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Topic: Monopropellant

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	Monopropellant rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A monopropellant rocket (or "monoprop rocket") is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its power source and propellant.
		Another monopropellant is hydrogen peroxide, which when purified to 90% or higher is self combustible at high temperatures, or with a catalyst.
		Most monopropellant rocket systems consist of a fuel tank, usually a titanium or aluminum sphere, with a ethylene-propylene rubber bladder filled with the fuel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monopropellant_rocket (443 words)

	Monopropellant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Monopropellants are rocket propellants (usually liquid) that can be used by themselves, without the need for a second component.
		The most common monopropellants currently used are hydrazine and occassionally hydrogen peroxide, both of which are generally decomposed with a catalyst bed or thermal bed in a rocket engine to produce thrust.
		For the most part, the people working on monopropellants came to the conclusion that any single substance that contained enough energy to compete with bipropellants would be too unstable to handle safely under practical conditions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monopropellant (246 words)

	Method of and system for controlling a fluidic valve - Patent 4819431 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If a decrease in gas flow is required, liquid monopropellant is injected into the chamber 4 through the inlet port 8 where it burns to produce a large volume of gas causing a vortex and reducing the outlet gas flow.
		Monopropellant is fed to one of a number of vortex valves 30 via a valve 32.
		Each of the thrusters incorporates a fluidic vortex valve the output gas from which is controlled by adjusting the flow of liquid monopropellant through a liquid control valve located in a duct leading to the vortex chamber as for example as shown in FIG.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4819431.html (1185 words)

	Monopropellant combustion system - Patent 20040226280 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A group of these monopropellants may generally be characterized as having a major portion (e.g., at least about 75% (percentages by weight unless oterwise indicated)) of one or more ionic salts.
		The exemplary path is shown bounded by a helical passageway having an inlet 342 from the conduit 316 and an outlet 344 at the downstream end of the combustion chamber.
		In the exemplary embodiment, the outlet 344 is at an outboard portion of the combustion chamber separated from a downstream inboard portion by an annular wall 350.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /20040226280.html (3249 words)

	EADS Hydrazine Thrusters
		Monopropellant hydrazine thrusters for satellites, spacecraft, space probes and launch vehicle attitude control.
		Thrust is produced by the decomposition of hydrazine as it passes through a catalyst bed.
		Our monopropellant thrusters are manufactured at the EADS facility in Lampoldshausen, Germany, which is within the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), near Stuttgart.
	cs.space.eads.net /sp/SpacecraftPropulsion/MonopropellantThrusters.html (585 words)

	Advanced Monopropellant Thruster Technology
		A new family of environmentally friendly, low-freezing-point, high-density monopropellants is being developed under a NASA Glenn technology program.
		HAN-based monopropellants contain HAN as the oxidizer component (typically 60 wt %), a fuel component, and water.
		This technology work involved laboratory-thruster testing of a range of amines, acids, and alcohols as fuel components in the HAN formulation; material compatibility testing with common aerospace materials; thermal stabilization; a strand-burning investigation; reactor development, including the screening of catalysts, injectors, and bed configurations; and life testing of a 4.5-N thruster.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT1999/5000/5430reed.html (487 words)

	LOX Monopropellants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Such a monopropellant would eliminate half the propellant systems which would save weight and reduce the cost of launch vehicles.
		After evaluating the various combinations from the standpoint of performance, shock sensitivity and cost, kerosene/LOX monopropellant was chosen as the one to develop.
		The monopropellant was successfully test fired in a small rocket engine without flashback from the combustion chamber to the propellant tank as shown below.
	www.space-rockets.com /Loxmono.html (148 words)

	Interlunar Taxi Spacevehicle
		Earlier, I was worried about flash-back with monopropellant and envisioned a hybrid motor with LOX and sintered aluminum beads; however, I have abandoned this in favor of monopropellant made from a suspension of ultrasonically mixed Si and Al powder and LUNOX.
		Also, it will be much easier to store monopropellant at taxiports and fuel up taxis than it would be to manufacture segmented solid casings loaded with solid fuel in the form of sintered aluminum beads that have to be removed, broken down and replaced after each flight to "refuel" the taxi.
		The lateral cylindrical tanks are 3.25m x 35m and have 290 cubic meters each for a total of 882 tons of monopropellant with a density of 1.52.
	www.moonminer.com /taxi.html (910 words)

	Monopropellant biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A (usually liquid) rocket propellant that can be used by itself, without the need for a second component.
		Monopropellants can either be a single chemical that can be made to decompose exothermically, or a mixture of chemicals (generally a fuel and an oxidizer) that can be made to react with one another and release energy.
		The most common monopropellants currently used are hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine, both of which are generally decomposed with a catalyst bed or thermal bed in a rocket engine to produce thrust.
	monopropellant.biography.ms (189 words)

	The Blue Flame (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		monopropellant and the decomposition of peroxide was used to power pumps in the original Nazi V-2 rockets.
		As mentioned, the calculations for methane addition were apparently incidental to the primary goal of monopropellant design, but gas was, indeed, expected to improve the thrust.
		By my estimates, the space velocity of the vaporized peroxide over the silver-samarium catalyst was approximately 30 million; also the methane was expected to react with the oxygen at temperatures (allowing for the methane evaporation and superheat) of about 1250ºF at a space velocity of about 1.5 million.
	members.aol.com /KingstonChas/TheBlueFlame.html (5408 words)

	Monopropellant rocket explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This is because the chemical when energized, spontaneously, decomposes and then the decomposition products "reduce," or change in ionic state by reacting with each other, as opposed to an outside oxidant.
		Most monopropellant rocket systems consist of a fuel tank, usually a titanium or aluminum sphere, with a nitryl rubber bladder filled with the fuel.
		Unfortunately, monopropellants are not nearly as efficient as the other propulsion technologies.
	www.wordspider.net /mo/monopropellant-rocket.html (694 words)

	Micromachined Monopropellant Thrusters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A report proposes monopropellant microthrusters for a new generation of miniature spacecraft with mission lifetimes stretching into years.
		Like some previously designed monopropellant thrusters, these thrusters would generate expanding gases and thereby generate thrust through catalytic dissociation of liquid hydrazine; however, these thrusters would be considerably smaller.
		Moreover, instead of putting catalytic pellets in chambers according to the previous designs, one would roughen the inner walls of the chambers and coat them with iridium or some other suitable catalyst.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/May98/NPO20159.html (203 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Nitrous Oxide-Organic Liquid Monopropellant Rocket (NOOLMR) is a new rocket concept using nitrous oxide mixed with a small amount of a liquid organic fuel, such as an alcohol or hydrocarbon, as a monopropellant.
		Liquid monopropellants are often used in propulsion systems where simplicity of design, restartability/control on demand, and repeatability is desired, such as in spacecraft reaction control systems (RCS), which exhibit modest performance.
		For example, hydrazine is commonly used as a monopropellant in attitude control thrusters in spacecraft.
	www.spacepda.net /abstracts/00/sbir_html/001273.html (329 words)

	monopropellant
		A single liquid, used in a liquid-propellant rocket engine, that serves as both fuel and oxidizer.
		A monopropellant decomposes into a hot gas when an appropriate catalyst is introduced.
		The commonest example is hydrazine, often used in spacecraft attitude control jets.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/M/monopropellant.html (117 words)

	Rocket Man Blog: The Black Armadillo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Of these three types of engines, the easiest one to operate in theory is the monopropellant engine, followed closely by the hybrid rocket engine and then the bi-propellant engine (some people might argue that the hybrid is easier in theory then the monopropellant engine, and I agree it is debatable).
		Having never designed a hydrogen peroxide monopropellant engine myself, I thought he might be trying to increase the decomposition rate of the hydrogen peroxide with this method, but I wasn’t sure.
		As tradeoffs go, this one does not seem that bad, because on their test engine they were only adding “4 scfm of air and 0.38 scfm (23 scfh) of indicated propane flow (not corrected for density), and they are injecting it fairly close to the combustion chamber so the plumbing is not that complicated.
	www.rocketmanblog.com /2003/09/the_black_armad.html (2457 words)

	Propulsion System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They provide a large thrust in a short time, which is advantageous in terms of providing an efficient impulsive burn but means that they can impose large structural loads and accelerations on spacecraft, especially low-mass ones.
		Bipropellant systems burn separate fuel and oxidizer; they are more complex than monopropellant systems but are also more efficient.
		For this not to exceed 1000 kg means that for a monopropellant hydrazine boost stage the payload mass would be limited to 40 kg for V
	www.cix.co.uk /~sjbradshaw/msc/propuls.html (1908 words)

	Progress in Advanced Propellant Research - Storming Media
		This cation could be the first step to a very high performance monopropellant composed entirely of nitrogen.
		Significant successes have also been recently made in a monopropellant development program targeted to replace hydrazine with much lower toxicity and higher performance propellants.
		Monopropellant formulations from this effort have predicted performance exceeding that of some bipropellant systems.
	www.stormingmedia.us /86/8631/A863183.html (285 words)

	John Wickman - Experience and Background
		In 1995, he was principal investigator on Phase I of the LOX/kerosene monopropellant rocket engine SBIR contract with the NASA Glenn Research Center.
		In a previous SBIR contract, he demonstrated the feasibility of LOX/hydrocarbon monopropellants with shock sensitivity and combustion tests.
		The revolutionary idea of premixing liquid oxygen and hydrocarbons to form a safe liquid monopropellant could have a major impact on the future of liquid rocket engine technology.
	www.space-rockets.com /jwback.html (782 words)

	Hybrid rockets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A hybrid rocket engine is typically very, very clean, second only to oxygen/hydrogen or hydrogen peroxide monopropellant fueled rockets.
		Hybrids rockets are much more reliable than their liquid counterparts (partially due a significant reduction in the number of moving parts).
		Almost all the hydrogen peroxide monopropellant rockets can be converted to a hybrid rocket by the adition of a solid fuel charge in the combustion chamber, this increases the ISP a lot and is significantly less costly that liquid bi-propellant rockets.
	www.tecaeromex.com /ingles/hybrid.html (190 words)

	ARCA_TESTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The engine used monopropellant fuel (hydrogen peroxide 68% mixed with ethylic alcohol).
		The objective was to test the monopropellant system for Demonstrator 2 vehicle.
		We achieved all objectives: almost complete decomposition of 60% concentration hydrogen peroxide (we did not extract the stabilizer from it), optimization of the catalyst bed, full pressure and thrust.
	www.arcaspace.ro /en/tests.htm (545 words)

	Artemis Project: All About Hydrazine
		bipropellant thrusters, although monopropellant thrusters range from three times lighter to being of equal weight for a given thrust (the thrusters listed in the 100-150 N range were of equal T:W).
		Hydrazine monopropellant systems have also been used as auxiliary power units on aircraft.
		While all flavours of hydrazine typically used as rocket propellants have very similar properties, and the information here pertains to all of them, it is in physical properties such as boiling point and vapour pressure that the methyl hydrazines differ most importantly.
	www.asi.org /adb/04/03/09/hydrazine-info.html (1541 words)

	ARCA_ARCHIVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		World first composite materials reusable monopropellant rocket engine was “pushed” today to full thrust for 20 sec.
		ARCA is proud to announce that from the data we have until now, the system tested on April 1-3 is the world first reusable monopropellant propulsion system integrally constructed from composite materials.
		Today was deployed on ground, for the first time, the main parachute for the monopropellant demonstrator rocket.
	www.arcaspace.ro /en/archive.htm (2468 words)

	Characterization of Reduced Toxicity, High Performance Monopropellants at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory - ...
		Aside from a low melting point and toxicity, there are a number of properties that are desirable for a monopropellant successor to hydrazine.
		This report presents the results of tests of specific properties of a new monopropellant (AFN1) that is under investigation by AFRL and compared them to hydrazine.
		Experimental results are provided for density, vapor toxicity, carbon content of exhaust, melting point, detonability, friction and impact sensitivity, Adiabatic compressibility, thermal stability, critical diameter, viscosity, velocity, and theoretical performance with regard to specific impulse, density, volumetric impulse, and detonation velocity.
	www.stormingmedia.us /20/2011/A201114.html (310 words)

	What is hydrazine? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hydrazine is a family of compounds that are used in the rocket industry as monopropellants.
		It is used as a monopropellant because hydrazine will decompose (ignite) when placed in contact with platinum group metal catatlysts.
		Hydrazine is popular with satellite builders because the monopropellant properties save space, complexity, and weight.
	www.qrg.northwestern.edu /projects/vss/docs/Propulsion/3-what-is-hydrazine.html (100 words)

	PHOENICS: PDR/31
		The PHOENICS computer code is applied to the two-phase-flow simulation of the one-dimensional, steady monopropellant rocket, for which an exact solution of the equations exists.
		The differential equations and boundary conditions for the two-phase-flow simulation of the one-dimensional, steady monopropellant rocket have been set up and solved.
		Good agreement with this solution is demonstrated by the numerical simulation based upon the so-called "shadow" technique in the numerical model.
	www.simuserve.com /cfd-shop/pdr-31.htm (151 words)

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