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	Scopes Trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On the seventh day of the trial, Clarence Darrow took the unorthodox step of calling William Jennings Bryan, counsel for the prosecution, to the stand as an expert witness in an effort to demonstrate that belief in the historicity of the Bible and its many accounts of miracles was unreasonable.
		Mencken's trial reports were heavily slanted against the prosecution and the jury which was "unanimously hot for Genesis." He mocked the town's inhabitants as "yokels" and "morons".
		It was not until the 1960s that the Scopes trial began to be mentioned in the history textbooks of American high schools and colleges, usually as an example of the conflict between fundamentalists and modernists, and often in sections that also talked about the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the South.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scopes_Trial (3853 words)

	Scopes Trial -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The basis of the trial was the allegation that Scopes had used the textbook, and was charged with violating the Butler Act.
		It was Mencken who provided the trial with its most colorful labels as the "Monkey trial" of "the infidel Scopes." It was also the first U.S. trial to be broadcast on national (A communication system based on broadcasting electromagnetic waves) radio.
		It was not intended to depict the trial accurately, but rather to decry the excesses of the (United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists (1908-1957)) Joseph McCarthy era in (The decade from 1950 to 1959) 1950s (The study of government of states and other political units) politics.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sc/scopes_trial.htm (3616 words)

	Scopes Monkey Trial
		The trial was stacked against Scopes from the beginning.
		During the weekend the trial was adjourned, Byran gave a sermon in the town's methodist church.
		The Scopes Monkey Trial was just one example of the clash between the generations of the 1920's.
	www.angelfire.com /co/pscst/monkey.html (286 words)

	American Experience \| Monkey Trial \| Teacher's Guide
		Monkey Trial offers insights into American history topics including regional differences, community standards in developing teaching curricula, the separation of church and state, freedom of speech, the judicial system, the media's impact on court cases, the reasons for individual or regional economic success, great speeches and the art of oration.
		They might discuss their respective strategies in the trial, their views regarding the trial's outcome, and each man's expectation of how the issue of teaching evolution would be handled around the country after 1925.
		Examples of trials that have gained enormous public interest include the Lindbergh kidnapping of the 1930s, the Sleepy Lagoon murder trial of the 1940s, the Rosenberg spy case of the 1950s, and the Rodney King beating and O. Simpson murder trial, both of the 1990s.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/tguide (994 words)

	American Experience \| Monkey Trial \| People & Events
		By the 1920s Darrow was back on top as the most famous trial attorney in America, a persuasive speaker who earned up to a quarter million dollars a case.
		He believed the Scopes trial would be the perfect platform for that debate.
		On the seventh day of the trial, on a platform outside the Dayton, Tennesseee courthouse, he called William Jennings Bryan to the stand as an expert on the Bible.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/peopleevents/p_darrow.html (666 words)

	NPR : Timeline: Remembering the Scopes Monkey Trial
		The Scopes trial was as much about spectacle as it was about the clash of science and religion.
		The Scopes trial was not the only time that the origins of Earth and humanity were debated in court.
		The trial lasted just a week, but the questions it raised are as divisive now as they were back then.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4723956&sourceCode=RSS (2751 words)

	History of the John Scopes Monkey Trial
		An overview of the John Scopes Monkey Trial of 1925.
		One of his most celebrated trials was that of the young thrill-murderers Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb, for whom he obtained life sentences instead of death (Lowman, 510).
		During the trial, that only lasted eight days, much was done in the way of disproving many of the so-called scientific evidences of evolution.
	wawa.essortment.com /johnscopesmonk_rect.htm (1640 words)

	The Scopes Monkey Trial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Where Allen's version of the trial and its aftermath came seriously adrift, as Larson demonstrates, was in his determination to make the facts fit his personal overview of the sociological significance of 20's culture.
		This must surely be due, at least in part, to the poor quality of the information about the trial taught in many schools, and we can only wonder why some educators still present the play/film to their students as though it were some kind of documentary.
		Whilst the ACLU triggered the Scopes Trial, and the "drugstore conspirators" brought it to Dayton, the guiding force behind the events during the trial itself was Clarence Darrow.
	www3.mistral.co.uk /bradburyac/tennesse.html (1586 words)

	The Scopes "Monkey Trial," or "A 1925 Media Circus"
		After flocking to view the monkeys, Dayton has decided that it was not man who evolved from the anthropoid, but the anthropoid which devolved from man; and it points now at the two chimpanzees and the "missing link" to prove the assertion.
		The next morning, Judge Raulston moved the trial onto the Courthouse lawn because the throngs inside, with all their clapping and stamping in the 100+ degree heat, were weakening the floor and it was in danger of collapsing.
		The monkey is an innocent animal- a vegetarian by birth.
	www.borndigital.com /scopes.htm (2801 words)

	Inherit/1925
		The trial was to be a grand affair and bring fame and fortune to the small town.
		After the judge moved the trial outside because of the 100-plus degree heat inside and the instability of the courtroom floor under the weight of so many spectators, Darrow, in a fantastic gesture, called William Jennings Bryan to the stand.
		To Ransom, the trial was a product of "the modernist-fundamentalist conflict of the period." As R.M.Cornelius wrote in "Their Stage Drew All the World," "This controversy, whose stage was the battle over the nature of the bible, produced a whole cycle of dramatic confrontations, of which the Scopes trial was but one"(9).
	xroads.virginia.edu /~UG97/inherit/1925home.html (1598 words)

	CNN.com - 75 years after the Scopes trial pitted science against religion, the debate goes on - July 12, 2000
		His trial, which began this week in 1925, became one of the most celebrated courtroom proceedings in U.S. legal history -- a "trial of the century" -- because of the high-profile players involved, the media attention it received and the issues it raised.
		It was also called the "monkey trial" because evolutionists maintain that humans and monkeys share a common ancestor.
		The U.S. Supreme Court ruled decades after the Scopes trial that creationism should not be taught because it is a religious belief; the Constitution calls for separation of church and state.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/LAW/07/13/scopes.monkey.trial (2405 words)

	The Scopes Monkey Trial by Gregg Easterbrook -- Beliefnet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		More than any other event, the 1925 trial in Dayton, Tenn., at which the schoolteacher John Scopes was fined $100 for teaching Darwinian theory in violation of a newly enacted state law, has shaped contemporary American public thinking about the evolution-versus-Genesis debate.
		The Scopes trial is best known for pitting William Jennings Bryan, a populist orator and evangelist who was roughly the Billy Graham of his day, against fabled defense attorney Clarence Darrow.
		Today in journalism and public speaking, the phrase "Scopes monkey trial" is commonly employed as a shorthand way of saying that religion is anti-scientific; in popular culture, the notion has risen that at the Scopes trial, Bible-beating zealots ran amok.
	www.belief.net /frameset.asp?boardID=4111&pageloc=/story/2/story_228_1.html (556 words)

	Today in History: May 5
		The trial was such a media circus that, on the seventh day in the courtroom, the judge felt compelled to move the proceedings outdoors under a tent due to the unbearable heat and for fear that the weight of all the spectators and reporters would cause the floor to cave in.
		Scopes Trial Lawyers William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow in courtroom during Scopes trial, 1925.
		As Judge John T. Raulston incrementally disallowed the use of the trial as a forum on the merits or validity of Darwin's theory, the trial swiftly drew to a close.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/may05.html (1079 words)

	History Topic: The Scopes ‘Monkey Trial’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Until the 1990s no trial in American history had attracted more attention—and been more misunderstood—than the 1925 trial in Dayton, Tennessee, of John Thomas Scopes, accused of violating a state law banning the teaching of human evolution.
		The highpoint of the trial came on the seventh day, when Darrow put Bryan on the stand as a biblical expert, obviously expecting him to defend a literal reading of the Bible.
		By and large, the Fundamentalists emerged from the trial flushed with a sense of victory and proud of the way Bryan had handled himself.
	www.meta-library.net /history/scopes-body.html (572 words)

	Encyclopedia: Monkey Trial
		The Tennessee Supreme Court set aside the decision on appeal due to a technical issue: the jury should have decided the fine, not the judge.
		Although the play "Inherit the Wind", written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, is very loosely based on the events, it is important to note that this was a "literary device" since the play was actually about Senator Joseph McCarthy and the proceedings of the notorious House Committee on Un-American Activities.
		In 1988, a rewrite of the Kramer movie shown on NBC starred Jason Robards as Drummond and Kirk Douglas as Brady.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Monkey-Trial (968 words)

	Inherently Wind: A Hollywood History of the 1925 Scopes 'Monkey' Trial
		Technically, the only point at issue in the trial was whether or not John Scopes actually taught the evolution of man from lower orders of animals, so naturally the lawyers for the prosecution did question the relevance of the testimony of expert witnesses.
		Throughout the trial the definition of the term evolution was so hopelessly muddled by the defense and its' witnesses that it seems unlikely that any of the jurors could have known exactly what evolution is and is not.
		The whole purpose for bringing this case to trial was to: 1) declare the Butler act unconstitutional, 2) expose "fundamentalist" Christian views on the subject of origins to public ridicule in the press, and 3) focus the attention of the world on evolution (de Camp, page 492).
	www.gennet.org /facts/scopes.html (6144 words)

	An introduction to the John Scopes (Monkey) Trial
		The meaning of the trial emerged through its interpretation as a conflict of social and intellectual values.
		Listening to Rappalyea, the others--including School Superintendent Walter White--became convinced that publicity generated by a controversial trial might help their town, whose population had fallen from 3,000 in the 1890's to 1,800 in 1925.
		The Scopes trial by no means ended the debate over the teaching of evolution, but it did represent a significant setback for the anti-evolution forces.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/evolut.htm (2100 words)

	The Truth About Inherit the Wind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In the course of the trial, Brady starts out confidently, full of self- righteousness and ready rhetoric about "the Revealed Word." Not only are the courtroom spectators clearly with Brady, but the judge excludes Drummond's scientific witnesses on the grounds that evolution itself is not on trial.
		Her father Jeremiah is a fire- and-brimstone preacher who, in a vengeful prayer meeting the first night of the trial, nearly scares the wits out of his daughter until the more benign Brady intervenes.
		Professor Metcalf testified at the real trial, "It is impossible for a normal human being, cognizant of the facts, to have the slightest doubt about the fact of evolution," and the fictional Drummond argues, "What Bertram Cates spoke quietly one spring afternoon in the Hillsboro High School is.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9702/iannone.html (3554 words)

	Trial of the Century: How the Scopes Trial Framed the Modern Debate over Science and Religion (L.A. Times): Gaffney ...
		Every decade or so America produces a "trial of the century." My favorite candidate for this overused epithet is not the recent O.J. Simpson trial but the trial of the leaders of the Third Reich at Nuremberg in 1945.
		A trial that comes close to meriting the designation "trial of the century," at least for its lasting impact on American culture, took place in Dayton, Tenn., in 1925.
		By the time Larson begins to retell what occurred at the trial, we are well introduced to the history of the ideas that the trial was meant to test.
	www.arn.org /larson/latimes071298.htm (1347 words)

	The Monkey Trial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The trial could not properly be called a witch hunt, notes one trial historian, because “the accused [Scopes] and his defenders—the ‘witches’—were actually the hunters, stalking the law with the intent of overturning it or at least making it unenforceable.” de Sprague,
		Inherit the Wind, the actual trial transcript (which noted the audience’s laughter and applause when it occurred) seems to communicate a battle of intellect and wit in an atmosphere of excitement and good-natured humor.
		One documentary of the trial aired by PBS shows an interview with a woman in attendance as a young girl who commented that she wanted to kick Darrow in the shins during the cross-examination when Darrow was at his worst, as any unedited version of the cross-examination reveals.
	www.asummerforthegods.com (7226 words)

	Clarence Darrow and the Scopes Monkey Trial
		The Scopes-Monkey Trial was an exercise in futility of a brilliant Clarence Darrow.
		The citizens of Dayton and the onlookers that were drawn from the surrounding areas immediately took the idea that Bryan was a holy crusader battling Satan, and capitalized on it in the form of signs, pamphlets, and souvenirs.
		The outcome of the trial was of no bearing compared to the reverberations that Darrow’s examination of Bryan caused: Fundamentalists had largely lost faith in their leader, and started questioning their absolute faith and their literal translation of the Bible.
	www.georgetownwebdesign.com /ed/darrow.html (2109 words)

	Scopes Monkey Trial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		An introduction to the trial of State of Tennessee vs John Scopes.
		Original essays, images, cartoons, trial transcript, statutes, biographical sketches, evolution text, and assorted other materials relating to the Scopes "Monkey" trial of 1925.
		Eighty years after the Scopes Monkey Trial, a trove of about 60 unpublished photos from the landmark case has been found in Smithsonian Institution...
	www.jerrodsdoor.com /scopesmonkeytrial.html (251 words)

	Smithsonian Institution Archives
		The nitrate negatives, including portraits of trial participants, and images from the trial itself and significant places in Dayton, were discovered in archival material donated to the Smithsonian by Science Service in 1971.
		One motivation for holding the trial in Dayton was to revive the town's flagging economy.
		He is shown on the steps of "Defense Mansion," an old Victorian house owned by the coal and iron company, which had been quickly restored by George Washington Rappleyea to accommodate the defense team and their scientific witnesses.
	www.siarchives.si.edu /research/scopes.html (855 words)

	The Scopes "Monkey" Trial Revisited
		To start with, at the trial, almost nobody actually held the position that later commentators have claimed.
		He was a well-liked football coach-cum-biology teacher who agreed at a meeting with friends at the local soda fountain to be the one who would be prosecuted.
		Incidentally, the town of Dayton, Tennessee, far from being the scene of massive intolerance, as it was later portrayed, reveled in the case, seeing it as a huge commercial opportunity and a chance to boost the "new South." Monkey dolls and paraphernalia turned up everywhere.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/science/sc0036.html (849 words)

	Amazon.com: In Search of History: The Monkey Trial (1998) : Video (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		This video certainly provides a basic understanding of the trial, although it is skewed towards what everybody already knows, which is simply my way of pointing out that Dudley Field Malone's role in the trial has once again been ignored.
		However, of the two videos covering the Scopes "Monkey" Trial this is the better of the pair, providing some appropriate historical contextualization along with the fascinating footage.
		Unlike most of the Trials of the Century of the last century, the issues of the Scopes trial are obviously alive and well.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000006QVO?v=glance (968 words)

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