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Topic: Monochromacy

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	Monochromacy - Wikivisual
		The normal explanation of monochromacy is that the organism's retina contains only a single kind of light receptor cell, or at least that only one kind is active at any particular level of illumination.
		Rod monochromacy, or maskun, is the more common of the two.
		Monochromacy has been subdivided into typical (rod monochromacy) and atypical forms.Alpern M. "What is it that confines in a world without color?" Invest Ophthalmol.
	en.wikivisual.com /index.php/Monochromat (705 words)

	Monochromacy – Complete Color Blindness
		Occurrences are estimated to be between 1 : 30,000 and 1 : 50,000.
		There are reports about very different forms of blue-cone monochromacy and it is sometimes not easy to differentiate it from rod monochromacy.
		The academical background and many references on all types of monochromacy can be found in Opsin genes, cone photopigments, color vision, and color blindness by Sharpe et al.
	www.colblindor.com /2007/07/20/monochromacy-complete-color-blindness (885 words)

	Monochromat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The normal explanation of monochromacy is that the organism's retina contains only a single kind of light receptor cell, or at least that only one kind is active at any particular level of illumination.
		Such an animal would be unable to see at all at lower levels of illumination, though it would have good pattern vision at normal daylight levels (though it would not be able to distinguish hues).
		Rod monochromacy, or maskun, is the more common of the two.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monochromat (490 words)

	Monochromat -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The normal explanation of monochromacy is that the organism's (The light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve) retina contains only a single kind of light receptor cell, or at least that only one kind is active at any particular level of illumination.
		Rod monochromacy, or (additional info and facts about maskun) maskun, is the more common of the two.
		The majority of people described as color blind, however, are either (A person with any of the various forms of dichromacy) dichromats or anomalous (additional info and facts about trichromat) trichromats.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/monochromat.htm (485 words)

	Monochromat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The normal explanation of monochromacy is that organism's retina contains only a single kind of receptor cell or at least that only kind is active at any particular level illumination.
		Both rod and cone monochromacy occur as rare forms of color blindness in humans.
		monochromacy or maskun is the more common of the The majority of people described as color however are either dichromats or anomalous trichromats.
	www.freeglossary.com /Monochromat (618 words)

	Monochromat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The normal explanation of monochromacy is that the organism's retina contains only asingle kind of light receptor cell, or at least that only one kind is active at any particular level of illumination.
		In principle there could also be a second kind of cone monochromacy, in which the retina contains no rods, and only a singletype of cone.
		Such an animal would be unable to see at all at lower levels of illumination, though it would have good patternvision at normal daylight levels (though it would not be able to distinguish hues).
	www.therfcc.org /monochromat-98282.html (449 words)

	Color blindness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tritanopia is equally distributed among males and females, because the gene coding for the short-wavelength receptor is located on chromosome 7 and therefore not sex-linked, but since mutations in both copies are required, it is less frequently apparent.
		cone monochromacy, where only a single cone system appears to be functioning, so that no colors can be distinguished, but vision is otherwise more or less normal.
		achromatopsia or rod monochromacy, where the retina contains no cone cells, so that in addition to the absence of color discrimination, vision in lights of normal intensity is difficult.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Color_blindness (2377 words)

	Rod Monochromacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Because this is an inherited disorder, the patient should be educated on the genetic inheritance pattern of rod monochromacy and recognize that they are a carrier of the disorder and therefore their children may be effected by it.
		While the likelihood of encountering a patient with rod monochromacy is small, the eye care professional should be aware of the signs and symptoms of the condition, and be able to make a definitive diagnosis so the patient may be managed appropriately.
		Rod monochromacy is genetically inherited autosomal recessive disorder of the photoreceptors of the retina.
	intranet.opt.uh.edu /rounds/papers/summer1999/espiritu.html (2137 words)

	Resident/Fellow Research Day - Ophthalmology - The University of Iowa
		Purpose: To describe the phenotype of blue cone monochromacy associated with a deletion in the locus control region.
		Methods: Polymerase chain reaction was used to characterize the molecular structure of the red pigment gene, the green pigment gene, and the locus control region (LCR) upstream of the red gene in a family with blue cone monochromacy.
		Conclusion: We report the association between loss of the LCR in blue cone monochromacy and bilateral macular atrophy with absent central color vision and preserved peripheral color vision.
	webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu /dept/RESFELO/resday2004/grassi.htm (209 words)

	[No title]
		These deletions defined a 579-bp region located 4 kb upstream of the red pigment gene and 43 kb upstream of the nearest green pigment gene; this region is essential for the activity of both pigment genes.
		Most persons with blue cone monochromacy have retinas that appear normal, but, in some, a progressive central retinal dystrophy is observed as they grow older.
		The existence of a form of blue cone monochromacy due to a change in the genome removed from the color vision genes themselves justifies the inclusion of an asterisked entry distinct from the entries for the CBD (GCP, 303800) and CBP (RCP, 303900) genes.
	www.blindness.org /visiondisorders/causes.asp?type=17 (910 words)

	Molecular genetics of colour vision deficiencies » Clinical and Experimental Optometry
		Blue cone monochromacy is a rare form of colour vision deficiency that results from mutations that abolish function of both the L and M pigment genes.
		Tritanopia is also a rare autosomal dominant colour vision defect caused by mutations in the S pigment gene located on chromosome 7.
		Total colour blindness (achromatopsia or rod monochromacy) is a rare autosomal recessive trait caused by mutations in genes encoding the proteins of the photoreceptor cation channel or cone transducin that are essential for function of all classes of cone.
	www.optometrists.asn.au /ceo/backissues/vol87/no4/3270 (295 words)

	Ostrer, Mol Vis 1997; 3:16.
		The encoded cone opsin is folded improperly, retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and rendered unstable (18).
		The other commonly observed cause of blue cone monochromacy is deletion of at least 600 bp of DNA in individuals with one or more cone opsin genes.
		The cause of the blue cone monochromacy has not been determined in at least nine individuals whose X-linked cone opsin genes were studied by quantitative Southern blot analysis and DNA sequencing (19; unpublished data).
	www.molvis.org /molvis/v3/a16 (2208 words)

	Colorblindness - Preliminary Draft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Classically two types of monochromacy have arose rod monochromacy and cone monochromacy.
		Rod monochromacy is when the retina has either few or no cones in conjunction with a normal rod population.
		In cone monochromacy the photoreceptor complement of the retina was normal but there was a large amount of abnormality in neural connections (Jacobs, 31).
	srv2.lycoming.edu /~newman/courses/bio22298/disorderpapers/Colorblindness/preliminary.htm (1290 words)

	Ayyagari, Mol Vis 1999; 5:13.
		Purpose: To describe unusual macular abnormalities in a family with blue cone monochromacy (BCM, or X-linked incomplete achromatopsia) and deletion of about 9.5 kb comprising part of the red pigment gene and the region upstream of the red pigment gene.
		Blue cone monochromacy or BCM (OMIM 303700) is an ocular disorder characterized by the loss of normal color vision caused by the absence of long-wavelength (L, "red") and medium-wavelength sensitive (M, "green") cone function but with preservation of short-wavelength sensitive (S, "blue") cone function [1].
		IV-5 (age 58) is a carrier of blue cone monochromacy who complained of difficulty with vision in dimly lit areas and experienced occasional sparkling photopsia.
	www.molvis.org /molvis/v5/a13 (3963 words)

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