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Topic: Monetary policy of Sweden

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	RBA: Education-Monetary Policy
		In these countries, monetary policy could be described as the management of short-term interest rates by central banks in pursuit of the domestic policy objectives, usually defined in terms of inflation and economic growth.
		Monetary targeting was abandoned in Australia, and in most other countries, because it was found that the monetary aggregates were becoming increasingly unstable and unrelated to the variables of ultimate concern.
		Monetary policy decisions always have to be made on the basis of imperfect information about economic prospects, and the money and credit aggregates represent part of the information (along with an array of other economic indicators) that can potentially help in making these assessments.
	www.rba.gov.au /Education/monetary_policy.html (6807 words)

	Monetary policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Monetary policy is the process of managing a nation's money supply to achieve specific goals—such as constraining inflation, achieving full employment or more well-being.
		Monetary policy was seen as an executive decision, and was generally in the hands of the authority with seniorage, or the power to coin.
		Today this type of monetary policy is not used anywhere in the world, although a form of gold standard was used widely across the world prior to 1971.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monetary_policy (3406 words)

	Monetary policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Monetary policy is the financial policy of managing the money supply to achieve specific goals—such as reducing inflation or achieving full employment or more well-being.
		Monetary policy is also often expressed by the central bank trying to target or manipulate the exchange rate with major trading partners.
		The Impact of Monetary and Labour Policies on the Flemish Cloth Industry Study focusing on the consequences of monetary policy in aggravating ongoing conflict in the English and Dutch cloth industry's labor relations during the late 14th Century.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Monetary_policy.html (2477 words)

	Scandinavian_Monetary_Union
		The Scandinavian Monetary Union, or Skandinaviska myntunionen in Swedish and Skandinaviske møntunion in Danish, was a monetary union formed by Sweden and Denmark on May 5, 1873 by fixing their currencies against gold at par to each other.
		The monetary union was one of the few tangible results of the Scandinavian political movement of the 19th century.
		Sweden abandoned the tie to gold on August 2, 1914 and without a fixed exchange rate the free circulation came to an end.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=Scandinavian_Monetary_Union (396 words)

	Monetary policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		It has been proposed that Monetary policy of central banks be merged and redirected into this article.
		Monetary policy can involve setting interest rates,, capitalization standards for banks or even acting as the lender of last resort or through negotiated agreements with other governments.
		The establishment of central banks by industrializing nations was associated then with the desire to maintain the nation's peg to the gold standard, and to trade in a narrow with other gold back currencies.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Monetary_policy (2926 words)

	Monetary policy of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Monetary policy of Sweden is decided by Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden.
		The monetary policy is instrumental in determining how the Swedish currency, is valued.
		Membership in the International Monetary Fund and party to the Bretton Woods Agreements on August 31, 1951.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monetary_policy_of_Sweden (517 words)

	Monetary policy of Sweden
		The Monetary policy of Sweden is decided by Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden.
		The monetary policy is instrumental in determining how the Swedish currency, is valued.
		Membership in the International Monetary Fund and party to the Bretton Woods Agreements on August 31, 1951.
	www.fastload.org /mo/Monetary_policy_of_Sweden.html (362 words)

	Economic policy
		Consequently, the Riksbank is responsible for the monetary policy in Sweden.
		Firstly, central banks should use monetary policy, in combination with the fiscal policy conducted by governments, to create conditions that are stable in the long term for households and enterprises, so as to promote strong growth and high employment in the country in the longer perspective.
		Monetary policy consists of the measures taken by central banks to influence the demand for money in the economy.
	www.regeringen.se /sb/d/3330 (270 words)

	Monetary policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Monetary policy is the financial policy of managing the money supplyto achieve specific goals—such as reducing inflation or achieving full employment or more well-being.
		Monetary policy is also often expressed by the central bank trying to target or manipulate theexchange rate with major trading partners.
		This is to avoidovert manipulation of the tools of monetary policies to effect political goals, re-electing the current government for example.Independence typically means that the members of the committee which conducts monetary policy have long, fixed terms.
	www.therfcc.org /monetary-policy-2839.html (1707 words)

	Sveriges Riksbank/Riksbanken - Rosenberg: Monetary policy in Sweden
		Monetary policy decisions must therefore be based on forecasts of future inflation.
		Normally, monetary policy is aimed at achieving the inflation target within two years to avoid the deviations from target from being too large and too protracted.
		The way in which the Riksbank can manage this type of risk when making monetary policy decisions is, in principle, to make changes in the interest rate sooner or later than would otherwise be assessed as the most appropriate timing, given the “normal” forecasts for inflation and the real economy.
	www.riksbank.se /templates/Page.aspx?id=22446 (3123 words)

	Monetary policy
		Almost always, special institutions (like the European Central Bank or the Federal Reserve) exist which have the task of maintaining the monetary policy of a country or transnational entity, independently of executive government.
		In general, these institutions are called central banks and typically serve a role of supervising the smooth operation of the financial system as well as monetary policy.
		This type of policy is used by China and Malaysia which have fixed exchange rates with the US dollar.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/monetary_policy_1.html (2228 words)

	Monetary policy Article, Monetarypolicy Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In general, theseinstitutions are called central banks and typically serve a role ofsupervising the smooth operation of the financial system as well as monetary policy.
		Their argument is bascially that monetary policy is fraught with risk and theserisks will result in drastic harm to the populace should monetary policy fail.
		Today this type of monetary policy is not used anywhere in the world, although a form of gold standard was used widely acrossthe world prior to 1971.
	www.anoca.org /inflation/money/monetary_policy.html (2234 words)

	Economic policy
		Consequently, the Riksbank is responsible for the monetary policy in Sweden.
		Firstly, central banks should use monetary policy, in combination with the fiscal policy conducted by governments, to create conditions that are stable in the long term for households and enterprises, so as to promote strong growth and high employment in the country in the longer perspective.
		Monetary policy consists of the measures taken by central banks to influence the demand for money in the economy.
	www.sweden.gov.se /sb/d/3330/m/wai (255 words)

	sek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The introduction of the Krona, which replaced the Riksdaler as the country's legal tender, was a result of the Scandinavian Monetary Union, which came into effect in 1873 and lasted until the First World War.
		After dissolution of the monetary union Sweden, Denmark and Norway all decided to keep the name of their respective and now separate currencies.
		By tradition the 1 Krona coins carry the head of current monarch and one of the Coats of Arms of Sweden, or a Crown, on the reverse side.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /SEK.html (271 words)

	Undermining the Welfare State in Sweden
		Rather, Sweden was to have internal austerity (the devaluation lowering real wages, followed by tight fiscal policies and increased interest rates aimed at curbing inflation) coupled with stimulated external demand (using the devaluation to increase Swedish exports, as well as corporate profits).
		The deterioration of Sweden's government finances is thus not caused by its welfare system; rather, it was the Reaganite tax reform of 1990 (and further tax breaks since) that created a fl hole in the government budget, now to be paid for by the poor and powerless.
		In May 1991, the new policy was further entrenched, as Sweden tied its krona to the ecu (European Currency Unit, the EC currency), thus making Sweden's monetary policy dependent on that pursued by the German Bundesbank (which has kept interest rates high to finance the German unification, worsening the crisis all over Europe).
	www.zmag.org /zmag/articles/june95wennerberg.htm (3423 words)

	Index of Economic Freedom 2004 - Countries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Sweden is a constitutional monarchy and the third largest country by area in Western Europe.
		Sweden’s fiscal burden of government score is 0.2 point worse this year.
		Sweden’s tax burden is one of the heaviest among the world’s industrialized economies: a 60 percent top income tax rate and a 28 percent top corporate tax rate.
	cf.heritage.org /index2004test/country2.cfm?id=Sweden (1004 words)

	Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Sweden is located in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway.
		Sweden’s rapid expansion during this period is due mainly to the fact that it did not participate in any of the world wars.
		During the 80’s, due to the weak economic growth, Sweden is forced into a monetary devaluation and to subsidization of part of the industrial sector.
	andromeda.rutgers.edu /~dspencer/IntroEcon/Sec03Fall03/GroupOFinalSweden.htm (1784 words)

	Monetary policy of Sweden -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Monetary policy of Sweden is decided by (Click link for more info and facts about Sveriges Riksbank) Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of (A Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula) Sweden.
		The (Click link for more info and facts about monetary policy) monetary policy is instrumental in determining how the Swedish (The metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used) currency, is valued.
		In (A Scandinavian language that is the official language of Sweden and one of two official languages of Finland) Swedish: " " by Lars Jonung, Ekonomisk debatt #1, 2000
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/monetary_policy_of_sweden.htm (648 words)

	Sveriges Riksbank/Riksbanken - Sweden´s economy and monetary policy
		With the enhanced confidence in budget and monetary policy, together with the tighter interest rate policy from the second half of 1994 up to the end of 1995, it has been possible to check the earlier inflationary tendencies and bring inflation expectations down appreciably.
		Against this background, the direction of Sweden's economic policy contrasts sharply with the unstable and inflationary path we experienced in the 1970s and 80s and which contributed to the recession in the early '90s, which was the worst for over sixty years.
		The ability of monetary policy to influence inflation has to do with the impact of the instrumental rate on the path of GDP and thereby on the degree of capacity utilisation, together with its effect on inflation expectations.
	www.riksbank.se /templates/speech.aspx?id=2856 (1867 words)

	FRB: Monetary Policy Report to the Congress, February 11, 2003
		Monetary policy actions abroad also diverged across countries in 2002 as authorities reacted to differing economic conditions.
		Monetary policy was held steady throughout 2002 in the United Kingdom, where growth was moderate and inflation subdued, but official interest rates were lowered 25 basis points, to 3.75 percent, in early February 2003 in response to concerns about the prospects for global and domestic demand.
		Monetary policy was tightened in both Mexico and Brazil in response to concerns about the inflationary effects of past currency depreciation.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boarddocs/HH/2003/february/ReportSection2.htm (13068 words)

	Links \| Embassy of Sweden in
		The council is responsible for implementing national cultural policy determined by government and parliament.
		It is responsible for Sweden's monetary policy and exchange rate policy.
		The purpose of the institute is to promote emigration research at all levels and to facilitate the contacts between Sweden and its emigrants and their descendants.
	www.un.int /sweden/pages/links.htm (1193 words)

	Global Insight // Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Sweden’s participation in the EMU is a key issue for the country’s economic outlook.
		Sweden’s economic fundamentals remain strong, and the krona is set to appreciate from its current levels of 9.0-9.1 per euro.
		A prolonged period of weak economic growth in the Eurozone and increasing worries that the monetary and fiscal policy framework in the Eurozone is too rigid may well lead to a swing in Swedish public opinion.
	www.globalinsight.com /Perspective/PerspectiveDetail226.htm (964 words)

	Foreign policy (from Sweden) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Swedish statesman who, as the principal foreign policy adviser of King Charles XI, established a virtually neutral foreign policy for Sweden, breaking the existing alliance with France and forming ties with the Netherlands, England, and the Holy Roman Empire.
		A constitutional monarchy of northern Europe, Sweden occupies the eastern side of the Scandinavian Peninsula, with coastlines on the North and Baltic seas and the Gulf of Bothnia.
		Includes an overview of the Swedish economy with profiles of various sectors; legal and financing guidelines for establishing a company in Sweden; statistical tables on major economic indicators; county and municipality profiles; and presentations on the labor market, banking and finance, taxes, and wages and social insurance policies.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-29879?tocId=29879 (965 words)

	Brad DeLong's Website: Sweden Cuts Interest Rates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		FT.com / Europe - Sweden cuts rates to 1.5% adding to ECB pressure: By Reuters: Sweden's central bank cut interest rates by a surprisingly large 50 basis points to a new historic low of 1.50 percent on Tuesday and some analysts said the door was open to further easing.
		The bank, announcing its decision after a rate-setting meeting on Monday, said it was cutting its growth and inflation forecasts for this year, warranting a 50 point reduction.
		Monetary policy is now considered to be well-balanced," it said.
	www.j-bradford-delong.net /movable_type/2005-3_archives/001119.html (213 words)

	And the winner in the global economical race is...Sweden! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The goal for monetary policy still concerns inflation and the ambition remains the same; that is, a desire to ensure that inflation is low and stable a few years ahead, while giving some consideration to the stability of the real economy.
		Although monetary policy is common for the Swedish economy as a whole, unemployment figures are twice as high in certain regions of the country as in others, and certain professional groups have twice as many people collecting unemployment benefit as others, and these differences appear to persist over a long period of time.
		Sweden is in fact the country with the longest consecutive period of peace, having fought no war since 1809, when Sweden was invaded by Russia, losing Finland to the invader.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1721231/posts (9671 words)

	Morgan Stanley - Global Economic Forum
		With monetary policy rates at 2.0% and real interest rates continuing to hover just above zero, while the economy could grow close to 4% during this year, monetary policy remains very expansionary on our numbers, and we see the scope for a faster pace of monetary normalisation perhaps more present now than ever.
		At the current stage of the monetary tightening, the Riksbank is performing a balancing act between upside inflationary pressure and the financial risks evolving from a continued expansionary of monetary policy and a very strong performance of the real economy.
		It is natural that the government should hope for looser monetary policy during a period of fiscal tightening — the 1995 Bokros tightening package was preceded by a 9% HUF devaluation and the subsequent surge in inflation played an important role in allowing real terms spending cuts.
	www.morganstanley.com /views/gef/archive/2006/20060619-Mon.html (9679 words)

	Sweden - Economic analysis of government's policies, investment climate and political risk.
		Sweden's labor force of 4.3 million is disciplined and experienced in almost all modern technologies.
		Sweden is a signatory to various multilateral conventions on the protection of copyrights, including the Berne Convention of 1971, the Rome Convention of 1961, and the WTO's Trade Related Intellectual Property (TRIPS) convention, leaving Sweden as a very secure country to conduct business in.
		Sweden was, and still is in the process of becoming one of the most pro-business countries in Europe.
	www.mkeever.com /sweden.html (5312 words)

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