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Topic: Mono Craters

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	Mono Lake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mono Lake is an alkaline and hypersaline lake in California, United States that is a critical nesting habitat for several bird species and is one of the most productive ecosystems in North America.
		Mono Lake was spared the same fate on September 28, 1994, when the California State Water Resources Control Board issued an order to protect Mono Lake and its tributary streams.
		Mono Lake is a vital resting and eating stop for migratory shorebirds and has been recognized as an International Reserve in the Western Hemisphere Reserve Network.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mono_Lake (1047 words)

	Russell's Report on the Mono Craters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The craters that were points of eruption for lapilli and lava may again be divided into two classes: (1) Those in which the lava did not escape from the bowls formed by the eruption of lapilli, and (2) those that were the sources of the coulees.
		The Mono Craters are grouped in a north and south line, and, from the nature of volcanic eruptions in general, we conclude that they were formed along a fissure, probably a branch of the great Sierra Nevada fault.
		The majority of the craters immediately south of the hydrographic rim of the Mono basin and on a line with the Mono Craters are of a dark basaltic lava, very different from the erupted material forming the numerous cones to the northward.
	www.monocraters.com /russell_rep_geology.html (4083 words)

	Storm over Mono: CHAPTER ONE
		Chemically, Mono is known as a triple-water lake: it is saline; it is alkaline; and, due to its volcanic surroundings, it is sulfurous.
		Mono Lake's population of several hundred birds is one of the largest in the state.
		Mono water was too salty for them even then, and the lake too choppy when the wind blew, so they gathered in sheltered spots where the surface layer of water was fresher: near creek mouths, in coves, and on the brackish lagoons that bordered the northeast shore of the lake.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/6641/6641.ch01.html (4808 words)

	Molossian Institute of Volcanology - Mono Craters
		The history and deposits of the Mono Craters volcanic field overlaps with that of the Long Valley caldera and the Inyo Craters volcanic field.
		Mono Craters consists of a chain of at least 30 coalesced domes, flows, and craters.
		Panum Crater is a classic example of an explosion pit in which the subsequent lava plug was not large enough to completely fill the initial tephra ring.
	www.molossia.org /volcanology/mono.html (817 words)

	Golden Gate Photo - Mono Lake/Mono Craters Gallery
		Mono Lake is renown for its tufa towers.
		To the south of Mono Lake, the Mono Craters were formed by multiple eruptions of rhyolite lava rich in silica beginning 40,000 years ago and continuing to the Recent eruption 600 years ago at Panum Crater.
		On the east flank of the northernmost of the Mono Craters is a barren, craggy ridge.
	www.goldengatephoto.com /westus/mono.html (805 words)

	mono lake background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mono Lake lies in a tectonic basin surrounded on all sides by mountains.The Sierra Nevada Mountains are to the west of the lake.
		Mono Lake lies in the rainshadow on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.The annual precipitation in Mono Lake averages 6 inches.Thunderstorms, some of which may be intense and localized, are the primary source of summer rainfall with the Mono Basin.
		Tierny, Timothy; 1997 Geology of the Mono Basin
	www.wetmapp.org /Mono_Lake/Supplement/ml_background.html (3364 words)

	Mammoth/Owens Valley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mono Craters includes 3 large rhyolitic (obsidian) flows, 6 to 8 steep-sided rhyolite domes, a number of explosion craters, as well as the islands in Mono Lake, and Black Point, the basaltic lava flow on the north shore of the lake.
		The Mono domes and flows are steep, blocky, and barren, reflecting their glassy texture and youthful age.
		The arcuate shape of the Mono crater chain has lead scientists to suggest that the Mono Craters may be analogous to the Glass Mountain rhyolite and hence a precursor to caldera formation (the dashed line on the map to the left).
	www.csupomona.edu /~geology/docs/sierrap7.htm (1471 words)

	Photos from Mono Craters, CA
		The Mono Craters comprise a young volcanic chain associated with the Long Valley caldera in eastern-central California.
		Mono Craters are part of a larger structure that includes the Inyo Craters to the south and the volcanoes of Mono Lake to the north, which together form a 40-km-long chain of Late Pleistocene and Holocene craters, domes, and flows.
		Mono Craters lie just south of Mono Lake, and can be easily viewed from the lake, as well as from Highways 395 and 120.
	www.its.caltech.edu /~meltzner/mono (1763 words)

	Recent Changes in Mono Basin, California
		It is a shallow depression surrounded by the Sierra Nevada on its west, volcanic uplands on its north and east, and a chain of young explosive volcanoes, the Mono Craters, on its south.
		From the sedimentary record Mono Lake is estimated to be at least 730,000 years old, and therefore one of the oldest bodies of water in North America.
		Almost all Mono Lake dust particles are of a size of about 11 m or smaller, and are therefore capable of causing irritation to the human respiratory tract.
	www.gps.caltech.edu /classes/ge148/1997C/Reports/monolake.html (3373 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mono Lake, located in Mono County CA, is a closed lake system that experienced multiple transgressive-regressive cycles that have produced many noticeable lake terraces.
		During the mid-Holocene, Mono Lake transgressed to form one of its highest terrace that is comparable to it previous counter part, viz.
		Of particular interest is the deformation of the the mid-Holocene terrace by the intrusion of magma beneath the Mono Craters which occurred around the 14th century.
	wings.buffalo.edu /courses/fa03/gly/431-531/shaffer.txt (227 words)

	Volcanoes of the Eastern Sierra Nevada
		The Mono Crater chain that will be the focus of this paper is just outside the caldera and is a part of a larger structure that forms a 40km chain of craters, domes, and flows dated to the late Pleistocene and Holocene era4.
		The Mono Craters are special because they are towards the end of the line in the Mono-Inyo Crater chain and exist as examples of very young volcanic activity.
		The Mono Craters are well preserved and play a role in better understanding the formation, intrusion and movement of a magma body in relation to the extremely complicated tectonics of the Long Valley region.
	www.indiana.edu /~sierra/papers/2002/schaffer.html (1465 words)

	Long Valley Caldera and Mono-Inyo Craters Volcanic Field, California
		The Mono-Inyo Craters volcanic field developed along a 30-mile-long (50 km) fissure system that extends northward from Mammoth Mountain on the southwestern rim of the caldera to Mono Lake.
		This view of the Mono Craters chain is to the south.
		The Inyo Craters chain is located on the northwest rim of the caldera and the west side of the caldera floor.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/california/long_valley.html (1314 words)

	Mono County: Mars on Earth
		Mono County on the eastern side of California's Sierra Nevada is full of them.
		Then, stop by the Mono Lake Committee Information Center in Lee Vining for directions to beaches from which to swim or kayak and trails that lead to the ancient Mono Craters, remnants of ancient volcanoes that erupted 750,000 years ago.
		From Crater Mountain (9,172 ft.), vestiges of Mono County's geologic past are seen.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/03-01-2004/0002119449&EDATE= (430 words)

	ISS EarthKAM: Athenaeum
		This system of craters was created by a fissure system that extends from south of Mammoth Mountain through the western portion of the caldera to the north shore of Mono Lake.
		The Mono Craters were formed by multiple eruptions of high-silica rhyolite as recently as 600 years ago.
		The Inyo Craters were formed by eruptions of low-silica rhyolite as recently as 500 years ago.
	www.earthkam.ucsd.edu /public/images/investigations/monolake/lvc.shtml (539 words)

	Long Valley Caldera
		The lake was supplied from the melting glaciers of the near-by Sierra Nevada, but the lake drastically shrank this century due to the diversion of the streams that fed the lake to the demands of the Los Angeles residents (Harris, 1998).
		Mono Craters (figure 5) were formed by multiple eruptions of high-silica rhyolite 40,000 years ago and has continued almost to the present.
		Activity at the Mono-Inyo craters is increasing and geologists fear there may be an eruption in the next 50 years (Norris and Webb, 1990).
	www.dur.ac.uk /michelle.webb/longvalley.htm (736 words)

	Volcanic History of the Mono Basin
		The Mono Craters, stretching to the south of Mono erupted recently in geologic time and are the some of the more obvious volcanic features at Mono Lake along with Black Point and the Negit Island volcanoes.
		The entire Mono Craters chain is actually a series of plug dome volcanoes that erupted into existence within the last 40,000 years.
		Geologists determined that Mono Lake has held water since the Long Valley eruption 760,000 years ago, and lake sediments below the ash layer hint that Mono Lake could be much older, among the oldest lakes in North America.
	www.monolake.org /naturalhistory/volcanic.htm (526 words)

	Mono Basin National Forest Scenic Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		"Mono" means flies in the language of the Yokuts, the Native Americans who live to the south of this region.
		The Native Americans who lived in the Mono Basin, the Kuzedika or the Mono Lake Pauite, collected the abundant alkali fly pupae and used them as one of their main food sources.
		Mono Lake County Park: restrooms, playground, picnic tables, boardwalk trail to the tufa towers.
	www.395.com /generalinfo/mononame.shtml (982 words)

	Geologic History of the Long Valley Caldera
		This massive eruption resulted in the widespread deposition of the Bishop Tuff and the simultaneous 2- to 3- km subsidence of the magma chamber roof to form the present 17 by 32 km, oval depression of Long Valley Caldera.
		The younger system, the Mono-Inyo Craters volcanic chain, is localized along a narrow, north-trending fissure system that extends from south of Mammoth Mountain through the western moat of Long Valley caldera to the north shore of Mono Lake.
		The Mono Craters were formed by multiple eruptions of high-silica rhyolite 40,000 - 600 years ago, and the Inyo Craters were formed by eruptions of low-silica rhyolite 5,000 - 500 years ago.
	quake.wr.usgs.gov /VOLCANOES/LongValley.old/History.html (635 words)

	page17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1983, heary snowfall resumed the flow to Mono Lake and a trout population reestablished itself.
		Thus, DWP finally agreed to stop diverting water from the tributaries to Mono Lake until the lake level returns to a higher level.
		The tufa towers of Mono Lake consist of calcium carbonate.
	www.lalc.k12.ca.us /uclasp/ISSUES/bringing_water/page17.htm (322 words)

	Panum Crater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Panum Crater and the Mono Craters should not be missed by anyone interested in geology.
		The craters range in age from 600 to 40,000 years old.
		Most accessible is Panum Crater, the northernmost and youngest of the chain.
	www.monolake.org /monomap/panum.htm (150 words)

	Dave's Travel Corner [Mammoth, CA] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, the Mono Craters, which lie just to the south are the youngest mountain range in North America.
		Mono Lake is also known for its spectacular tufa formations, which are spires of rock that formed from deposits of calcium carbonate.
		Mono Lake is the home to millions of migratory birds.
	www.davestravelcorner.com /articles/mammoth/11.htm (504 words)

	Mammoth Geology, Obsidian Dome, Mono Lake, Hot Creek, Yosemite, Tuolumne Meadows, San Andreas Fault, Inyo Craters, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The third crater is on top of Deer Mountain, located 400 yards north of the middle crater.
		The craters can be accessed by dirt roads, but the sandy road surface is not recommended for most passenger vehicles.
		Panum Crater, on the south shore of Mono Lake, can be reached readily by car, and an easy trail leads up the crater.
	www.cityconcierge.com /activities/geology.shtml (1558 words)

	geological history
		Scientists have determined that eruptions occurred in both the Inyo Craters and Mono Craters parts of the volcanic chain as recently as 600 years ago and that small eruptions occurred in Mono Lake sometime between the mid-1700's and mid-1800's.
		Its eventful history of volcanic activity is evident in both the extinct volcanic ranges of the Bodie and Anchorite Hills to the north and east and the dormant Mono Craters to the south.
		While the rolling Bodie and Anchorite hills were last active over hundreds of millions of years ago, the Mono Craters are the youngest mountain range in North America--the oldest of its 9,000' peaks is only 40,000 years old.
	www.env.duke.edu /eos/fieldtrips/MammothLakes/GeologicalHistory.htm (882 words)

	Untitled Document
		The spectacular high desert landscape, of constantly changing light and color, and views over Mono Lake with its islands, the Bodie Hills, the Mono Craters, and the White Mountains provide a remarkable setting in which to dine.
		The Mono Inn Restaurant overlooks Mono Lake and is located on Highway 395 five miles north of junction Highway 120 (Yosemite-Tioga Pass, open summer), 30 miles north Mammoth.
		The Mono Inn is available for special events (daytime and evening), private parties, banquets, weddings, and workshop gatherings.
	www.monoinn.com (167 words)

	CVO Menu - America's Volcanic Past - Long Valley Vicinity, California
		In the Mono Basin, a great example of a smaller explosion pit is the Devil's Punchbowl, located at the south end of the Mono Craters.
		The Mono Craters is a 17-kilometer-long chain of rhyolite domes and flows that were erupted from 35,000 to about 600 years ago.
		The youngest member of the Mono Basin volcanic family is Paoha, the white island in the middle of the lake, which formed only 300 years ago.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Places/volcanic_past_long_valley.html (1624 words)

	Photo gallery of the Mono Craters, California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Mono Craters is a 17-km-long chain of rhyolite domes and flows that were erupted from 35,000 to about 600 years ago.
		All but four of the 24 exposed domes and flows of the Mono Craters are less than 10,000 years old.
		Close view of the tephra-covered surface of a lava dome erupted from along the Mono Craters; view is toward the north-northwest.
	lvo.wr.usgs.gov /gallery/MonoCraters_1.html (145 words)

	Mammoth Sierra Reservations. 800.325.8415
		Mono County is very proud of this visitor center with its panoramic views of geologically unique and fascinating Mono Lake and basin, interactive exhibits, theater, gift shop and interpretive trail.
		Ecologically sensitive and valuable, the Mono Lake Committee is a constant advocate for its preservation.
		Located a few miles north of Mammoth Lakes, these craters offer dramatic evidence of the volcanic activity that took place in the area as recent as 600 years ago.
	www.mammothsierraonline.com /Activities/PointsofInterest.html (662 words)

	Aron's SURF Proposal '98
		The Mono and Inyo Craters comprise a young volcanic chain with a violent and exciting history, and there is strong evidence that another eruption in the region is very likely in the near geologic future.
		Sieh and Bursik have already done a thorough field investigation of the most recent (14th century A.D.) eruption of the Mono Craters, but that is only one eruption; others still need to be studied.
		Sieh has continued the study by beginning an investigation of the 610 A.D. eruption of the Mono Craters, although much data has yet to be collected, and much analysis remains to be done.
	www.cco.caltech.edu /~meltzner/proposal98.html (709 words)

	Where Will Volcanoes Erupt in California's Long Valley Area?, Volcano Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The three Inyo Craters, part of the Mono-Inyo Craters volcanic chain, stretch northward across the floor of Long Valley Caldera, a large volcanic depression in eastern California.
		Volcanoes in the Mono-Inyo Craters volcanic chain, which extends from just south of Mammoth Mountain to the north shore of Mono Lake, have erupted often over the past 40,000 years.
		The Inyo Craters and nearby lava domes were formed by a series of small to moderate eruptions 550 to 600 years ago, and the most recent eruptions along the volcanic chain took place about 250 years ago at Paoha Island in Mono Lake.
	www.seismo.berkeley.edu /~battag/LVO_GIS/Intro/facts-sheet/futureeruptions.html (1367 words)

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