northern and eastern German state, it had a large Protestant majority, although there were substantial Roman Catholic populations in the Rhineland, while a number of districts in Posen, Silesia, West Prussia, and the Warmia regions of East Prussia had populations of predominantly Catholic Poles.
		This state, known as Brandenburg-Prussia, although divided into two parts separated by Polish territory, was steadily drawn out of the orbit of the declining Polish state.
		During this period the great Prussian military machine and efficient state bureaucracy were established, institutions which were to form the foundations of the German state until 1945, and (in some respects) of the GDR after that.
	www.godseye.com /wiki/index.php/Prussia (2567 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> de:Ryn (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Among the notable landmarks of the town are a former Teutonic Order castle erected around 1337 and a 19th century Dutch wind-mill.
		In the year 1377, the Teutonic Knights Grand Master Winrich von Kniprode built a fortress on the site of a former Prussian people fortification.
		After the secularisation of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights as Ducal Prussia in 1525, an "Amtshauptmann" office was in Rhein, until 1775.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/de:Ryn (407 words)

	Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights - States and Unions - German Archive: The Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights ...
		Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights - States and Unions - German Archive: The Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights (German: Ordensstaat) was formed during the Teutonic Knights' conquest of Prussia and the still pagan Baltic Prussians in the 13th century.
		The Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights (German: Ordensstaat) was formed during the Teutonic Knights' conquest of Prussia and the still pagan Baltic Prussians in the 13th century.
		During the Reformation endemic religious upheavals and wars occurred, and in 1525, the last Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, Albert of Brandenburg, a member of a cadet branch of the house of Hohenzollern, resigned his position, adopted the Lutheran faith and assumed the title of 'Duke of Prussia'.
	www.germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=561&osCsid=baa4fbeb00f84ef14f0d817d1fbeab04 (1079 words)

	Teutonic Order
		Some forty knights were received into the new Order at its foundation by the King of Jerusalem and Frederick of Swabia, who selected their first Master in the name of the Pope and Emperor.
		The Teutonic knights had first established themselves in eastern Europe in 1211 after King Andrew of Hungary invited the knights to establish an outpost on the border of Transylvania.
		Virtually no knights were recruited from the local populations and most of the knights serving in the East spent only a few years there before returning to the Order's houses in Germany, Prussia or, until the loss of Acre, Palestine.
	www.chivalricorders.org /vatican/teutonic.htm (9085 words)

	Teutonic Knights. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		It was originally known as the Order of the Knights of the Hospital of St. Mary of the Teutons in Jerusalem.
		After some 50 years of successful campaigning the knights had subdued Prussia (i.e., the lands later known as East Prussia and West Prussia) and founded numerous towns and fortresses.
		The knights administered their lands from Marienburg, but they granted considerable freedom to the cities, many of which joined the Hanseatic League.
	www.bartleby.com /65/te/TeutonKn.html (501 words)

	prussia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Being predominantly a north and east German state, Prussia had a large Protestant majority, although there were substantial Catholic populations in the Rhineland ; also a number of districts East Prussia, Posen, Silesia and West Prussia had populations of predominantly Catholic Poles (and some areas, such as the East Prussian Ermland, of Catholic Germans).
		From 1466, the Knights had to acknowledge the sovereignty of the King of Poland and Lithuania.
		During this period the great Prussian military machine and efficient state bureaucracy were founded, institutions which were to form the foundations of the German state until 1945, and (in some respects) of the GDR after that.
	home.comcast.net /~savhannahnutbread/prussia.htm (2041 words)

	Ducal Prussia Information
		As Protestantism spread among the laity of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights, dissent began to develop against the Catholic rule of the Teutonic Knights.
		Some of the knights converted to Lutheranism in order to retain their property and then married into the Prussian nobility, while others returned to the Holy Roman Empire.
		There was little active resistance to the new creed, although the fact that the Teutonic Knights had brought Roman Catholicism and Protestantism made the transition easier.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Ducal_Prussia (1152 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cleric
		right form an order or state which is essentially distinct from that of the laity.
		Members of the military religious orders, such as formerly the Knights Templars, and at present the Teutonic Knights and Knights of
		monastic orders, these clerical orders were instituted for the purpose of exercising a ministry similar to that of the secular clerics, by promotion of the Divine worship and procuring the salvation of souls.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04049b.htm (1368 words)

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