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Topic: Monochrome Display Adapter

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Color Graphics Adapter

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	Monochrome - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Monochrome, in reference to computers, a term applied to a monitor that displays images in only one color—fl on white (as is standard on...
		Monochrome is the sixth album by Helmet, released in 2006 through Warcon.
		The Monochrome WordPress theme has a dark brown base color, and all additional colors are variations on the base color.
	encarta.msn.com /Monochrome.html (186 words)

	Monochrome Display Adapter Notes
		The two big chips on an MDA are the 6845 (soldered on) and the character generator ROM (usually socketed).
		For Hercules-compatible cards (which are a superset of MDA), bit 7 is a vertical sync signal (1 when the screen is being drawn, 0 in the vertical blanking interval) and bit 1 returns lightpen status.
		The resolution is the same as a normal MDA (720x350) but the font used is based on the 3270 terminal rather than the original MDA.
	www.seasip.info /VintagePC/mda.html (2385 words)

	ooBdoo
		VGA is referred to as an "array" instead of an "adapter" because it was implemented from the start as a single chip, replacing the Motorola 6845 and dozens of discrete logic chips covering a full-length ISA board that the MDA, CGA, and EGA used.
		Due to the use of different address mappings for different modes it is possible to have a Monochrome Display Adapter and a color adapter such as the VGA, EGA, or CGA installed in one machine.
		At the beginning of the 1980s, this was used, for example, to display Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheets in high-resolution text on a MDA display and associated graphics on a low-resolution CGA display.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=VGA (1178 words)

	Monochrome Display Adapter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The MDA did not have any graphics mode of any kind; it only featured a single monochrome text mode (PC video mode 7), which could display 80 columns by 25 lines of high resolution text characters.
		The MDA's high character resolution (sharpness) was a feature meant to facilitate business and wordprocessing use: Each character was rendered in a box of 9×14 pixels, of which 7×11 made out the character itself (the other pixels being used for space between character columns and lines).
		IBM's original MDA included a parallel printer port (hence its original name of "Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter"), thus avoiding the need for a separate parallel interface on computers fitted with an MDA.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monochrome_Display_Adapter (529 words)

	Green screen - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Green screen was the common name for a monochrome CRT computer display using a green "P1" phosphor screen.
		The most famous green screen product is arguably the original IBM PC monochrome display, designated the IBM 5151 (the PC itself had the model number 5150).
		From the outset, the 5151 was designed to work with the PC's Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) text-only graphics card, but soon the third-party Hercules Graphics Card became a popular companion to the 5151 screen because of the Hercules' high-resolution bitmapped monochrome graphics capability, much used for business presentation graphics generated from e.g.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Green_screen (298 words)

	Monochrome - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Monochrome, in reference to computers, a term applied to a monitor that displays images in only one color—fl on white (as is standard on...
		In computer science, a video adapter introduced in 1981, capable of only one character mode: 25 lines...
		- in shades of one color: using or displaying only shades of one color or fl and white
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Monochrome.html (111 words)

	MONITOR/VIDEO SPECIFICATION
		Video adapter – is a input device, which come in the form of expansion card or integrated chip on the motherboard, that provides the capability to displaying text and graphics on a monitor.
		MDA: The simplest and the first available display type was the IBM monochrome Display Adapter (MDA).
		With the EGA adapter, the IBM color monitor display 16 color monitor display 16 colors 320 x 200 or 640 x 200 mode and the IBM monochrome monitor shows a resolution of 640 x 350 with a 9 x 14 character box (text mode).
	www.angelfire.com /va2/pcdesign/monitor.html (652 words)

	Art of Assembly: Chapter Twenty-Three
		Given the large number of display modes and uses for the display adapters, it would be very easy to write a book as large as this one on the PC's display adapters alone However, this is not that text.
		In particular, the 80 x 25 text display is nothing more than a two dimensional array of words with each word in the array corresponding a character on the screen.
		Indeed, the earliest monochrome display adapters included only 4K on-board memory (contrast this with modern high density color display adapters that have up to four megabytes of on-board memory!).
	webster.cs.ucr.edu /AoA/DOS/ch23/CH23-1.html (1864 words)

	Computer display standard : VGA
		They are often a combination of resolution (specified as the width and height in pixels), colour depth measured in bits, and refresh rate[?] expressed in Hertz.
		Hercules, A monochrome display with resolution of 720 by 348 capable of text and graphics.
		MDA, monochrome display adapter, the original standard on IBM XT[?] PCs.
	www.fastload.org /vg/VGA.html (389 words)

	Video Standards at MonitorWorld.com informational interchange for monitors, adapters, and video cards
		MDA was the original display adapter on the IBM PC.
		It had a high-resolution mode and a monochrome mode, and was compatible with all previous monitors, including CGA and monochrome.
		When coupled with a proper IBM display, it supported all CGA modes, but it was not compatible with previous monitors.
	www.monitorworld.com /Cables/video_standards.html (2051 words)

	Extron Electronics Glossary of Terms
		Monochrome - One color, usually interpreted as fl and white.
		Monochrome composite output - Provides a monochrome video output with combined horizontal and vertical sync for composite video with all the shades of the computer's monochrome, 8-, 16-, or 64-color display adapter card output signal.
		Monochrome signal - A video signal having one color, usually a fl and white signal, or sometimes the luma portion of a composite or component color signal.
	www.extron.com /technology/glossary.asp?id=M (1043 words)

	Color Graphics Adapter
		Thus, the display font in text mode was fixed and could not be changed.) This mode allowed each character a foreground and a background colour, both of which could be freely chosen from the entire CGA palette (see table) — e.g.
		So the first half of display memory was for rows 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, etc., till the end of the screen and the second half of CGA RAM was for rows 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, etc. This added extra calculation steps to most CGA graphics operations.
		The MDA produced significantly higher resolution text display in 80×25 mode, rendering each character in a box of 9×14 pixels, of which 7×11 were the character itself.
	www.askfactmaster.com /CGA (1848 words)

	GameDev.net - Xtreme Debugging
		The MDA memory in text mode is arranged as a matrix of 80x25 cells.
		The low order byte is the ASCII code of the character to be display and the high order byte is the attribute of the character to be displayed which is further broken down into the foreground attribute and background attribute packed in the upper and lower 4 bits.
		We are now gods of the MDA and with the atomic action we can draw strings, clear the screen, scroll etc. But before we continue with the design of the C++ class, let's stop for a moment and talk about the differences between each OS and how it relates to the MDA memory.
	www.gamedev.net /reference/articles/article590.asp (3928 words)

	Computer Knowledge - Video Display Standards
		The pair (8514/A Display Adapter and 8514 monitor) comprise the 8514 Display Standard and is generally regarded as the first mass-market video card accelerator.
		While the 8514 displayed a much higher resolution screen than most other mass-market solutions of the day, the use of an interlaced display was unusual.
		Early on, Lotus 1-2-3 took advantage of this by having the ability to display "high resolution" text on an MDA display along with color (low-resolution) graphics showing an associated graph of some part of the spreadsheet.
	www.cknow.com /refs/VideoDisplayStandards.html (3653 words)

	Lloyd Borrett - Computing - Articles - Display Standards, Then and Now
		The MDA is designed for use with a monochrome monitor that displays 80 columns and 25 rows of alphanumeric text.
		This is because the 720 dots wide and 350 dots high resolution of the MDA is significantly higher than the 640 dots wide and 200 dots high resolution of the CGA.
		The VGA is capable of higher display resolution modes such as 720 dot wide by 400 dot high in text modes, or 640 dot wide by 480 dot high in graphics modes.
	www.borrett.id.au /computing/art-1990-09-01.htm (1517 words)

	Video display unit (VDU)
		Monochrome monitors are cheaper than colour monitors and are suited mainly to showing text and high-resolution CAD and desktop publishing applications where a single colour is adequate.
		In a monochrome display, this signal can only have two brightness levels, on or off, determined by the pattern of characters to be displayed on the screen as stored in the memory on the video adapter card.
		The main differences between these adapter cards is the frequency of the horizontal and vertical sync pulses and the type of video signals they supply to the monitor (analog or digital).
	www.acay.com.au /~trine2/Displays/Display-Subsystems2.html (4146 words)

	How It Works: Display Adapters Part III
		Basic monochrome adapters were capable of 720X250 resolution, and could only display basic text (Alphanumeric, or A/N) symbols.
		MDA display cards fit into a standard ISA slot, and contained no memory or BIOS of their own.
		Unlike the MDA, which was only capable of displaying alphanumeric characters, the CGA video was able to display text, and also use "All Point Addressable" (APA) pixel addressing.
	www.firingsquad.com /guides/hiwdisplay/page4.asp (797 words)

	The HP Ultra VGA graphics board - Technical Hewlett-Packard Journal - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		By increasing the display memory to 1 M byte and providing some local graphics processing, the HP Ultra VGA board is able to increase VGA resolution to 1024 by 768 pixels with 256 colors at all resolutions.
		The HP 45981A multimode adapter increased the resolution to 400 lines but kept the same horizontal and color resolutions and increased the memory to 32K bytes.
		Newer display adapters, such as the HP Ultra VGA board, have taken the next step by increasing the VGA resolution to 1024 by 768 pixels with 256 colors available at all resolutions (increasing the display memory to 1M bytes) and providing some local graphics processing in the video display system.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0HPJ/is_n3_v44/ai_13914609 (939 words)

	[No title]
		You can also do this by typing a number from 1 to 2, 4, or 16, depending on your display adapter (the colors are numbered from left to right on the bar).
		Displaying the menu on the screen (by pressing F9) also lifts the pen, as does pressing Esc.
		To help you align the outlined area, the graphics editor displays horizontal and vertical guidelines intersecting at the upper left corner of the outlined area.
	www.cof.orst.edu /net/software/email/ccdos/dosugapd.txt (3059 words)

	Plug and Display [P&D] Bus Pinout and Signal Names. Display/Monitor interface
		MDA [Monochrome Display Adapter]: was established by IBM as part of the original Personal Computer [PC].
		MDA is a monochrome-only, text-only standard, allowing text display at 80x25 characters.
		FPDI [Flat Panel Display Interface] describes the electrical layer, logical layer, and connector interface between flat panel displays and display controllers in an integrated environment.
	www.interfacebus.com /PC_Plug_and_Display_Video_Bus_Pinout.html (633 words)

	What is MDA? First 1981 IBM Monochrome Display Adapter Logic
		The monochrome display adapter (MDA) was the the first display adapter available.
		The MDA uses a 9 x 14 dot character box that provides clean sharp characters.
		Because most of the software packages developed today, even word processing and spreadsheets, use graphics to some extent, the MDA is generally considered obsolete.
	bugclub.org /beginners/hardware/mda.html (94 words)

	What is video adapter? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		The display capabilities of a computer, however, depend on both the logical circuitry (provided in the video adapter) and the display monitor.
		A monochrome monitor, for example, cannot display colors no matter how powerful the video adapter.
		Modern video adapters contain memory, so that the computer's RAM is not used for storing displays.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/v/video_adapter.html (561 words)

	Project 3
		MDA or Monochrome Display Adapter was the only technology available at that time, and could only display one color on a fl background.
		These monitors were capable of displaying, "16 fixed colors for text and four colors (white, fl, purple and cyan) for 320x200 color graphics"(Durda).
		qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law, as such display does not significantly impede the right of the copyright holder to sell the copyrighted material, is not being used to turn a profit in this context, and presents ideas that cannot be exhibited otherwise.
	www.rit.edu /~rxc1464/imm/project3/index.html (1422 words)

	Training at Georgetown: Handouts -- Introduction to Computers
		Monitors vary in their ability to display in fl and white or color, and in the quality of screen resolution.
		It is important to know which type of adapter a particular computer has when configuring a particular machine for use with a particular software package.
		The display that comes with the MacClassic II is a 9" diagonal, monochrome display which is built right into the system.
	uis.georgetown.edu /training/handouts/intro2comp.html (2832 words)

	Video Display Hardware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Used in the first computers made by IBM (ever), the monochrome display adapter and associated monitor is a piece of shit.
		On the plus side, the MDA is known for clarity and high resolution, making it ideal for text based interfaces (dos, unix, linux, etc.) and their associated text only programs.
		The EGA (Extended Graphics Adapter) was introduced in 1984, and discontinued in '87.
	wberry.unixcab.org /archive/compu/comp9.htm (512 words)

	Graphics Cards: A Powerful Solution for all our Visual Needs
		monochrome display adapter (MDA) video card was among the first of its kind to popularize graphics cards.
		Monochrome means “to have a single color” and therefore this MDA graphics card was capable of displaying only one color, but the level of textual detail it could produce was exceptional.
		Hercules reestablished the monochrome graphics standard which improved upon IBM’s original MDA standard.
	www.sinc.sunysb.edu /Stu/cteachey (1388 words)

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