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	Mongol invasion of Russia
		The Mongol invasion of Russia was an invasion of the then Russian state Kievan Rus' by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223.
		The invasion precipitated the breakup of Kievan Rus' and contributed to the development of its successor state, Muscovy.
		The influence of the Mongol invasion on the territories of Kievan Rus' was uneven.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mo/Mongol_invasion_of_Russia.html (420 words)

	Mongol invasion of Rus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1275: Mongol invasion of south-eastern Russia, pillage of Kursk.
		1285: The Mongol warlord Eltoray, the son of Temir, pillaged Ryazan and Murom.
		The influence of the Mongol invasion on the territories of Kievan Rus' was uneven.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Rus (1558 words)

	Invasion information - Search.com
		Invasion over land is the straightforward entry of armed forces into an area using existing land connections, usually crossing borders or otherwise defined zones, such as a demilitarized zone, overwhelming defensive emplacements and structures.
		Invasion by sea is the use of a body of water to facilitate the entry of armed forces into an area, often a landmass adjoining the body of water or an island.
		Invasion by air is an invention of the 20th century and modern warfare.
	webshots.search.com /reference/Invasion (4740 words)

	Mongol invasion of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1223 an army from Kievan Rus', together with a force of Turkic Polovtsians, faced a Mongol raiding party at the Kalka River.
		One branch of the Mongol force withdrew to Saray on the lower Volga River, establishing the Golden Horde.
		But most historians agree that Kievan Rus' was not a homogeneous political, cultural, or ethnic entity and that the Mongols merely accelerated a fragmentation that had begun before the invasion.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Mongol_invasion_of_Russia (477 words)

	Mongol invasion of Rus - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The vast Mongol hordes of some 150,000 mounted archers, commanded by Batu Khan and Subutai, crossed the Volga and invaded Volga Bulgaria in the autumn of 1236.
		In short, the Mongol influence, while destructive in the extreme to their enemies, had a long term affect which was significant on the rise of modern Russia.
		Mongol invasion of Rus, Background, Invasion of Batu Khan, The age of Tatar yoke, Influence, Successors of the Golden Horde, See also, References, Country Studies, 1911 Britannica, History of Mongolia, History of China, History of Ukraine, History of Russia and History of Belarus.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Mongol_invasion_of_Russia (1496 words)

	Mongol invasion of Russia: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Mongol invasion of Russia
		The Mongol invasion of Russia was an invasion of the then Russian state Kievan Rus' by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223.
		The invasion precipitated the breakup of Kievan Rus' and contributed to the development of its successor state, Muscovy.
		The Mongols have been blamed for the destruction of Kievan Rus', the breakup of the Russian nationality into three components, and the introduction of the concept of "oriental despotism" into Russia.
	www.encyclopedian.com /mo/Mongol-invasion-of-Russia.html (463 words)

	Mongol
		Mongol Occupation of Eastern Europe - Mongol occupation of Eastern Europe, refers to the 257 year period of Mongol invasion, occupation, and rule of Eastern Europe under the subsequent Mongol Golden Horde from 1223 to 1480 starting with the Battle of Kalka River and subsequently ending with the Great Standing on the Ugra River.
		The Mongol invasion and occupation tends to include the Mongol invasion of Rus, Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria, and the Mongol invasion of Europe.
		Mongols before Chinggis Khan Origins of the Mongols Archaeological evidence places early Stone Age human habitation in the north, while building up and improving the army, particularly the cavalry, and while preparing long-range plans for an invasion of the second century B.C., when the Chinese repelled an invasion of Mongolia.
	www.twin-bhudda.com /Mongol.html (1565 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Mongol invasion of Rus
		The Mongol Invasion of Rus' was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River (1223) between Subutai's reconnaissance unit and the combined force of several princes of Rus'.
		The invasion, facilitated by the breakup of Kievan Rus' in the 12th century, had incalculable ramifications for the history of Eastern Europe, including the division of the East Slavic people into three separate nations and the rise of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
		Refugees from southern Rus' gravitated mostly to the northeast, in the forest region with poor soils between the northern Volga and Oka Rivers.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Russia (1480 words)

	Invasion
		Anglo-Soviet invasion of Persia - The Anglo-Soviet invasion of Persia was the invasion of Iran by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, codenamed Operation Countenance, from August 25 to September 17 of 1941.
		The invasion was instrumental in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba and the subsequent invasion of Puerto Rico.
		Mongol invasion of Rus - The Mongol Invasion of Rus was an invasion of the medieval state of Kievan Rus' by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223.
	in25.regaldata.com (1242 words)

	Talk:Mongol invasion of Rus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		"Rus'" and "Ancient Russia" are synonymous, as the Slavic heartland of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union were encompassed by it and since in those days Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians were one people (Russians, or East Slavs).
		The Mongol invasion was catastrophic, almost all cities (Kiev, Vladimir, Rayzan, Suzdal etc) have been destroyed, their inhabitants have died.
		The Russian economy, however, was severely affected by two manifestations of the Mongol rule: exaction of tribute, often exorbitant ones, and warlike action that took the form either of invasions of Russia or of foreign wars in which the Russians were forced to participate side by side with their masters.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Mongol_invasion_of_Russia (1902 words)

	Ukraine - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kievan Rus', the root of the term "Rus'ki" (today 'Russians'), declined during the Mongol invasion.
		Kievan Rus' became weakened by internal quarrels and was destroyed by Mongol and Tatar invasions.
		On Ukrainian territory (Rus' in the narrow sense), the state of Kievan Rus' was succeeded by the principalities of Halych and Volodymyr-Volynskyi, which were merged into the state of Halych-Volynia.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Ukraine (2474 words)

	Galicia-Volhynia, Principality of
		Rus’ towns from Lithuania in the north in 1250–2 and extended his rule beyond Kyiv in the east.
		Mongol yoke by attempting, unsuccessfully, to establish military alliances with other European rulers.
		Rus’ principalities, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, the Holy Roman Empire, Lithuania, Bulgaria, and the
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/G/A/Galicia6VolhyniaPrincipalityof.htm (395 words)

	Mongols
		The Mongols were originally a confederation of tribes in competition with the Tatar, Kerait, Merkit and Naiman confederations and therefore only one division of what we call the Mongol nation.
		The Mongols were a nomadic people who in the 13th century found themselves encompassed by large, city-dwelling agrarian civilizations.
		The Mongols succeeded very briefly in their invasion of Dai Viet in the northern part of contemporary Vietnam, but were soon defeated by the Vietnamese general Tran Hung Dao after almost three decades.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/mo/Mongols.htm (1879 words)

	MONGOL IMPACT
		Contemporary and later Muscovite chronicles, depicting the invasion as a terrible misfortune for Rus, emphasized the terrible slaughter, disorder, and civil strife.
		The Mongol invasion, Soviet historians agreed, brought terrible physical destruction to Rus towns and villages and dealt severe blows to agriculture, trade, and handicrafts.
		The problem of the nature of Mongol influence, affirms Vernadsky, a moderate Eurasianist, is many-sided; it involves the immediate impact of the invasion, the direct effects of Mongol rule, and unintended contributions of the Tatars, through delayed action.
	www.stetson.edu /~psteeves/classes/mongolimpact2.html (1651 words)

	Batu Khan
		Berke was not inclined to unity with his cousins in the Mongol family, making war on Hulagu Khan, though Berke officially recognized the Khanate of China as his overlordâ”in theory only.
		As the story goes, at the news of Mongol approach, a city of Kitezh was submerged into a lake with all its inhabitants, where it may be seen to this day.
		The only major cities to escape destruction was Smolensk, who very wisely submitted to the Mongols and agreed to pay tribute, and Novgorod with Pskov, which could not be reached by the Mongols on account of considerable distance and winter weather.
	www.wikipedia-mirror.co.za /wiki/Batu_Khan (1998 words)

	NYPL
		Rus' remained under the firm domination of the Mongols for about two centuries; only in 1480 did it shake the last vestige of their control.
		With most sense of cohesion destroyed by the Mongol Yoke, the population of Kievan Rus' scattered, becoming part of Lithuania, Poland, or the various principalities that sprang up in the northeastern area of the fragmented state.
		These leaders were also shrewd: they outmaneuvered the Mongols, whose power faded just as Muscovy's blossomed; they attracted noble and peasant settlers to their territory; and they won the support of the Orthodox Church in their quest for dominance over the other Russian principalities.
	russia.nypl.org /history/mongol.html (710 words)

	Russia The Mongol Invasion - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kievan Rus' was not able to maintain its position as a powerful and prosperous state, in part because of the amalgamation of disparate lands under the control of a ruling clan.
		In 1299, in the wake of the Mongol invasion, the metropolitan of the Orthodox Church moved to the city of Vladimir, and Vladimir-Suzdal' replaced Kievan Rus' as the religious center.
		Early in the fourteenth century, the patriarch of the Orthodox Church in Constantinople granted the rulers of Galicia-Volhynia a metropolitan to compensate for the move of the Kievan metropolitan to Vladimir.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/russia/russia_history_the_mongol_invasion.html (983 words)

	Kolomyia
		The settlement of Kolomyia was first mentioned in 1241, during the Mongol Invasion of Rus'.
		After the outbreak of the World War II of 1939 the town was thought of as one of the centres of Polish defence of the so-called Romanian Bridgehead.
		However, the Soviet invasion from the east made these plans obsolete and the town was captured by the Red Army.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ko/Kolomyia.htm (1444 words)

	Mongol Invasion of Kyiv (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Kyivans were decimated soundly, and the Mongol invasion of Kyivan Rus' was offficially underway.
		By the time the Mongols returned 13 years later, Kyiv was more divided than ever before, and they were easy pickings.
		In December of 1239, a Mongol army led by Batu Khan began a siege of Kyiv.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/j/f/jfd5003/mongol.html (271 words)

	Soviet Union - The Mongol Invasion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1240 the city of Kiev was sacked, and the Mongols moved on to Poland and Hungary.
		The impact of the Mongol invasion was uneven.
		The Mongols have been blamed for the destruction of Kievan Rus'; the breakup of an old "Russian" nationality into Ukrainian, Belorussian, and Russian components; and the introduction of "oriental despotism" to Russia.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-12412.html (477 words)

	Mongol invasion of Rus - China-related Topics MM-MP - China-Related Topics
		The Mongol Invasion of Rus was an invasion of the medieval state of Kievan Rus' by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223.
		The Mongols have been blamed for the destruction of Kievan Rus', the breakup of the ancient Russian nationality into three components, and the introduction of the concept of "oriental despotism" into Russia.
		In short, the Mongol influence, while destruction in the extreme to their enemies, had a long term affect which was positive on the rise of modern Russia.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Mongol_invasion_of_Rus (1356 words)

	History of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to the earliest chronicle of Kievan Rus', a Varangian named Rurik was elected ruler (konung or knyaz) of Novgorod in about 860 before his successors moved south and extended their authority to Kiev, which had been previously dominated by the Khazars.
		Among the lasting achievements of Kievan Rus' are the introduction of a Slavic variant of the Eastern Orthodox religion, dramatically deepening a synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next thousand years.
		In the wake of the Mongol invasions of the 1230s, Volga Bulgaria was absorbed by the Golden Horde and its population evolved into the modern Chuvashes and Kazan Tatars.
	www.stupidproxy.com /index.php?q=aHR0cDovL2VuLndpa2lwZWRpYS5vcmcvd2lraS9IaXN0b3J5X29mX1J1c3NpYQ== (7528 words)

	Russian History
		The "Norman Theory" of the origin of the Rus is inspired by the Primary Russian Chronicle and makes three main claims: 1) the words "Rus" and "Variag" (Varangian) are Scandinavian, 2) the Rus and the Swedes are identical, 3) the latter founded the first Russian state in the Novgorod region.
		Olga, a widowed Queen, was the first female ruler of Rus from 945-962 and converted to Christianity during a 955 visit to Constantinople, however, her son, and Rus in general, remained pagan.
		Mongol invasion...Even after the disintegration of the Kievan state, the old Russian order persisted in a recognizable form under the decendants of Riurik until the Mongol conquest in 1237-1241.
	www.strangelove.net /~kieser/Russia/history.html (1901 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Battle of the Sit River was fought in the northern part of the present-day Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia on March 4, 1238 between the Mongol Hordes of Batu Khan and the Rus' people under George II of Vladimir-Suzdal during the Mongol invasion of Rus.
		After the Mongols sacked his capital of Vladimir, George fled across the Volga northward, to Yaroslavl, where he hastily mustered an army.
		The battle marked the end of unified resistance to the Mongols until Dmitri Donskoy, and inaugurated two centuries of the Mongol domination of Rus.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Battle_of_the_Sit_River (256 words)

	History
		The Mongols imposed heavy taxes on the people of Russia at a time when their economy was already failing, and rebellions soon ran rampant.
		The decline of Kiev Rus by the Mongol invasion led to its subsequent self-division into three main areas: Novgorod in the northwest, Galicia-Volynia in the southwest, and Moscow in the northeast, each possessing political systems independent of the others.
		Though the Mongol invasion severely crippled Kievan Rus in terms of physical damage and economic endeavors, it ultimately did little to directly affect its cultural traditions and political organization.
	www.silversix.nu /thoughtsmongolinvasion.htm (893 words)

	Mongol invasions of Japan Definition / Mongol invasions of Japan Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Mongol invasions of Japan (元寇, Genkō) of 1274 Events May 7 - In France the Second Council of Lyons opens to consider the condition of the Holy Land and to agree to a union with the Byzantine church.
		These invasion attempts are among the most famous events in Japanese history, and due to their role in setting a limit on Mongol expansion, are arguably crucial events to world history as a whole.
		In addition, with the possible exception of the end of World War II, these failed invasion attempts are the closest JapanJapan (日本, Nippon/Nihon, literally "the origin of the sun") is a country east of the Asian continent on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean.
	www.elresearch.com /Mongol_invasions_of_Japan (355 words)

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