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Topic: Monoclonal antibody

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Monoclonal antibody

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	ACS :: Monoclonal Antibodies
		Monoclonal antibody therapy is a passive immunotherapy because the antibodies are produced in large quantities outside the body (in the lab) rather than by your immune system...
		Monoclonal antibody therapy is a form of passive immunotherapy because it uses antibodies made in large numbers outside the body (in the lab) rather than by a person's own immune system.
		The first monoclonal antibodies were made in the lab by fusing a myeloma (a type of bone marrow cancer) cell from a mouse with a mouse B cell that makes a specific antibody.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/ETO/content/ETO_1_4X_Monoclonal_Antibody_Therapy_Passive_Immunotherapy.asp?sitearea=ETO (1603 words)

	Monoclonal Antibody Technology - The Basics
		Second, some antibodies, once activated by the occurrence of a disease, continue to confer resistance against that disease; classic examples are the antibodies to the childhood diseases chickenpox and measles.
		Monoclonal antibody technology allows us to produce large amounts of pure antibodies in the following way: We can obtain cells that produce antibodies naturally; we also have available a class of cells that can grow continually in cell culture.
		These antibodies are called monoclonal because they come from only one type of cell, the hybridoma cell; antibodies produced by conventional methods, on the other hand, are derived from preparations containing many kinds of cells, and hence are called polyclonal.
	www.accessexcellence.org /RC/AB/IE/Monoclonal_Antibody.html (586 words)

	ScienceDaily: First Monoclonal Antibody Treatment For Multiple Sclerosis Approved
		Antibodies are proteins produced by a person's immune system to fight foreign substances, such as infections.
		Monoclonal antibodies, such as natalizumab, can be produced in large quantities in cell culture in a laboratory setting.
		In this way, monoclonal antibodies may be useful in the treatment of certain diseases such as MS.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/11/041124160352.htm (783 words)

	Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
		Monoclonal antibody therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia is currently based on targeting cell surface receptors selectively expressed on myeloid cells.
		Current monoclonal antibody therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is based on the use of humanized murine antibodies that attach to cell surface receptor proteins expressed primarily or exclusively on myeloid cells.
		Conjugated or radiolabeled antibodies primarily rely on the delivery of the toxic agent to the leukemic cell to induce cell death, whereas unconjugated antibodies either induce immune mechanisms (complement or antibody directed cellular cytotoxity) to cause cell death or directly trigger a death signal within the cell.
	www.current-reports.com /article.cfm?PubID=HE02-1-2-05&Type=Article&KeyWords= (3924 words)

	Monoclonal Antibody Production by Brian Richardson
		Antibodies are proteins made by many animal species as part of the specific immune response to foreign substances.
		Specific monoclonal antibodies are used for rapid diagnosis of hepatitis, influenza, herpes simplex, and chlamydia infections.
		Although the development and use of monoclonal antibodies appears to be the future of many therapeutic and diagnostic tools, it is not advancing without resistence.
	www.samford.edu /~gekeller/richards.html (1174 words)

	Immunotherapy for Cancer - Monoclonal Antibodies
		Monoclonal antibodies are made by injecting human cancer cells, or proteins from cancer cells, into mice so that their immune systems create antibodies against foreign antigens.
		Monoclonal antibodies may also be used to preferentially select normal stem cells from bone marrow or blood in preparation for a hematopoietic stem cell transplant in patients with cancer.
		Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of B Cell Malignancies] One of the most popular target antigens is CD20, found on B cell malignancies.
	www.meds.com /immunotherapy/monoclonal_antibodies.html (2843 words)

	Monoclonal antibody therapy for NHL : Cancerbackup
		Monoclonal antibodies are drugs that can recognise and find specific cells in the body.
		A monoclonal antibody treatment called rituximab (Mabthera®) is used in the treatment of some types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
		Other monoclonal antibodies are being developed and you may be offered these as part of research trials.
	www.cancerbackup.org.uk /Cancertype/Lymphomanon-Hodgkin/Treatment/Monoclonalantibodies (413 words)

	Draft Guidance for Industry: Interpreting Sameness of Monoclonal Antibody Products Under the Orphan Drug Regulations
		The mechanisms generating antibody diversity are the same for all antibodies whether they are immortalized as monoclonal antibodies or purified from serum as polyclonal antibodies.
		Conversely, two monoclonal antibody conjugates or fusion proteins would be determined to be the same if both the CDR sequences of the antibody and the functional element of the conjugated molecule were the same.
		Bispecific antibodies are generated by combining a heavy-light chain pair from a monoclonal antibody of one specificity with a heavy-light chain pair from a monoclonal antibody of a different specificity and therefore, have two different sets of CDRs.
	www.fda.gov /cber/gdlns/orphan.htm (2019 words)

	Johns Hopkins Arthritis Information on Monoclonal Antibody Development
		Monoclonal antibodies that define CD molecules and flow cytometry have been used to identify the normal components of the immune system and to determine if these component are under-represented (in the case of immunodeficiency diseases) or over produced (in some cancers).
		Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the CD4 molecule expressed on T helper cells were used to demonstrate that a decrease in CD4 cells is a feature of AIDS and the levels can be used to stage the disease.
		Monoclonal antibodies against bioactive cytokines have been used in therapy for many immunologically based disease processes such as the control of transplantation rejection and the modulation of autoimmune diseases.
	www.hopkins-arthritis.som.jhmi.edu /edu/mono_anti.html (1803 words)

	Monoclonal antibody definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Monoclonal antibody: An antibody produced by a single clone of cells (specifically, a single clone of hybridoma cells) and therefore a single pure homogeneous type of antibody.
		Monoclonal antibodies can be made in large amounts in the laboratory and are a cornerstone of immunology.
		The term "monoclonal" pertains to a single clone of cells, a single cell and the progeny of that cell.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4425 (283 words)

	Altweb: Alternatives to Monoclonal Antibody Production (Proceedings)
		While mice on average produced 31 mg of antibody at a concentration of 2.5 to 15 mg/ml, bioreactors produced as little as 91 to as much as 1287 mg of monoclonal antibody at concentrations of 0.71 to 11 mg/ml.
		Antibodies produced in vivo may potentially be contaminated by adventitious murine viruses and endogenous murine immunoglobulin, other unwanted and frequently antigenic proteins, nucleic acids, and residual pristane, which is frequently used to prime the peritoneum prior to hybridoma cell inoculation (11,12).
		Although monoclonal antibodies of murine origin can generally be produced in high concentrations by growth of hybridomas as ascitic tumors in histocompatible mice, similar attempts to grow heterohybridomas have been less successful and require immunodeficient mice (13-15).
	altweb.jhsph.edu /meetings/mab/lipman.htm (3535 words)

	Monoclonal antibody drugs for cancer treatment: How they work - MayoClinic.com
		Cetuximab (Erbitux), a monoclonal antibody approved to treat colon cancer and head and neck cancer, attaches to receptors on cancer cells that accept a certain growth signal (epidermal growth factor).
		Radiation-linked monoclonal antibodies deliver a low level of radiation over a longer period of time, which researchers believe is as effective as the more conventional high-dose external beam radiation.
		Monoclonal antibody drugs were initially used to treat advanced cancers that hadn't responded to chemotherapy or cancers that had returned despite treatment.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/monoclonal-antibody/CA00082 (1317 words)

	Monoclonal Antibodies
		Antibodies are proteins produced by the B lymphocytes of the immune system in response to foreign proteins, called antigens.
		This population of cells would be correctly described as monoclonal, and the antibodies produced by this population of B cells are called monoclonal antibodies.
		Antibodies are used in the radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy of cancer, and some new methods can even target only the cell membranes of cancerous cells (Chaudhari et al, 1994).
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/MolBio/MolStudents/01rakarnik/mab.html (1275 words)

	non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment - monoclonal antibody therapy - Lymphoma-net.org
		Monoclonal antibody is a relatively new class of drug, and its development is one of the biggest advances in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in recent years.
		Monoclonal antibodies are designed in the laboratory to specifically recognise particular protein markers on the surface of some cancer cells.
		Before the drip is given, other drugs to prevent some of the side effects of the monoclonal antibody are given - for example, paracetamol to reduce fever and anti-histamines to reduce the chances of an allergic reaction.
	www.lymphoma-net.org /monoclonal-antibody.cfm (1131 words)

	Monoclonal Antibody Toolkit for Plant Cell Walls
		Antibody genes or gene fragments are cloned into a phage expression vector where the antibody is expressed in functional form as a fusion protein on the phage surface.
		Phage expressing antibodies are then selected and enriched for by their ability to bind to the antigen of interest.
		Primary antibody samples are pre-incubated with varying amounts of a competitor (mono-, oligo-, or polysaccharide) prior to addition to the wells of the ELISA plate that have been coated with antigen.
	cell.ccrc.uga.edu /~mao/wallmab/Resanti/resanti.htm (686 words)

	monoclonal antibody. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		an antibody that is mass produced in the laboratory from a single clone and that recognizes only one antigen.
		Monoclonal antibodies are typically made by fusing a normally short-lived, antibody-producing B cell (see immunity) to a fast-growing cell, such as a cancer cell (sometimes referred to as an “immortal” cell).
		Monoclonal antibodies engendered much excitement in the medical world and in the financial world in the 1980s, especially as potential cures for cancer.
	www.bartleby.com /65/mo/monoclona.html (214 words)

	Antibody Approaches
		Biological scientists have used antibodies for many years to study proteins; but, as is the case with protein purification and recombinant DNA technology, the ways antibodies are produced and used has led to an increasingly powerful technology.
		An important advance in the use of antibodies was the recognition that it was possible to produce a monoclonal population of antibodies.
		Monoclonal antibodies thus can serve as a common standard for scientists in widely different locations and can be incorporated into commercial applications that can be produced on an industrial scale.
	www-users.med.cornell.edu /~jawagne/Antibody_Approaches.html (4340 words)

	Monoclonal Antibodies
		Monoclonal antibodies are widely used as diagnostic and research reagents.
		The antibody combines the antigen-binding parts (variable regions) of the mouse antibody with the effector parts (constant regions) of a human antibody.
		The antibody combines only the amino acids responsible for making the antigen binding site (the hypervariable regions) of a mouse (or rat) antibody with the rest of a human antibody molecule thus replacing its own hypervariable regions.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Monoclonals.html (1608 words)

	[No title]
		Monoclonal antibodies are made in the laboratory and can locate and bind to cancer cells.
		Monoclonal antibodies are produced in the laboratory and can locate and bind to cancer cells.
		A monoclonal antibody that is being studied in the treatment of certain lymphoproliferative disorders and psoriasis.
	www.cancer.gov /dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=m (6091 words)

	Monoclonal Antibodies - What is Monoclonal Antibody
		Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies - The need to overcome the immunogenicity problem of rodent antibodies in clinical practise has resulted in a plethora of strategies to isolate human antibodies.
		If human antibodies are to be used, then one would like to understand the basis by which different isotypes interact with host effector systems, and, if possible, improve on nature by engineering in desirable modifications.
		The Mouse in Science: Monoclonal Antibodies - In 1975, Kohler and Milstein first fused lymphocytes to produce a cell line which was both immortal and a producer of specific antibodies.
	www.antibodybeyond.com /knowledge/monoclonal.htm (282 words)

	First Monoclonal Antibody Treatment For Multiple Sclerosis Approved
		Antibodies are proteins produced by a person's immune system to fight foreign substances, such as infections.
		Monoclonal antibodies, such as natalizumab, can be produced in large quantities in cell culture in a laboratory setting.
		In this way, monoclonal antibodies may be useful in the treatment of certain diseases such as MS.
	www.fda.gov /bbs/topics/news/2004/NEW01141.html (601 words)

	Altweb: Alternatives to Monoclonal Antibody Production (Proceedings)
		A monoclonal antibody core facility was established at Memorial Sloan-Kettering in order to provide researchers with an efficient source of monoclonal antibodies.
		Antibody quantities on a scale of >1 mg are frequently required by many research laboratories.
		The former methods generally result in antibody concentrations that are too low for many purposes, while the latter has disadvantages associated with bioactive contaminants (cytokines, endogenous antibodies) and animal welfare.
	altweb.jhsph.edu /meetings/mab/petrie.htm (1591 words)

	Monoclonal Antibody Shows Promising Results (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Havana.- Results from recent clinical trials made with the humanized monoclonal antibody HR3, obtained by specialists from the Center for Molecular Immunology (CIM), show promise in the possibility of using this antibody in the treatment of head and neck tumors.
		This humanized monoclonal antibody obtained the Gold Medal awarded by the World Organization of Intellectual Property, and is the first ever registered in Cuba for the treatment of advanced stages of cancer in the head and neck.
		The antibody inhibits cancer cells from multiplying by blocking the receptor of the EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) a protein associated with the proliferation of cancer cells, metastasis and the invasion of healthy tissues.
	www.periodico26.cu /english/health/antibody111706.htm (217 words)

	Recommendations for Monoclonal Antibody Production
		Monoclonal antibodies, following the development of this technology in 1975, have become an extraordinarily important resource for medical research, diagnosis, therapy, and basic science.
		In order to produce large quantities of monoclonal antibody, it has been traditional to grow hybridoma cell lines as an ascites tumor in vivo.
		It should also be noted that the monoclonal antibody produced by this method is contaminated by endogenous immunoglobulin and has the potential for contamination by viruses or bioreactive cytokines that may interfere with later use.
	www.med.nyu.edu /dlar/policies/antibody.html (1380 words)

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