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	Mondino de Liuzzi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mondino de Liuzzi (1275 - 1326) was a medical professor at Bologna and a pioneer of anatomy in practice.
		Mondino's practice was to read from a text (from Galen or one of his commentators) while seated in a professorial chair, with a barber-surgeon carrying out the actual dissection and a demonstrator pointing out parts referred to.
		Mondino's anatomy of the heart is remarkably accurate, to the extent that he seems to describe rudimentary circulation of the blood, although he immediately repeats the old assertion that the left ventricle ought to contain pneuma or air, generated from the blood.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mondino_de_Liuzzi (460 words)

	Vesalius - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Andries went on to serve as apothecary to Maximillian, and later a Valet de Chambre to his successor Charles V. He encouraged his son to continue in the family tradition, and enrolled him in the Brethren of the Common Life in Brussels to learn Greek and Latin according to standards of the era.
		Vesalius, undeterred, went on to stir up more controversy, this time proving wrong not just Galen but also Mondino de Liuzzi and even Aristotle; all three had made assumptions about the functions and structure of the heart that were clearly wrong.
		In 1543, Vesalius published the seven-volume De humani corporis fabrica (On the fabric of the human body), a groundbreaking work of human anatomy he dedicated to Charles V and which was illustrated by Titian's pupil Jan Stephen van Calcar.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Vesalius (1802 words)

	Introduction by Vivian Nutton
		Taddeo, Mondino, and their confreres were among the first Westerners to feel the effect of Galen’s rhetoric advocating the necessity for the union of hand and brain, of practice and theory.
		Mondino had recommended that these should be investigated first, before the body began to putrefy, and their position late in the description of the Vesalian body is a deliberate reversion to the plan demanded by Galen.
		Only Berengario in his Commentary on Mondino had written at such length on anatomy, yet his exposition lacked total clarity, and was organised according to the requirements of the lecture room, not those of the enthusiast for anatomy.
	vesalius.northwestern.edu /books/FA.aa.html (20089 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 1275 - Calendar Encyclopedia
		April 22 - The first of the Statutes of Westminster are passed by the English parliament, establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of bailable and non-bailable offenses.
		Eleanor de Montfort is captured by pirates in the employ of Edward I of England to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn the Last, prince of Wales; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.
		Jean de Meun completes the French allegorical work of fiction, Roman de la Rose, with a second section; the first section was written by Guillaume de Lorris in 1230.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /1275.htm (517 words)

	Endotext.com - Neuroendocrinology, Hypothalamus, And Pituitary, Functional Anatomy of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
		Galen described the hypothalamic infundibulum and the pituitary gland in De Usu Partium as the draining route and receptacle, respectively, for mucus passing from the brain ventricular structures to the nasopharynx, and named the capillary network surrounding the pituitary gland the rete mirabilis (2).
		The Galenic concepts dominated scientific thought about the hypothalamus and pituitary for approximately 1200 years until the the 14th century when the Italian anatomist, Mondino de' Liuzzi, in his Anothomia proposed that the third ventricle serves as an "integrator" of body functions (Fig.
		II century A.D. Galen describes in the "De Usum Partium" the hypothalamic infundibulum and pituitary gland as draining route and receptacle for brain mucous, and the existence of the "rete mirabilis"
	www.endotext.org /neuroendo/neuroendo3b/neuroendo3b.htm (2259 words)

	1275
		John de Menteith, Scottish noble (approximate date; d.
		Mondino de Liuzzi, professor of medicine and anatomy (d.
		September 24 - Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford (b.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=1275 (457 words)

	Episode 3 - In Memoriam
		Vesalius participated in public dissections and was often involved in discrete “grave searches” for various skeletons for examination (1).
		In this capacity he was able to begin the task of attempting to accurately describe every part of the human anatomy, complete with illustrations.
		(1) Andreas Vesalius, Daniel Garrison, and Malcolm Hast, “De Humani Corporis Fabrica”, http://vesalius.northwestern.edu/index.html.
	students.ou.edu /L/Kevin.E.Lai-1/WebProjects/episode3.html (856 words)

	1326 : Encyclopedia Entry
		Aradia de Toscano, is initiated into a Dianic cult of Italian Witchcraft (Stregheria), and discovers through a vision that she is the human incarnation of the goddess Aradia.
		Known as La Bella Pelegrina amongst the outlaws near Lake Nemi, she becomes the leader of a religious anarchist movement.
		Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster (born 1259)
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/1326 (205 words)

	BOOK OF THE MONTH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		She begins to attend the lectures in medicine under a false male identity and, as such, undertakes with the young poet Francesco Petrarca a journey to Venice, where they are the guests of the famous traveller Marco Polo.
		Alexandra is recognised despite her disguise by the medical teacher Mondino de’ Liuzzi, who adopts her so she can safely complete her study.
		Alexandra strikes a friendship with a spiritual Franciscan friar with whom she explores issues concerning the relationship between the body, the soul and the mind, but she remains troubled by it.
	www.dante-alighieri.org.au /English/Library/Archives/December_Review.htm (458 words)

	The history of Bologna University's Medical School over the centuries. A short review
		The problem had surgical relevance and in fact, several teachers who had written anatomical observations were surgeons, and thus they bestowed honor upon the position of "surgeons", which in past centuries had never been considered a scholarly degree.
		Between the end of the XIII century and the beginning of the XIV, Mondino Dei Liuzzi who reopened the tradition of the Alexandria School, practicing vivisection, published his observations in an Anatomy book, used until the end of the XVI century, and in fact, began experimental research in Anatomy (8).
		The famous textbook "De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari" was published by Luigi Galvani (1).
	www.mf.uni-lj.si /acta-apa/acta-apa-00-2/moroni-history.html (1633 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Islamic medical philosopher Avicenna wrote in the early eleventh century that it was housed in the "faculty of fantasy," receiving "all the forms which are imprinted on the five senses." Memory preserved what common sense received.
		By contrast, the great anatomist Mondino de' Liuzzi wrote in his Anatomy (1316) that common sense lay in the middle of the brain.
		Aware of the contractions that had proceeded him, he affirmed that "there is only the sensus communis which is variously called fantasy and imagination." Look at the image to the left and right, both from the early Renaissance.
	www.stanford.edu /class/history13/earlysciencelab/body/brainpages/brain.html (856 words)

	Newsvine - The Birth of Intelligent Design
		This article is meant as a introduction to the modern scientific theory of evolution, therefore, please do not take offense in the fact that it is geared towards science, because it simply reflect its purpose: Introduction to the Modern theory of Evolution: A discussion of the pre-1800 thoughts and theories.
		Andreas Vesalius was a Belgian anatomist and physician who is famous for disproving beliefs on the human anatomy introduced by great thinkers and philosophers such as Galen, Mondino de Liuzzi, and Aristotle.
		He showed, by dissecting real human corpses as opposed to apes, not only the differences between the two, but also their similarities which influenced some of the evolutionary theories formulated some 250 years after his death.
	miguel.newsvine.com /_news/2006/07/03/276295-the-birth-of-intelligent-design (1764 words)

	Latinitas in tela totius terrae - Singuli scriptores vel operae - Mediae aetatis
		• Bracton - De Legibus "Henry of Bratton (Henricus de Brattona or Bractona) was an English judge of the court known as coram rege (later King's Bench) from 1247-50 and again from 1253-57.
		Ce texte est important aussi bien pour l'histoire de la logique que pour l'histoire de la physique et des sciences en général.
		• Ockham, Guillelmus de - Dialogus Latin text and english translation, edited by J. Kilcullen, G. Knysh, V. Leppin and J. Scott under the auspices of the Medieval Texts Editorial Committee of the British Academy.
	www.grexlat.com /nexus/singulim.html (5154 words)

	History of Arabian Physicians Encyclopedia Articles @ 216.92.11.26 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Although Arab scientists contributed heavily to other fields, taboos against handling corpses limited the advances in anatomy that they could contribute.
		Prominent among these anatomists were Mondino de Liuzzi and Alessandro Achillini.
		The 16th century also saw the first pioneers to challenge Galen.
	216.92.11.26 /encyclopedia/History_of_Arabian_physicians (1071 words)

	[ information-center.be \| Andreas_Vesalius Resources ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In 1528 Vesalius entered the University of Leuven (Pedagogium Castrensis) taking arts, but when his father was appointed as the Valet de Chambre in 1532, he decided to pursue a career in medicine at the University of Paris, where he moved in 1533.
		He remained at Leuven only briefly before leaving after a dispute with his professor.
		Vesalius, undeterred, went on to stir up more controversy, this time disproving not just Galen but also Mondino de Liuzzi and even Aristotle; all three had made assumptions about the functions and structure of the heart that were clearly wrong.
	information-center.be /Andreas_Vesalius.html (1763 words)

	Timeline: Mondino de Luzzi (sometimes dei Lucci or de Liuzzi) aka Mundinus, c. 1265–1326 - MedHunters
		Timeline: Mondino de Luzzi (sometimes dei Lucci or de Liuzzi) aka Mundinus, c.
		Mundinus did, however, systematize dissection, and his work, Anathomia (or De Anatome), which was published in 1316, was widely used in European medical schools for over 300 years.
		Particularly of note is that his anatomy of the heart is remarkably accurate, and contains the rudimentary details of blood circulation.
	www.medhunters.com /articles/timelineMundinus.html (393 words)

	Bibliography of Medieval Medicine
		(Includes Isagoge of Johannitius, the Canon of Avicenna, the Anatomy of Mondino dé Liuzzi, the gynecological treatise attributed to Trotula, and the Surgery of Henri de Mondeville, as well as samples of commentaries, consilia, works on diagnosis by pulse and urine, pharmacology, and other surgical treatises.)
		Macer Floridus, De virtutibus herbarum noviter inventus ac impressus, (Venetiis: Impressus per Bernardinum Venetum de Vitalibus, 1506).
		The Middle English Translation of Guy de Chauliac’s Treatise on Fractures and Dislocations.
	www.umm.maine.edu /medica/biblio_primary.html (320 words)

	Articles - 1326 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		* Aradia de Toscano, is initiated into a Dianic cult of Italian Witchcraft (Stregheria), and discovers through a vision that she is the human incarnation of the goddess Aradia.
		* October 15 - Walter de Stapledon, English bishop (born 1261)
		* Mondino de Liuzzi, Italian anatomist (born 1275)
	www.bronzebass.com /articles/1326 (222 words)

	Physicians
		Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) author of the first complete
		Pedanius Dioscorides (40-90) is famous for writing a five volume book
		"De Materia Medica" that is a precursor to all modern pharmacopeias
	www.arkadien.org /physicians.htm (164 words)

	The History of the Female Reproductive System
		Terms such as "ovaries" are a product of an era of increased dissection and ultimately the introduction of the microscope as a tool of investigation.
		In 1672, for example, the Dutch anatomist Renier de Graaf published On the Generative Organs of Women, in which he mistakenly identified the Graafian follicles, by which we now remember him, as "eggs." Like his predecessor William Harvey, de Graaf placed great emphasis on woman's contribution to reproduction.
		By contrast, the Dutch microscopist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek argued by the end of the
	www.stanford.edu /class/history13/earlysciencelab/body/femalebodypages/genitalia.html (1344 words)

	The Living Image in Renaissance Art - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Valverde de Hamusco, Juan, 4, 55, 66, 67, 95, 154, 200
		Lezione sopra la generazione de’ Mastri, 12, 13, 155, 160–164, 165, 166
		De humani corporis fabrica librorum epitome, 66, 91, 95, 153, 190, 200
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521821592&ss=ind (467 words)

	Research in Peace Studies \| PieroGiorgi.org » Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		1975 – Université de Lausanne (Switzerland), maître assistant (neuroembryology, neurochemistry)
		1989-2001 – Biographies of medieval physicians (Taddeo Alderotti and Mondino de’ Liuzzi).
		Giorgi, P.P. & Pasini, G.F. (1992) Mondino de’ Liuzzi - Anothomia.
	www.pierogiorgi.org /?page_id=5 (756 words)

	Nouvelle page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Middle Ages physicians are well cared for with numerous Regimen sanitatis from the Salerno School and the oldest medical works printed in Venice in 1471 by Nicolas Jenson : the Liber Servitoris of Abulcasis (first printed document on the preparation of drugs) and the Antidotarium by Nicolas di Salerno (Salerno formulary).
		There are numerous surgery treatises (Guy de Chauliac and Petrus de Argelatta).
		with William HARVEY (1628), Gasparo ASELLI (1627), Jean PECQUET (1651), Thomas BARTHOLIN (1651), Régnier DE GRAAF (1666), Nicolas STENON (1662), and Adriaan VAN DE SPIEGHEL (1626).
	www.academie-medecine.fr /SITEANGL/ancient_collections.htm (1096 words)

	The Cambridge History of Medicine - Cambridge University Press
		Graaf, Regnier de, 1641–73, Dutch physician and anatomist, 138, 347
		Sylvius, Franciscus (Franz de le Boë), 1614–72, German physician, anatomist, and chemist, 138, 142, 147
		Paris, 152; Hôpital des Petits Maisons, 182; Hôpital Necker, 153, 195; Hôtel Dieu, 151, 152, 184, 193, 195, 268; Pasteur Institute, 280, 324, 353; Salpêtrière Hospital, 153; surgical academy, 267
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521682894&ss=ind (4530 words)

	Isis CB Bibliographic Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		La Milliè re, Antoine Louis Chaumont de (b.
		La Pérouse, Jean Franç ois de Galaup (1741-c.
		Moniz, Egas (Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire) (1874-1955)
	www.ou.edu /cas/hsci/isis/th/IsisCB.Personalnames.K-M.html (173 words)

	Anatomy Rare Books, Dittrick Medical History Center - Case Western Reserve University
		Printed and illustrated anatomy texts soon supplemented university instruction.
		A notable early example of this literature is found in Johannes de Ketham's Fasciculus Medicinae (1491), a collection including Mondino dei Liuzzi's Anatomia (1316) and featuring one of the earliest images of an anatomy lesson.
		This was followed by a succession of remarkable and beautiful anatomical atlases over the next four centuries, many of which are found in the Dittrick rare book collection.
	www.cwru.edu /artsci/dittrick/site2/books/anatomy.htm (135 words)

	Carlino, Andrea: Books of the Body
		A fascinating history of both Renaissance anatomists and the bodies they dissected, this book will interest anyone studying Renaissance science, medicine, art, religion, and society.
		The Quodlibetarian Model: The Title Pages of Mondino dei Liuzzi's "Anatomia"
		The Persistence of a Model: Berengario da Carpi
	www.press.uchicago.edu /cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/13833.ctl (348 words)

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