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Topic: Monroe Doctrine

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	Monroe Doctrine - MSN Encarta
		It was made by President James Monroe in his seventh annual address to the Congress of the United States on December 2, 1823; it eventually became one of the foundations of U.S. policy in Latin America.
		The Monroe Doctrine was developed because the United States and Britain were concerned over the possibility of European colonial expansion in the Americas.
		As far as the United States was concerned, the Monroe Doctrine meant little until the 1840s, when presidents John Tyler and then James Polk used it to justify U.S. expansion.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576570/Monroe_Doctrine.html (699 words)

	The American Revolution (James Monroe) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Monroe was born in Westmoreland county, Va., on April 28, 1758, the son of a modest planter.
		Monroe's role in the conflict was peripheral, because it was contrary to Republican doctrine for the executive to exert direct pressure on Congress.
		Monroe's second term was rendered uncomfortable by the bitterness created by the Missouri debates and by the rivalry of the aspirants to succeed him as president.
	theamericanrevolution.org /ipeople/jmonroe.asp (3062 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		MONROE DOCTRINE, statement of U.S. policy on the activities and rights of European powers in the western hemisphere, made by President James Monroe in his seventh annual address to the U.S. Congress on Dec. 2, 1823; it eventually became one of the foundations of U.S. policy in Latin America.
		Despite Polk’s use of the doctrine and its increasing popularity in the 1850s, the American Civil War greatly reduced its effectiveness during the 1860s; hence, Spain’s reacquisition of the Dominican Republic (1861) and France’s intervention in Mexico (1862–67) went largely unopposed.
		Roosevelt’s corollary to the Monroe Doctrine justified subsequent U.S. intervention in Caribbean states during the administrations of Presidents William Taft and Woodrow Wilson.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/us_history/monroe_doctrine.html (746 words)

	Monroe Doctrine. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The doctrine was not ratified by any congressional legislation; it did not obtain a place in international law, and the term Monroe Doctrine did not come into general circulation until the 1850s.
		The Monroe Doctrine was so deeply embedded in U.S. foreign policy by the end of World War I that Woodrow Wilson asked for a special exception for it in the Covenant of the League of Nations in 1919.
		Under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the doctrine was redefined as a multilateral undertaking to be applied by all the nations of the hemisphere acting together, and emphasis was placed on Pan-Americanism.
	www.bartleby.com /65/mo/MonroeDo.html (1042 words)

	Monroe Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first use of the yet unnamed doctrine was in 1836 when Americans objected to Britain's alliance with Texas on the principle of the Monroe Doctrine.
		The Drago Doctrine was announced on December 29, 1902 by the Foreign Minister of Argentina.
		During the Cold War, the Monroe doctrine was applied to Latin America by the framers of U.S. foreign policy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monroe_Doctrine (1874 words)

	American President
		Monroe continued to serve his government in Europe, representing the United States as U.S. minister to Britain from 1803 to 1807, with a brief stint as special envoy to Spain in 1805.
		Monroe's second crisis came the same year, when the entrance of Missouri to the Union as a slave state threatened to disrupt the legislative balance between North and South.
		Monroe worked in support of the compromise and, after ascertaining that the provisions were constitutional, signed the bill.
	www.americanpresident.org /history/jamesmonroe (1450 words)

	Monroe Doctrine - LoveToKnow 1911
		This American attitude towards the European powers became crystallized in what is known as the Monroe Doctrine, since it was first announced officially in a concrete form, though not originated, by President Monroe.
		His declaration was the result of American apprehension that the combination of European powers known as the Holy Alliance would interfere in South America to restore the Spanish colonies, which had asserted their independence, to the crown of Spain.
		No legislative sanction was given to Monroe's statement of policy at the time, and in fact none was needed, for the mere announcement served to prevent foreign action in South America.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Monroe_Doctrine (1003 words)

	Presidents: James Monroe
		Monroe is best known for the "Monroe Doctrine." which stated that the United States would not allow European interference in the Western Hemisphere.
		James Monroe was born at Monroe's Creek in Westmoreland County, Virginia, to a father of Scottish and a mother of Welsh descent.
		From 1803-1807, Monroe was Minister to Great Britain, a job that he found increasingly difficult as he was not successful in convincing the British to abandon their policy of impressment of US citizens, the largest problem in US British relations.
	www.multied.com /Bio/presidents/monroe.html (606 words)

	Monroe Doctrine
		The statement, known as the Monroe Doctrine, was little noted by the Great Powers of Europe, but eventually became a longstanding tenet of U.S. foreign policy.
		Monroe's administration forewarned the imperial European powers against interfering in the affairs of the newly independent Latin American states or potential United States territories.
		The doctrine's greatest extension came with Theodore Roosevelt's Corollary, which inverted the original meaning of the doctrine and came to justify unilateral U.S. broadened in Latin America.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/time/jd/16321.htm (568 words)

	The Monroe Doctrine
		THE MONROE DOCTRINE, was the fruition of early American policy.
		The Monroe Doctrine is not a legislative pronouncement; it has been approved by action of Congress, but it does not rest upon congressional sanction.
		Such interposition may have the actual and intended effect of avoiding the interposition of non-American powers and the consequent activities and developments at which the Monroe Doctrine was aimed, but the right of the United States to give appropriate protection to its nationals is regarded as quite distinct from the doctrine.
	history-world.org /monroe_doctrine.htm (1951 words)

	The Monroe Doctrine
		When Lorraine Monroe became principal of Harlem's Frederick Douglass School, it was well known for violence, poor attendance, and a low level of academic achievement.
		Monroe's tour came to an end at the dingy principal's office -- her new place of business.
		Monroe left Frederick Douglass in 1997 to found the School Leadership Academy at the Center for Educational Innovation.
	www.fastcompany.com /online/28/lmonroe.html (2317 words)

	Monroe Doctrine - dKosopedia
		Articulated by President Monroe's Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, the Monroe Doctrine declared the Americas were off-limits to further European influence and colonization.
		The Monroe Doctrine was issued in a message to Congress on December 2, 1823, informing the European powers that attempts to further influence or colonize in the Western Hemisphere would be considered detrimental to American interests.
		And in the 1980's Reagan Administration officials used the doctrine to defend their financial and logictic support of the rightist Contra terrorists against the government of Nicaragua.
	www.dkosopedia.com /wiki/Monroe_Doctrine (364 words)

	Biography of James Monroe (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1758, Monroe attended the College of William and Mary, fought with distinction in the Continental Army, and practiced law in Fredericksburg, Virginia.
		In foreign affairs Monroe proclaimed the fundamental policy that bears his name, responding to the threat that the more conservative governments in Europe might try to aid Spain in winning back her former Latin American colonies.
		Monroe did not begin formally to recognize the young sister republics until 1822, after ascertaining that Congress would vote appropriations for diplomatic missions.
	www.whitehouse.gov.cob-web.org:8888 /history/presidents/jm5.html (621 words)

	Monroe Doctrine: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)
		The Monroe Doctrine was declared in a few paragraphs of President James Monroe's seventh annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823.
		Monroe warned European countries not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere, stating "that the American continents.
		Before publicly unveiling the Monroe Doctrine, President James Monroe wrote a letter to Thomas Jefferson seeking foreign policy advice on October 17, 1823.
	www.loc.gov /rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Monroe.html (424 words)

	Monroe Doctrine — FactMonster.com
		Monroe Doctrine: Application and Extension - Application and Extension The doctrine was not ratified by any congressional legislation; it did...
		Monroe Doctrine: Origins and Pronouncement - Origins and Pronouncement The doctrine grew out of two diplomatic problems.
		James Monroe: Presidency and the Monroe Doctrine - Presidency and the Monroe Doctrine In 1816 Monroe obtained the presidential nomination and was...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0833774.html (154 words)

	usnews.com: The People's Vote: Monroe Doctrine (1823)
		President James Monroe’s 1823 annual message to Congress contained the Monroe Doctrine, which warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
		The doctrine was conceived to meet major concerns of the moment, but it soon became a watchword of U.S. policy in the Western Hemisphere.
		The Monroe Doctrine was invoked in 1865 when the U.S. government exerted diplomatic and military pressure in support of the Mexican President Benito Juárez.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/documents/docpages/document_page23.htm (411 words)

	The Monroe Doctrine, US Imperialism and Venezuela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Monroe Doctrine of December 2, 1823, and the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine of December 6, 1904, are the bedrocks of expansionism and intervention which has caused so much misery, death and impoverishment for millions across Latin America.
		The Monroe Doctrine was created to project the United States’ sphere of influence into the Americas and fill the void left by Spain.
		A succession of presidents invoked the Monroe Doctrine in the annexations of Texas, California, Oregon and to fend off European interest in the Yucatan and Mexico, and it was used as the justification for the building a canal in Central America to control shipping and commerce.
	www.handsoffvenezuela.org /monroe_doctrine_venezuela.htm (1128 words)

	Monroe Doctrine: 1823
		The Monroe Doctrine was an American diplomatic decision which greatly influenced the world and the way it has developed to present day.
		In the case of the Monroe Doctrine, however, the outcomes are best explained in terms of domestic politics.
		As Monroe's Secretary of State, these factors greatly contributed to the decisions of the administration.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/USA/MonDoc.html (429 words)

	Welcome to the James Monroe Foundation, ONLINE!
		Hoes was to dedicate his life to the task of enlarging the national appreciation of Monroe and his work, particularly in deepening the understanding of the Monroe Doctrine.
		The theme of the event was the continuing validity of the Monroe Doctrine, and included as speakers Secretary of State George Schultz and Prime Minister Eugenia Charles of Grenada.
		To educate the American public about the continued relevance of the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, the most fundamental principle of American diplomacy, which declared that foreign European powers and ideologies should be prevented from spreading their influence in the western Hemisphere.
	www.monroefoundation.org /history.html (1283 words)

	Monroe Doctrine Centennial Half Dollar
		It was not until the turn of the century and the conclusion of the Spanish-American War that the Monroe Doctrine achieved the viability and respect necessary to be considered an effective instrument of national policy.
		On January 24, 1923, legislation was passed authorizing the minting of no more than 300,000 Monroe Doctrine Centennial halves: the coins were to be struck at the San Francisco Mint and distributed by the studio’s Historical Exposition committee.
		The committee’s ideas for the coin were simple enough: conjoined busts of Monroe and his Secretary of State in 1823, John Quincy Adams on the obverse, and a relief map of the North and South American continents on the reverse.
	www.coinsite.com /content/Commemoratives/Monroe.asp (1286 words)

	James Monroe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida (1819), the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state, and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas.
		Monroe returned to the Virginia House of Delegates and was elected to another term as governor of Virginia in 1811, but he resigned a few months into the term.
		Monroe began to formally to recognize the young sister republics (the former Spanish colonies) in 1822.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Monroe (2324 words)

	Consequences of the Monroe Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		If the Monroe doctrine were followed, it would leave the US as the only influencing force in the Americas.
		However, when the Monroe doctrine was put into effect, they no longer had to put all their energies into possibilities of avoiding war with foreign powers.
		In conclusion, the Monroe Doctrine had effects on many countries when it was formed, but the greatest consequences took part in Latin America because this doctrine allowed it to develop without many foreign influences as the US played more of a protector role.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/comp/cw27monroedoctrine.htm (1182 words)

	Monroe Doctrine - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Monroe Doctrine - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Doctrine, a belief system that forms a part of every religion.
		Although the word doctrine is sometimes used for such a system as a whole (“Christian...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Monroe_Doctrine.html (186 words)

	The Monroe Doctrine — Infoplease.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		James Monroe's State of the Nation Address, Proclaiming the Monroe Doctrine - James Monroe's State of the Nation Address, Proclaiming the Monroe Doctrine Given on Tuesday,...
		Monroe Doctrine - Monroe Doctrine, principle of American foreign policy enunciated in President James Monroe's...
		China throws an economic spear at the Monroe Doctrine.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0101031.html (264 words)

	The Monroe Doctrine \| Progressive U (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Monroe Doctrine was merely the forerunner to American imperialism.
		To understand the Monroe Doctrine, it must first be noted as to why it was made.
		Monroe Doctrine was never enforced in the way it was supposed to.
	www.progressiveu.org /195318-the-monroe-doctrine (3218 words)

	cosmix.org \| The Monroe Doctrine.
		The Doctrine is interesting (and important) for two reasons: first, it is the first post-establishment diplomatic expression of independence and a loud demand for acknowledgement of U.S. (increasing) power and, second, it is disguised under a thin veil of moral argumentation.
		It is named after the President of the U.S., James Monroe — although the actual Doctrine was largely authored by John Quincy Adams, just a few years before his assumption of the Presidency of that country.
		As far as Europe is concerned, two centuries after the Monroe Doctrine was issued, the roles are reversed: it is the United States that has the role of the once mighty European Powers.
	blog.cosmix.org /2006/07/09/the-monroe-doctrine (395 words)

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