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	Monoculture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In forestry, monoculture refers to the planting of a single species of tree crop instead of encouraging a diverse canopy of trees.
		The Irish potato famine was caused by susceptibility to Phytophthora infestans.
		In particular, Dan Geer has argued that Microsoft is a monoculture, since a striking majority of the overall number of computers connected to the Internet are workstations and servers running versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system, many of which are vulnerable to same attacks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monoculture (579 words)

	Monoculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A major force in the increase of monoculture in modern agriculture has been the development of machinery for tilling, planting, pest control and harvesting, which is cheaper than human labor, and is considered more efficient at larger scales.
		Extensive monoculture of fruits, cucurbits, alfalfa seed and other crops tends to produce pollination problems, because pollinators cannot use all the resources available during bloom, and they may starve during the rest of the season.
		Monocultures are derided by the environmental movement both because of their susceptibility to disease and insects, and because of the large amount of chemical inputs often required to sustain them.
	www.casimiro.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/m/mo/monoculture.html (516 words)

	Mental Monoculture
		Monoculture in agriculture is the practice of planting and cultivating crops in tracts containing a single species.
		Monoculture reduces biodiversity, which is necessary for the survival of healthy ecosystems.
		The oligarchs of the monoculture would have you believe this: Corporate news and entertainment media admittedly present a limited view of life and reality, but we are constrained by the nature of “free market” competition, and thus have no choice but to give the people what they want, i.e.
	www.dissidentvoice.org /Articles7/Dean_Mental-Monoculture.htm (2208 words)

	Monoculture: Just As Bad an Idea in Computing as in Agriculture -- dan.tobias.name
		Typically, the dominant element of a monoculture will not only be of uniform species, but even uniform subtype within the species -- as if not only were all pets dogs (crowding out other pet species such as cats), but they're all a particular breed of poodle.
		Modern agriculture has had many examples of monocultures, as particular breeds of crops are chosen for various desirable traits and propagated identically around the world, replacing a profusion of diverse local crops.
		In a monoculture, however, if the single dominant variety happens to be susceptible to the disaster, it can be totally wiped out, turning what could have been a minor problem into a global catastrophe, and leaving little breeding stock from which a resistant variety can spring.
	dan.tobias.name /thenet/monoculture.html (2101 words)

	Part I
		Monoculture in farming occurs when the same crops are planted over and again in the same soil.
		Monoculture in nature occurs when the diversity of plant species is destroyed by deforestation and a few species, often of foreign origin, are planted instead or simply flourish as weeds.
		Monoculture extends from an expansionist monotheism, which is monoculture in religion and destroys religious diversity and individual spiritual experience that is only possible apart from any church and its dogma.
	bharatvani.org /books/civilization/partI7.htm (3758 words)

	Melissa and monoculture: April 19, 1999 issue of New Thinking
		In agriculture, monoculture involves the intensive farming of one particular crop.
		Rather than using traditional farming methods of crop rotation and leaving fields fallow, monoculture depends on fertilizer and pesticides to allow this intensive farming of the same land to continue year after year.
		Monoculture has a number of important benefits, certainly in the short-term.
	www.gerrymcgovern.com /nt/1999/nt_1999_04_19_melissa_monoculture.htm (667 words)

	In Defense of Crop Monoculture
		Crop monoculture also offers many advantages, including the economic advantages of specialization, flexibility to intensively grow a high-value cash crop ideally suited to local growing conditions, and the means to assure adequate supplies of a staple such as rice in Asia.
		Monoculture of agronomic crops such as wheat and barley is not sustainable in most rainfed wheat- and barley-growing areas of the world if its success depends on continued conventional tillage (Shillinger et al., 1999).
		Successful crop monocultures are often accompanied by the unexplained absence of root diseases in spite of the presence of pathogens in the soil.
	www.cropscience.org.au /icsc2004/symposia/2/1/1128_cookrj.htm (5511 words)

	hitoro.net
		Monoculture is not an artifact of the 20th century but dates back when kings selected their favorites painters and music composers for entertaining their courts and impressing other kings.
		Monoculture is to believe that culture is brain dead not only in the USA but anywhere else.
		"Monoculture, an Artifact of the 20th Century?" story is in fact the beginning of a new monoculture, the monoculture of someone saying that himself and his protegee are moving in the right direction, the story of the king and his favorite weblogger.
	radio.weblogs.com /0100225/2002/05/14.html (386 words)

	small devices in my dandelion patch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Now, the term "monoculture" refers to the cultivation of one species of plant in a particular area.
		It's a monoculture of statically typed languages derived from a C base.
		It's a hardware monoculture that results in hardware that is optimized to run C programs.
	jroller.com /page/kalimantan?entry=mangling_metaphors_and_monocultures (730 words)

	New Agriculturist 01-1: Perspective - Martin Wolfe, Wakelyns Agroforestry and Farm Research Centre
		Monoculture of crop plants is often regarded as the norm - it's a simple and convenient way of planting, cultivating and harvesting a crop.
		In a monoculture, if a single spore infects one leaf and produces more spores, many will have a high chance of success because they will land on identical susceptible leaves wherever they are dispersed.
		Such compensation is uncommon in a monoculture where all plants are equally susceptible.
	www.new-agri.co.uk /01-1/perspect.html (1031 words)

	Anil Dash: Monoculture Considered Harmful
		Monoculture Considered Harmful is a paper published by John S. Quarterman in First Monday in January of 2002.
		Monoculture cotton crops and the economy they supported proved susceptible to a small insect in the early 20th century.
		I have a long, long list of other faults of the cotton industry that are far more egregious than their choice of crop species, but it's simply impossible to ignore the lessons that were plainly spelled out by the devastating impact of boll weevils.
	www.dashes.com /anil/2006/10/02/monoculture_con (507 words)

	UNFF and monoculture tree plantations - New York, May 2005
		The member organizations of the Latin American Network against Monoculture Tree Plantations consider it necessary to reiterate to the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) their concern over the meagre results obtained 10 years after this process was launched.
		From Mexico to the south of Chile, from the Atlantic coast of Brazil to the Pacific coast in Ecuador, a two-fold process is manifest: the advancing deforestation and the occupation of vast territories by monoculture tree plantations.
		It is clear that this model of monoculture tree plantations serves the interests of the great international pulp and paper industry and the timber industry, supplying abundant amounts of homogeneous and cheap raw material to promote the increasing consumption of their products.
	www.wrm.org.uy /plantations/RECOMA/UNFF.htm (376 words)

	Monoculture
		The large monocultures of intensive farming systems not only limit the variety of in-crop habitats available to wild flora and fauna, they also ensure there is a temporal distribution of the resources on which many wild animals are dependant
		Monocultures in grassland are a relatively recent phenomenon.
		Monocultures can take many forms and are not necessarily environmentally 'unsound'
	www.ecifm.rdg.ac.uk /monoculture.htm (476 words)

	TP: Viruses on the Internet: Monoculture breeds parasites
		Leaving genetic modification aside, the huge monocultures of the agro industry can only be maintained through the extensive use of pesticides with all their negative side effects.
		While they might help to stabilize the software monoculture, their effects on "life on the Internet" could be as devastating as the effects of chemical pesticides are on the natural environment.
		Of course, monocultures are not natural in any way, they are an industrial product of economies of scale.
	www.heise.de /tp/r4/artikel/8/8129/1.html (880 words)

	Living in a Monoculture
		There are some advantages of living in a monoculture, but perhaps fewer than you think.
		Worse, if the really big companies in the monoculture decide to employ spyware of various kinds, all of you wind up in massive databases and your relationships can be recorded and tracked.
		In a real monoculture forest, when a serious virus or insect pest hits, most but not all trees are destroyed.
	csis.pace.edu /~bergin/monoculture.html (1344 words)

	USATODAY.com - Biology informs debate of Microsoft software 'monoculture' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		After he argued in a paper published last fall that the monoculture amplifies online threats, Geer was fired by security firm (at)stake, which has had Microsoft as a major client.
		In biology, species with little genetic variation — or "monocultures" — are the most vulnerable to catastrophic epidemics.
		Charney says monoculture theory doesn't suggest any reasonable solutions; more use of the Linux open-source operating system, a rival to Microsoft Windows, might create a "duoculture," but that would hardly deter sophisticated hackers.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/2004-02-15-monoculture_x.htm (1156 words)

	Application Development Trends - Questioning the Monoculture Argument
		Among the arguments the authors make is this one: "The electronic monoculture that improves communication also increases the risk for contagion.
		Monocultures are bad, goes the reasoning, because the potato famine devastated the Irish population, and the blight killed all those elms.
		First, the monoculture argument is not sufficient to explain the devastating worms that have taken advantage of IIS and SQL Server.
	www.adtmag.com /article.asp?id=8793 (809 words)

	6. MONOCULTURE OF AFRICAN CATFISH
		Monoculture of the African catfish can be carried out when suitable feed, with a high protein content is available.
		Feeding with a formulated feed is a prerequisite for intensive monoculture of the African catfish.
		The biomass of the catfish and the daily quantity of feed are then calculated according to the recorded average body weight and estimated survival rate.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/W3595E/w3595e07.htm (1053 words)

	The UnCapitalist Journal » The Seeds of Monoculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In agricultural terms monoculture is the word applied to an extensive area planted with one species.
		And in the case of apple monoculture, because pollinators might not be able to use all resources during bloom they may starve the remainder of the season.
		The main driver of monoculture is economic: economies of scale plus wide distribution means that you can cheaply produce large crops of the same kind of apple and sell it cheaply around the country.
	uncapitalist.com /blog/?itemid=75 (1873 words)

	The Survival Path:Cooperation between Indigenous and Industrial Humanity
		Industrial hi-tech monoculture agriculture is so destructive in terms of fossil fuel use, pollution and desertification that the human species can no longer be sustained by it; only indigenous, traditional agriculture, demonstrably more productive and sustainable, can meet human food needs in the very near future.
		Monoculture is as destructive and dangerous in human social systems as in human agriculture; the failure to respect and protect indigenous and traditional cultures in the attempt to industrialize all humanity according to one model actually hastens human extinction.
		Mining and monoculture farming was instituted on indigenous lands wherever possible, destroying self-sufficient, independent and secure community.
	www.ratical.org /LifeWeb/Articles/survival.html (3012 words)

	Waste Flake : MonoCulture
		Monoculture refers to the cultivation of a single crop — sometimes of a single species of that crop — in one geographical area.
		The Irish potato famine serves as a dramatic example of the peril of monoculture.
		Monoculture and the Irish Potato Famine: Cases of missing genetic variation
	wasteflake.com /tiki-index.php?page=MonoCulture (365 words)

	» Is the fear of the monoculture genuine? \| George Ou \| ZDNet.com
		Monoculture is being singled out because it is seen as one of the key advantages of the incumbent – which in this case is Microsoft.
		Rob Enderledid a superb column defending monoculture in general (never mind the title "In defense of the Microsoft Monoculture") because either a pure Linux monoculture or a pure Microsoft monoculture would be preferable to a multi-OS environment.
		Our own John Carroll did an even more in-depth look at the issues back when the whole debate began.Even ignoring the efficiency gains of a monoculture, it could reasonably be argued that a monoculture is more secure than a mixed environment if you define "secure" as the fight against penetration rather than a system’s survivability.
	blogs.zdnet.com /Ou/index.php?p=34&tag=nl.e539 (830 words)

	Wired News: Warning: Microsoft 'Monoculture'
		After he argued in a paper published last fall that the monoculture amplifies online threats, Geer was fired by security firm @stake, which has had Microsoft as a major client.
		In biology, species with little genetic variation -- or "monocultures" -- are the most vulnerable to catastrophic epidemics.
		Charney says monoculture theory doesn't suggest any reasonable solutions; more use of the Linux -source operating system, a rival to Microsoft Windows, might create a "duoculture," but that would hardly deter sophisticated hackers.
	www.wired.com /news/privacy/0,1848,62307,00.html (679 words)

	September 21st: International Day against Monoculture Tree Plantations
		In many southern countries monoculture tree plantations are advancing rapidly, causing serious negative impacts on local communities as well as on the environment.
		We want no more monocultures and demand that the Government makes no attempt to hand over forest land to industrial houses for raising more eucalyptus or pine plantations.
		“On this International Day against Monoculture Tree Plantations, we demand that governments put an end to the promotion of these socially and environmentally destructive plantations and to instead support efforts made by local communities to improve their quality of life in harmony with their environment”, he concluded.
	www.wrm.org.uy /plantations/september.html (494 words)

	ETHNOLINGUISTIC NOTE 42
		Such conventions and the procedures surrounding their preparation, adoption, and implementation are governed generally by established monoculture practice, and therefore themselves extend monoculture dominion.
		Their way of talking about their subject is likely to assume the monoculture view of the world, and therefore to listen to their arguments at all will require some accommodation to that view.
		Of course, linguists as a group are not concerned with expanding the hegemony of the monoculture.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~grace/eln42.html (1730 words)

	Seeds of destruction \| CNET News.com
		Just as biologists advise farmers to diversify their plantings, computer researchers believe that developers should be given tools to vary characteristics of the same program so that not all would be hobbled by a virus written for a specific version.
		Perhaps the best-known case of a monoculture's catastrophic failure is the Irish Potato Famine.
		MSBlast spread throughout the Internet in a matter of days, but was a tortoise compared with Microsoft SQL Slammer, a worm that researchers believe infected 90 percent of the vulnerable servers on the Internet in 10 minutes.
	news.com.com /2009-7349_3-5140971.html (1816 words)

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