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Topic: Monopodial

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	Bamboo Growth and Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The life span of leaves of monopodial bamboo is no more than 2 years (2465; 2761) whereas that of leaves of sympodial bamboo can extend to about 6 years (1733; 2747).
		In monopodial bamboo, leaf age on culms of a specific age is very similar, whereas in sympodial bamboo it varies greatly.
		In bamboos in tropical climates, the drop in photosynthesis rate during January and February is not as pronounced as for bamboos in temperate/cold climates or it is nonexistent.
	bamboo-agronomy.org /Bamboo_Growth.html (4104 words)

	Bamboo Soil Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Bamboos are categorized into monopodial (running) and sympodial (clumping and generally tropical) types according to the morphology of their (leptomorph and pachymorph) rhizomes.
		Age of all leaves on a culm of a particular age is the same (either 1 year or 2 years) in monopodial bamboos, whereas that in sympodial bamboos is variable (on average 2-5 years).
		Monopodial bamboos shed only their 2-year-old leaves every year, which can cause a dramatic decrease in leaf area, photosynthesis, and consequently shoot/culm production.
	bamboo-agronomy.org /Bamboo_Summary.html (1214 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - RHS Publications: Orchid Review
		A literature survey reveals that branching of the vegetative shoot in monopodial orchids is rarely noticed even though they have a number of axillary buds.
		Moreover, branches of vandaceous monopodial orchids are often referred to inappropriately as offshoots or ‘keikis’.
		Monopodial orchids with terete leaves tend to branch freely.
	www.rhs.org.uk /publications/orchidreview/orchid0505/branching.asp (893 words)

	Monopodial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orchids with monopodial growth habits grow upward from a single point.
		The word Mono-podial is derived from Greek meaning having one foot.
		However, with some monopodial species, the stem (the rhizome) might fork into two, but for all monopodial orchids this is not necessary for continued growth, as opposed to orchids with sympodial growth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monopodial (162 words)

	The Orchid Lady's Orchid Encyclopedia - S
		There are about a dozen petite monopodial epiphytic and three lithophytic species in this genus with all but one species distributed only in Australia inhabiting the tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of the continent.
		There are a dozen miniature monopodial epiphytic species in this genus distributed in southeast Asia.
		There are about 25 miniature monopodial epiphytic or occasionally lithophytic species in this genus distributed from southeast Asia to New Guinea and a few Pacific islands.
	www.orchidlady.com /pages/encyclopedia/s.html (1981 words)

	PAPUA NEW GUINEA ORCHID NEWS
		Monopodial Orchids: Monopodial orchids have a single, continuously elongating axis that enables the plant to grow in a trailing fashion over supporting plants or to form large, dense masses of vegetation.
		The monopodial stem is rarely adapted to water conservation however, it is capable of persisting indefinitely.
		Unlike monopodial orchids, orchids with sympodial growth have a determinate type of growth whereby, after the production of a certain number of leaves, growth abruptly stops or is terminated by an inflorescence.
	www.orchidspng.com /orfam.html (3544 words)

	Fractal branching pattern of the monopodial canine airway -- Wang and Kraman 96 (6): 2194 -- Journal of Applied ...
		Note each monopodial branch in the fractal-branching pattern is considered a segment as long as the whole straight trunk tapered in diameter regardless of how many lateral branches develop from this branch.
		of the monopodial airway from macro- to microscopic spatial
		and branching geometry in the monopodial canine airway.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/96/6/2194 (2994 words)

	Biodiversity of monopodial bamboos and related utilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Thousands of publications about new taxa or taxonomic revisions presently exist, and 35 genera of monopodial bamboos have been recorded so far, although only 11-21 genera are accepted by taxonomists.
		Reports on the ecological and genetic diversity of monopodial bamboos are very limited, and only a few papers are available.
		As regards the utilization of monopodial bamboos, many valuable species are neglected, although the development of new processing techniques will promote the utilization of bamboo wood greatly.
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B03/S29/WAN00BIO80X1202.html (176 words)

	Mr Bamboo - Running Bamboo rhizomes spread underground
		This pattern of growth is known as the monopodial type, and is commonly found in cool climate countries (i.e.
		The culms are erect (diageotropic) and are clear of branches for a substantial height.
		The theory is that bamboo originally existed only in the monopodial form, which continues growing throughout the year, periods of rhizome growth alternating with those in which new sprouts and culms develop.
	www.mrbamboo.com.au /running_bamboo/running_bamboo.html (275 words)

	Monopodial - Orchids
		There are two main growth types in orchids Sympodial (multiple stem) and the Monopodial (single stem).
		Examples of monopodial orchids are Phalaenopsis and Vanda.
		The foliage is generally thick and leathery and grows alternately on the stem.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art38928.asp (155 words)

	* Monopodial - (Gardening): Definition
		Monopodial growth refers to shoots that grow in only one direction, usually vertical.
		Monopodial orchids have a single, upright stem, with leaves arranged opposite each other along the stem.
		Their growth form can be monopodial, growing from one point upward or sympodial, growing from rhizomes.
	en.mimi.hu /gardening/monopodial.html (110 words)

	Repotting Plants
		In the case of monopodial plants like phalaenopsis or vanda, which only have a single growth that will bloom again and again, look for the emergence of new leaves and roots as your signal.
		For monopodial plants, select a pot that is about one- to two inches in diameter smaller than the total leaf span of the plant.
		For monopodial plants, center a mound of medium in the pot, making it tall enough that the plant can be placed right on top of it.
	firstrays.com /potting.htm (1195 words)

	Orchids of The World - Vanda
		It is important to remember that all Vandaceous orchids are of monopodial growth habit.
		There are 70 species of the monopodial genus Vanda and they are spread from India in the west to the NE tip of Australia to the south and then north to China.
		The inflorescences of vandaceous monopodial orchids emanate from the azils of the leaves which are arranged in two rows or ranks.
	www.orchids.mu /Species/Vanda/index.html (1605 words)

	GuestJanet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Orchids are capable of crossing the boundaries of both species and genus when it comes to breeding and as a result there are thousands of intergeneric hybrids that we humans have created in addition to the native species that inhabit the globe.
		Monopodial orchids develop new leaves from a central point.
		The genus Phalaenopsis is an example of monopodial growth and plants in this group have leathery leaves that cascade gracefully from the centers of the plants.
	www.laeom.com /guestjanet.htm (1161 words)

	Baron's Orchids - ...
		Describes monopodial orchids belonging to the African Angracecum orchids and close relatives.
		One of the two forms of orchid growth (the other is monopodial) wherein each new growth arises from the rhizome of a previous growth, and each new growth is capable of bearing an inflorescence.
		A subdivision of species which groups plants with a dintinct form that is passed along to the progeny.
	168.144.137.127 /encyclopedia.asp (2561 words)

	Propagation Of Orchids By Division
		Knowing whether your orchid is a monopodial or a sympodial is important because it will help you pot and grow is successfully.
		Monopodial orchids grow vertically and sympodial orchids grow horizontally.
		One other way of propagating monopodials is when the aerial roots of the orchid are no longer healthy or have rotted off.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /instruct/chlee/plsc368/student/papers02/lritts/orchidpropagation.htm (885 words)

	Repotting Plants
		In the case of monopodial plants like phalaenopsis or vanda, which only have a single growth that will bloom again and again, look for the emergence of new leaves and roots as your signal.
		For monopodial plants, select a pot that is about one- to two inches in diameter smaller than the total leaf span of the plant.
		For monopodial plants, center a mound of medium in the pot, making it tall enough that the plant can be placed right on top of it.
	www.firstrays.com /potting.htm (1195 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In the case of cotton the fruiting bodies are the bolls of cotton.
		One is the monopodial branches and the other one is the sympodial branches.
		At the point of the branch turning from one direction to another, a flower, a subtending leaf, and a lateral bud at the axil of the leaf is produced.
	www.ecoport.org /ep?searchType=glossaryShow&glossaryId=23108&viewType=S (212 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend
		The monopodial, including the Vanda and Aerides, grow continuously from a central crown, which eventually appears atop a long stem that has frequently lost its lower leaves.
		Phalaenopsis, although monopodial, is stemless, but yearly grows a pair of leaves from the characteristic crown.
		The leaves of monopodial orchids are heavy, leathery, fleshy, and capable of storing some quantity of moisture, but the plants must never be allowed to dry out completely.
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=8133265&postID=111224938809297412 (231 words)

	Virtual Cotton Exhibition by Indiaagronet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The stamen colour is pink.plant having 2-3 monopodial branches and remaining are sympodial (fruiting) branches.
		Plants having 2-3 monopodial branches and remaining are sympodial (fruiting) branches.
		Plants having 1-3 monopodial branches and remaining are sympodial (fruiting) branches.
	www.indiaagronet.com /cotton/Exhibition/AnkurSeeds/Data/products.htm (548 words)

	Unonopsis pittieri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This tree grows in the lower layers of the primary forest where it is easily concealed, however the year-round presence of either fruits or flowers greatly aid in its identification.
		The surface of the bole is characteristically contoured with low but wide, sinewy ridges that wind their way up the trunk, weaving back and forth and often merging and diverging with each other.
		Both trees are monopodial residents of the forest understory with perpendicular branching and glossy, somewhat ridged bark.
	www.cds.ed.cr /teachers/harmon/page11.html (591 words)

	Orchid Glossary Terms
		Angraecoid- Term used to describe the monopodial orchids that belong to the African Angraeceum orchids and their close relatives.
		Monopodial- One of the two forms of orchid vegetative growth (the other is sympodial), wherein a single vegetative shoot grows continually upward, such as in the central rosette of Phalaenopsis and the more vine-likeVanda.
		Sympodial- One of the two forms of orchid growth (the other is monopodial), wherein each new growth arises from the rhizome of a previous growth, and each new growth is completely capable of bearing an inflorescence.
	www.theorchidsite.com /orchid_glossary.html (2908 words)

	Criteria for selection of superior bamboo varieties, propagation and plantation establishment - Fu Maoyi
		The main climatic factors that affect monopodial bamboo growth are drought in the growing season and severe cold in winter.
		Monopodial bamboos grow fast and have strong underground rhizome-root systems which vary from 20-30 cm deep, but not deeper than 50 cm.
		It is not suitable to plant monopodial bamboos in sticky, barren or saline-alkali soil.
	www.ipgri.cgiar.org /publications/HTMLPublications/572/ch18.htm (4471 words)

	Sympodial and monopodial growth
		This is not true monopodial growth as the leading stem stops growing and produces a flower head each year.
		However, as in monopodial growth, additional branches grow from the leaf buds on the stem.
		Either the books are wrong (they are not wind pollinated!), I am wrong (they are monopodial!), or Conebushes are a long way from yielding all their secrets.
	protea.worldonline.co.za /sympodl.htm (542 words)

	Bamboo Select \| Learning More About Bamboo
		The term itself, as originally conceived, suggested, incorrectly, that species, such as Shibataea kumasaca, with its "monopodial rhizomes" and tillering culms possessed both rhizome types.
		However, if the terms amphipodial, sympodial, and monopodial are applied more narrowly and authentically, referring only to branching habit, rather than to rhizome type, then the term amphipodial is both useful and valid.
		In monopodial branching, a single, dominant stem, or axis, gives rise to secondary branches, or axes.
	bamboo1.fatcow.com /consumer/bamboo/glossary_main.php (2883 words)

	Orchid Growth Patterns
		New growth begins at the base of the leading pseudoblub from a place called an "eye." Many of these orchids also form a specialized leaf-like structure called a sheath at the base of the leaves of the leading pseudobulb in which the flower is formed.
		rchids with monopodial growth grow upward from a single point.
		Growing taller, in a single direction from a single stem as it matures.
	www.orchidlady.com /pages/encyclopedia/orchid_growth_types.html (285 words)

	Fruiting Distribution Patterns Among Three Cotton Varieties Under Irrigated Conditions
		Kerby and Buxton (1981) reported that 76% of the bolls retained were on the first position of sympodial branches, and that six to eight percent of the bolls retained came from fruiting sites other than positions one and two on sympodial branches.
		Monopodial branches were found to produce three to nine percent of the total yield for Delta type cultivars (Jenkins et al., 1990).
		All cotton on the monopodial branches was harvested as one position.
	ag.arizona.edu /pubs/crops/az1006/az10062a.html (1650 words)

	Botany online: Features of Flowering Plants - The Stem
		To characterize a shoot, its type of branching and its surface (smooth, hairy, with or without grooves, round or squared) is used, as well as the ratio of heights to diameter.
		Monopodial branching exists, if a continuous main shoot has feeble apical shoots.
		Sympodial branching is given, if apical shoots of different generations exist at the same time since the apical meristem of each sympodial branch has either died or is differentiated into a flower, a thorn or a tendril and has thus lost its ability to grow.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e02/02a.htm (729 words)

	Section 9: Branching of Shoot Systems
		Monopodial branching is a pattern of branching in which there is one main shoot with lateral branches emerging from it.
		Many firs and spruces exhibit monopodial branching patterns, therefore the Christmas tree image is a good example of monopodial branching.
		Sympodial branching occurs when the apical meristem of the main shoot is determinant in its growth pattern.
	botit.botany.wisc.edu /courses/structure_cd/labs/B9/9.htm (690 words)

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