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Topic: Monopoly on violence

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	Violence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Violence refers to acts —typically connotative with aggressive and criminal behaviour —which intend to cause or is causing of injury to persons, animals, or (in limited cases) property.
		One of the main functions of law is to regulate violence (indeed, the sociologist Max Weber famously stated that the state is a monopoly on violence).
		Degrees of violence that are not accepted by a society's norms are commonly regarded as cruel, and may be termed extra-normal violence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Violence (776 words)

	Weber's Thesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example in the United States of America, the Second Amendment to the constitution is frequently taken to authorize the existence of armed civilian militias, which in theory could challenge the government.
		Thus, examples of the use and abuse of the monopoly on physical force are common in anarchist discussion.
		Anarchists, on the other hand, often argue that since the state's authority relies on its monopoly on violence, that violence is the essence of the state, permeating everything.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monopoly_on_the_legitimate_use_of_physical_force (1020 words)

	Holistic Junction: Articles
		The author leads us gently to the conclusion that the monopoly of law-making and the monopoly of violence are inextricable if not one and the same.
		The people is not the one to grant the monopoly of violence - the nation does not even exist prior to the coalescence of this power.
		Violence bestows democratic legitimacy upon and establishes the democratic credentials of its perpetrator.
	www.holisticjunction.com /displayarticle.cfm?ID=1644 (2620 words)

	Iviews.com
		States seek to enforce this monopoly by amassing instruments of violence; but that is scarcely enough.
		It is a country that was founded on violence against its native inhabitants; this led, over three centuries of expansion, to the near extermination of Indians, with the few survivors relocated to inhospitable reservations.
		Its history also includes the violence - on a nearly equal scale - perpetrated against the Africans who were torn from their continent to create wealth for the new Republic.
	www.iviews.com /Articles/articles.asp?ref=IV0309-2091 (1439 words)

	State -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For example, a country such as Iraq (as of April 2005) would not be seen as truly having a state since the ability to use violence was shared between the U.S. occupiers and a variety of independent or insurgent militias (plus terrorist groups), while order and security were not maintained.
		Under capitalism, on the other hand, the use of force is centralized in a specialized organization which protects the capitalists' class monopoly of ownership of the (Click link for more info and facts about means of production) means of production, allowing the exploitation of those without such ownership.
		In modern Marxian theory, such class domination can coincide with other forms of domination (such as (A form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line) patriarchy and (Click link for more info and facts about ethnic) ethnic hierarchies).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/st/state.htm (1880 words)

	Urban Dictionary: monopoly
		Monopoly made the child grow up to be a CEO who also thought he was a car.
		monopoly: A legal concept that has been legislated out of existence by attorneys, judges, and legislators.
		Now that all legal definitions of monopoly are unlawful, simply understand this: When a corporation is so big that it doesn't need to worry about whether consumers like doing business with it, because they have no choice, it's a monopoly.
	www.urbandictionary.com /define.php?term=monopoly&r=f (619 words)

	Central Europe Review - Sam Vaknin: Dreamworld and Catastrophe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The author draws on Walter Benjamin, Carl P Schmitt (whom she describes on page eight merely as being "briefly a member of the Nazi Party"!) and others in formulating a set of exegetic principles which she then applies to this sad past century.
		"The rightful power of the democratic sovereignty to wage war is the source of its legitimate claim to the monopoly of violence and to the exercise of terror" (p 8).
		Put differently: it is the act of claiming the monopoly of violence (and of exercising it against a common enemy) that creates a polity—not vice versa.
	www.ce-review.org /00/32/vaknin32.html (2573 words)

	NYU > The Center on Violence and Recovery > IV&R Public Awareness
		Intimate violence is firmly planted in the public mind as a serious social problem after several decades of consciousness-raising.
		However, the public image of intimate violence is much like a keyhole view, where an over-reliance on criminalization has obscured the problem's human complexity.
		Intimate violence can be a two-sided exchange, with both partners—male and female—contributing aggression, be it emotional, verbal or physical.
	www.nyu.edu /cvr/intimate/ivr_awareness.html (281 words)

	angry_in_t_o: A post about the importance of picking your fights… (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The police, as agents of the government, have the recognized authority to employ violence in the pursuit of their goals, and are the only ones so recognized.
		As a basic principle of civics, the notion of monopoly of violence exists at almost the subconscious level.
		In these areas, the concept of "nation" dependent on the monopoly of violence criterion is so compact geographically (a few city blocks for a local gang, for example) as to be meaningless.
	www.livejournal.com /users/angry_in_t_o/10381.html (2192 words)

	Monopoly on violence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In most systems of law, certain organisations are authorised to use violence against people who violate the law, and to imprison those people.
		The most common theoretical constraint on the use of violence by members of these organisations is that they are only allowed to use a minimum of violence for self-defence or to prevent a violent action necessarily going to occur, and should be carried out using a "proportionate" amount of force.
		In theory, any imprisonment is usually only allowed to be temporary, while the legal process[?] starts happening for the allegations against the accused to be written down, analysed and judged according to the written down law of the nation-state.
	www.city-search.org /mo/monopoly-on-violence.html (406 words)

	The Changing Definition of Security
		The theoretical difficulty with limiting the concept of security to the use of physical violence is that all economic and political relations are characterized by force, whether threatened or actually employed.
		There are many just uses of violence, as in the case of threatening force (even only the level of force necessary for arrest, trial, and imprisonment) against those who would violate individual rights--and these acts do not become less forceful because they happen to be just.
		Yet there is no reason to generalize the ends of security beyond the protection of the local monopoly of violence, and thereby to jettison the useful work that the concept still can perform.
	www.stevesachs.com /papers/paper_security.html (2080 words)

	Learn more about Anarchism in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Anarchism first achieved mass media attention during the Second Industrial Revolution, when anarchists assassinated rulers of Russia (1881); the French Republic (1894); Italy (1900); and the United States (1901).
		Although anarchists are divided on whether, or not, to accept violence as a political tool, most anarchists reject such "propaganda by deed" as ineffectual at best and counterproductive at worst.
		anarchism and violence (some anarchists see a use or need for violence, others are non-violent, etc.)
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/an/anarchism.html (1232 words)

	ipedia.com: Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force is a political concept formalized by the sociologist Max Weber, in his 1918 speech Politik als Beruf.
		Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force Article - ipedia.com
		The philosopher Thomas Hobbes strongly supported the state monopoly on force as he believes that in the state of nature humans are essentially malevolent and only the threat and use of force by the state maintains an orderly society.
	www.ipedia.com /monopoly_on_the_legitimate_use_of_physical_force.html (1082 words)

	The Seven Loose Pieces of the Global Jigsaw Puzzle
		The "professionals of legitimate violence" as the repressive apparatus of the modern states call themselves.
		And so the struggle between rational and irrational violence opens an interesting and lamentable path of discussion, it is not useless in present times.
		We should understand then that if the dispute for the "monopoly of violence" does not take place according to the laws of the market, but is rejected and defied from the bottom, the world power "discovers" in this challenge a "possible aggressor".
	www.raptorial.com /Zine/Marcos/Marcos5.html (961 words)

	AlterNet: The Quest for a Monopoly on Violence
		AlterNet: The Quest for a Monopoly on Violence
		Thanks to the invasion and occupation of Iraq, the number of dead is in the tens of thousands, and rising by the hour.
		As for the carnage that results from unleashing the Pentagon's violence, the rationales are inexhaustible.
	www.alternet.org /story.html?StoryID=18365 (657 words)

	Localized Monopoly
		Monopoly and started a new game, what you will see first is the board with all the properties.
		Monopoly is a very accurate replication of the board game.
		monopoly powers that urban governance can command can be directed towards opposition to the banal cosmopolitanism of multinational globalization but in so doing ground localized...
	www.inneans.com /games/Localized-Monopoly.html (587 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Opinion \| Dialectics of terror
		Arguably, such a tradeoff was at work during the period of European expansion since the 16th century, when Europeans slowly secured political rights even as they engaged in growing, even genocidal, violence, especially against non-Europeans.
		Its history also includes the violence -- on a nearly equal scale -- perpetrated against the Africans who were torn from their continent to create wealth for the new republic.
		Such a genesis, steeped in violence against others' races, convinced most Americans that they had the divine right -- like the ancient Israelites -- to build their prosperity on the ruin of other, "inferior" races.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/658/op31.htm (3526 words)

	Meatball Wiki: RaisingSocialCosts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If you believe that the government has the monopoly on violence, then obviously anybody has the right to disagree with property damage and violence.
		To begin with is the implication that there is any connection between government's monopoly of violence and the law.
		Finally, anarchists reject the government's monopoly on violence and, statements to the contrary, there is nothing barbaric or backwards about it anymore than a victim of spousal abuse finally shooting her husband.
	www.usemod.com /cgi-bin/mb.pl?RaisingSocialCosts (1519 words)

	the peoples republic of europe news
		Monopoly of violence did get very nice reviews in several magazines and webzines.
		Title of this new work is "Monopoly of violence" and it consist of 13 tracks.
		"Monopoly of violence" is a harsh album targetted at industrial dancefloors around the world.
	www.angelfire.com /goth/peoplesrepublic/news.htm (1671 words)

	The Green[e]house Effect: a Weblog: Stating the Obvious (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There is a very simple notion in political science, one that goes back to Max Weber: A state possesses, by definition, a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence, and it protects that monopoly.
		There is no Palestinian state, and a non-existent state can not have a monopoly on violence.
		Any decision not to negotiate or make concessions until the violence abates is nothing but a cheap rationalisation for maintaining the status quo indefinitely.
	greenehouse.net /archives/000681.html (423 words)

	Winds of Change.NET: Max Weber and the Palestinian State
		If no social institutions existed which knew the use of violence, then the concept of 'state' would be eliminated, and a condition would emerge that could be designated as 'anarchy,' in the specific sense of this word.
		Today, however, we have to say that a state is a human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory.
		Scott M misses the point altogether - the reason the PA does not have a monopoly on the use of force is that Arafat was never interested in the PA having true state power.
	www.windsofchange.net /archives/003634.php (1195 words)

	Rebellion Against Water Monopoly
		But when a monopoly operator gets its fist around a city's water spigots, it can pump the funds for capital projects from captive customers rather than shareholders.
		Samuel Sora, the Bolivian government's former consultant on the water projects, said he was unable to extract from IWL evidence of it having put any funds at all into the operation.
		Britain is re-establishing imperial reach through rapid low-capital takeovers of former state assets, concentrated in infrastructure where monopoly control virtually guarantees an outsized profit.
	www.progress.org /archive/water14.htm (1183 words)

	Stanford Humanities Center Fellows 2004-2005 - Sheehan
		Sheehan's project, entitled "The Monopoly of Violence: War and the State in Twentieth-Century Europe," proceeds from the assumption that states were best defined and understood in terms of their claim to monopolize legitimate violence, and especially their claim to the right to wage war, the most concentrated and significant form of political violence.
		He intends to trace the changing meaning of these claims for the history of European states from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present.
		Sheehan argues that in 1900, the state's monopoly of violence was the most important source and expression of its existence; a state was, above all else, a set of institutions with the right and the capacity to wage war.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/SHC/fellowships/0405sheehan.htm (230 words)

	Means of protection
		A means of protection is some contract or guarantee of security for body or property.
		It is usually achieved, in a modern state society, by agreeing to some social contract including a monopoly on violence, e.g.
		This term is particularly relevant to anarchism and minarchy, where no monopoly on violence may exist, or where it may not have powers to intervene in all situations, e.g.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/m/me/means_of_protection.html (223 words)

	No religion has a monopoly on violence and misuse (by Mohamed Elmasry) - Media Monitors Network (MMN) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Not only Mahatma Gandhi, but also prime ministers Indira Gandhi (not related) and her son Rajiv -- all Hindus -- were assassinated by other Hindus, adding to history's grim record of factional and sectarian violence by followers of the same predominantly pacifist faith.
		During inter-religious violence in Gujurat during 2002, an estimated 2,000 Indian Muslims died and according to Indian writer Arundhati Roy, the resulting riots were part of "a deliberate, systematic attempt to destroy the economic base of the Muslim community.
		The lesson for all in these troubled times: do not blame a religion, any religion, as the root cause for so much violence in today's world.
	usa.mediamonitors.net /content/view/full/5301 (966 words)

	SEMINAR 1, CURRENT STRATEGY FORUM, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE, 15 JUNE 1999, A CHARGE FROM THE DEAN, DR. WOODS
		If the leadership of a force that has a monopoly on military violence turns evil, then what you will have is a global military dictatorship that has a monopoly on military violence."
		The Pentagon would not be enunciating this view unless its civilian leaders -- both the President and the Congress -- shared it.
		Finally, Commander Smith and all others who share this viewpoint, are fatally assuming that the leadership of such a monopoly on military force will always be benevolent and wise.
	www.cuttingedge.org /NEWS/n1298.cfm (890 words)

	The Quest for a Monopoly on Violence
		A year ago, when a Saddam Hussein statue famously collapsed in Baghdad, top officials in Washington preened themselves as liberators.
		A "monopoly on violence" used to be the insult that Libertarians used to describe governments.
		Now governments have sunk so low that it seems no longer to be considered an insult.
	www.progress.org /2004/sol131.htm (713 words)

	The Quest for a Monopoly on Violence - by Norman Solomon
		The Quest for a Monopoly on Violence - by Norman Solomon
		True to form – as was the case during the Vietnam War – the president certainly knows how to keep ordering the use of violence on a massive scale.
		"Now Americans must steel themselves for administering the violence necessary to disarm or defeat Iraq's urban militias, which replicate the problem of modern terrorism – violence that has slipped the leash of states."
	www.antiwar.com /orig/solomon.php?articleid=2276 (734 words)

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