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	Monochord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, when a monochord's string is open it vibrates at a particular frequency and produces a pitch.
		When the length of the string is halved, and plucked, it produces a pitch an octave higher, the string vibrates at twice the frequency of the original (2:1).
		Monopipe is a wind instrument which serves the same purpose as the monochord.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monochord (190 words)

	A Brief History of the Monochord
		The monochord was later used as a teaching tool in the 11th century by Guido of Arezzo (fl.
		Finally, the monochord probably provided the inspiration for the creation of the clavichord, which later led to the harpsichord and then the piano-forte.
		To many keyboardists, this is seen as the monochord's most important contribution, but when comparing that to the impact it had on the sciences of mathematics and physics, one must concede that its reach has been far greater.
	www.lowbrassnmore.com /Monochord.htm (759 words)

	Monochord
		Probably through the Lutheran parochial schools, monochord has got to the Latvian peasants, and they have begun to play on it, to make it and to improve it (the same instrument, but with two strings has been developed).
		Monochord consists of a long, rectangular body, stuck or hammered together from wooden plates.
		In the upper plate the sound holes are cut and a stepped rod (neck) is attached, on which a string (or two) is put.
	folklora.lv /muzikas/giga/en.shtml (131 words)

	PIANOFORTE - LoveToKnow Article on PIANOFORTE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the 11th century, the epoch of Guido dArezzo, to whom the beginning of musical notation is attributed, the Pythagorean monochord, with its shifting bridge, was used in the singing schools to teach the intervals of the plain-song of the church.
		Fle derives the clavichord from Guidos monochord as he does the virginal from the psaltery, but, at the same time, confesses he does not know when, or by whom, either instrument was invented.
		As with the monochord, the means taken to produce the sound disturbed the accuracy of the string measurement by increasing tension, so that a key touched too firmly in the clavichord, by unduly raising the string, sharpened the pitch, an error in playing deprecated by C. Emmanuel Bach.
	30.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PI/PIANOFORTE.htm (11766 words)

	INTRODUCITON AND DESCRIPTION
		The uses of the monochord are: it teaches all the tones by touch; by touch it examines all song.
		The monochord was perfected in the sixteenth century by the addition of various mechanisms to facilitate the sliding of the movable bridge under the string.
		The organistrum was a type of monochord and may have been linked with the invention of the clavichord.
	cfaonline.asu.edu /haefer/classes/564/564.papers/pingreejclavichord.html (4560 words)

	Tonalsoft Encyclopaedia of Tuning -- Ramos's division of the monochord, (c)2003 by Joe Monzo
		Boethius knew that he was witnessing the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire, and engaged himself in the project of translating great Greek classics into Latin because he knew that soon no-one in the west would be able to understand Greek.
		Boethius discussed many of the subtle aspects of tuning that had been written about in Greek books, and gave monochord measurements for all three of the basic Greek genera: diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic.
		But due to the illiteracy of the ensuing centuries, his readers failed to understand the less familiar chromatic and enharmonic, and so the diatonic, in Boethius's Pythagoran tuning, became firmly established as "the" scale in the treatises written from c.800 until about 1300.
	sonic-arts.org /monzo/ramos/ramos.htm (1097 words)

	Ethnic and Exotic Instruments
		A monochord table is a table that has a box under which multiple strings are strung.
		Sonia Slany has produced a CD recording that is meant to duplicate the experience of lying on a monochord table.
		Pythagoras' study of ratios on the monochord led philosophers to believe that these ratios also governed the movement of planets and other cosmic matters.
	www.geocities.com /magpie930/INSTRUMENTS/instruments.htm (2111 words)

	Sounds for Healing - snaarinstrumenten
		If you always have the same tone, as with the monochord, there is a chance to let go the thoughts and you get space for awareness.
		The water in the body (90%) spreads the vibration and massages the tissue and the cells, hard structures are inspired to swing freely.
		After the session with the monochord it is always useful to play some more or less vital rhythm to give the patient back the ground, the earth, the structure, to reintegrate this beautiful experience and to be able to enter the outer reality again.
	www.merlyn.be /Sound/snaar.htm (4492 words)

	THE LIVING LIBRARY
		The monochord is an instrument or tuning instructional device which consists of a sound box, a string stretched over the length of its body, and a movable bridge.
		Since this demonstration is limited to the monochord which is a single string, lengths of string longer than the fundamental string length are not physically viable because a string cannot magically expand to greater lengths.
		In order to provide different lengths which equate to an undertone harmonic series, one simply starts by placing the movable bridge of the monochord to the far division on one side of the string and moves consecutively to each division until the entire string length is obtained.
	www.sacredscience.com /LivingLibrary/messages/97/962.html?1035245018 (2095 words)

	String Instruments including Oud, Monochord, Folk Fiddles from Carousel Publications, Ltd.
		Monochord is a one-stringed instrument with movable bridges, used for measuring intervals.
		The story is told that Pythagoras wished to invent an instrument to help the ear measure sounds the same way as a ruler or compass helps the eye to measure space or a scale to measure weights.
		The monochord was the very instrument he had dreamed of inventing.
	www.carousel-music.com /stringmain.html (520 words)

	Monochord (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An ancient instrument used for performing and teaching as well as tuning and experimentation.
		The monochord is said to have been invented by Pythagoras.
		It consists of a single string stretched between two fixed bridges.
	www.music.vt.edu /musicdictionary/textm/Monochord.html (64 words)

	Ancient Greek Origins of the Western Musical Scale
		[ABRAHAM] It is likely that he determined this result using a monochord, a single stringed instrument having a moveable bridge by means of which the string can be divided into two parts of variable proportion.
		Strings with lengths in the ratio 2 : 1 produced the interval of an octave known to the ancient Greeks as diapason, Those in the proportion 3 : 2 produced the interval of the fifth, known to the Greeks as diapente.
		The first record of the use of a monochord to demonstrate this phenomena was by Euclid (c.
	www.midicode.com /tunings/greek.shtml (2097 words)

	Hearing Aid Museum and Archives - at Kent State University
		The Struycken Monochord is a non-electrical device that was used to assess the frequency limits of hearing via both air and bone conduction.
		For air conduction, the instrument was held in front of the ear canal.
		For bone conduction, the monochord was held against the mastoid bone behind the ear.
	dept.kent.edu /hearingaidmuseum/special_collections/unique_and_unusual/struycken_monochord.htm (74 words)

	CNERS Newsletter 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Greek harmonicists’ answer to this question was the invention of the monochord, or kanôn, a single-stringed demonstrative instrument which first appeared among ‘Pythagorean’ harmonicists in the fourth century BC.
		The appearance of the monochord was therefore a key turning point in the development of scientific method in Greek harmonics; the new developments which the monochord had permitted in turn paved the way for the instrument’s elaborations five centuries later in the rigorous empiricism of Claudius Ptolemy’s Harmonics.
		The stages of this remarkable evolution are marked by attendant changes in the scientific method within which the monochord was deployed, and thus the instrument readily offers itself as a paradigm for the investigation of how apparatus and method are related in many other areas of Greek scientific history.
	www.cnrs.ubc.ca /newsletter2004/profile_creese.htm (626 words)

	Kaleidoscope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However, the sound of the dan bau (monochord) remained imprinted in his young mind.
		Binh's bamboo monochord has an excellent sound, just as good as a traditional one.
		It’s difficult to travel with a monochord, but he has divided the instrument into small removable parts that can be reassembled easily.
	vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn /2004-03/13/Columns/Kaleidoscope.htm (553 words)

	Origin of the Dulcimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The monochord was used to show the length and pitch of the vibrating string are directly related in a mathematical sense.
		While theorists used the monochord to scientifically demonstrate, musicians and monasteries used it as a aid in the teaching of singing.
		Guido d'Arezzo and his patron Theodal, at the monochord.
	web.tampabay.rr.com /dulcimer/origin1.htm (129 words)

	Tromba marina
		Fantastic as it may seem, it is a legitimate instrument, and enjoyed a brief Golden Age in the first half of the eighteenth century.
		The tromba marina's innocent ancestor was the monochord, a single stringed instrument used in medieval monasteries to rediscover the physics of sound, and later to find pitches (the functional precursor to the piano, in that respect).
		At some point, the monochord acquired the tromba marina's most distinctive feature: a vibrating bridge.
	www.trombamarina.com /tm.htm (628 words)

	Charlie Horse Music Pizza Teachers Guide. A list of procedures, reminders, and links for Activity #11: Music And ...
		Play the instrument by strumming the rubber band near the point where it passes over the pencil; you can adjust the pitch by pulling on the rubber band where it passes over the top of the carton (the end furthest from the pencil "bridge").
		Assign a student from each group to use their monochord to play one of the notes of the song: D, G, B, or E. Help them find their pitches, by playing the pitches on the open strings of a real ukulele, if possible.
		Use tonic borduns played on the monochords in place of, or alongside, pitched classroom percussion instruments for songs already in the students' repertoire.
	www.menc.org /guides/charguid/char11.html (467 words)

	Monochord measures musical instervals the Pythagorean way . (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There are different ways to find intervals on the monochord.
		All the bridges on your monochord are moveable.
		This ratio can also be found on the monochord.
	www.carousel-music.com /monochord2.htm (494 words)

	BILL_COLVIG_.html
		Having its earliest known traces from Greece in the 5th Century BC with the theoretician, musician, and healer, Pythagoras, the monochord was and still is the most useful tool in measuring musical pitches within the various modes and intervals in Natures harmonic series.
		It is built from pine, mahogany, and plywood, with piano end pins from a ruined piano of Lou's and using a pipe/nail tuning device for tuning the pegs.
		The Standing Harp (near right) was designed to be used in conjunction with the monochord and was built to realize and explore the modes that were discovered from its one stringed ancestor.
	www.mcs.csuhayward.edu /~tebo/history/LongDur/Harrison/BILL_COLVIG_.html (1448 words)

	Early Keyboard Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The instrument was used in the 11th century by the theorist, Guido of Arezzo, to show how the plainsong of the church was based on eight tones.
		The monochord soon became known as the polychord with the addition of more strings.
		The dulcimer, even more than the zither or monochord, was an immediate ancestor of the pianoforte.
	www.ptloma.edu /Music/MUH/early/early_keyboard_instruments/keyboard_instruments.htm (746 words)

	Philosophy and Science of Music in Ancient Greece by Graham Pont in the Nexus Network Journal vol. 6 no. 1 (Spring 2004) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It has long been understood that the monochord, or kanon, played a central role in the philosophy of Pythagoras and Plato, but the early history of the instrument and its use in scientific theory and philosophical speculation are very poorly documented.
		The oldest surviving book on the monochord and its divisions was written by Euclid (c.300 BC) but the instrument itself was obviously much older.
		Taking the numbers used in or derived from monochord tuning, McClain identified their widespread employment in numerical allegories, myths, and metaphors found in some of the oldest books in the world.
	www.nexusjournal.com /Pont-v6n1.html (5463 words)

	Sandawa Monochord (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Amongst the old Greeks it was Pythagoras who first used a monochord – a single-chord instrument to make his pupils aware of the Octave Law and its mathematical order.
		After all, in the use of monochords, the process of attuning them to the exact oscillation frequency is much simpler as well.
		The SANDAWA MONOCHORD is not available from music dealers; it should rather be assembled in joint workshops, so that everyone may learn to build and play his own monochord.
	www.orusovo.com /weissenfels/sandawa.htm (1038 words)

	The Celestial Monochord (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After another frustrating battle with this service, The Celestial Monochord is moving.
		And Harry Smith's anthologies of folk music (the original Volumes 1 though 3 from Folkways and now Volume 4 from Revenant) are crammed to the gills with songs about hammers.
		As you've noticed, The Celestial Monochord is on a brief vacation.
	celestialmonochord.blogspot.com (2546 words)

	Unusual Musics::Monochord::Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These instruments, which are technically members of the zither family, consist of one or more strings stretched between two bridges: additional movable bridges are used to change the pitch of some strings in realation to the others.
		While they are not difficult to make (see Bart Hopkins book mentioned in the next section for an example), they aren't a perfect solution; without a whole fleet of them it can be difficult to compare multiple intervals across multiple tunings.
		And without a lot of precise measuring and calibration, it can be tricky to use a monochord to compare, the pitch 20:11 and 11:6.
	www.suddensound.com /um/monochord/about.html (610 words)

	Brasil Nuts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Divide primo (in a German manuscript from the first quarter of the 15th century) divided the monochord with the sequence of fifths G♭-D♭-A♭-E♭-B♭-F-C-G, the fifth pair D-A a comma high, and the fifth pair E-B a comma low, producing pure major triads on C and D, and the pure major thirds G-B, and A-Db.
		The monochord could not be used beyond picking out notes to be sung.
		The monochord is the instrument of reference for medieval theory, and should not be mistaken for being merely a primitive form of our keyboard.
	brasilnuts.blogspot.com (16059 words)

	Speculations on Marchetto of Padua's "Fifth-Tones", © 1997, 1998, 1999 by Joe Monzo
		Although not explicitly described this way, it seems to me that, in his explanation of divisions by 2 and 3, Marchetto's polemical stance against dividing the whole tone successively by 2 was probably referring to "quarter-tones" and "eighth-tones".
		It must be noted that Marchetto's definition of the Diatonic and Enharmonic semitones as 16:17:18 uses the reverse kind of proportional measurement as the one he is demonstrating on the monochord, that is, as frequency proportions rather than as string-lengths.
		It can be easily seen that, as measured on the monochord, this chromatic semitone is visually as well as aurally not only a diatonic semitone plus a diesis, but also that the diesis comprises exactly half (in an arithmetical division of string-length) of the enharmonic semitone.
	sonic-arts.org /monzo/marchet/marchet.htm (6161 words)

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