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Topic: Mons Graupius

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Roman invasion of Britain

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	Mons
		Angels of Mons The Angels of Mons are supposedly a group of fictitious, and invented primarily for the purpose of boosti...
		Mons (disambiguation) Mons is the name of a city in Belgium: Mons Mons is the name of several places in France: Mons, a...
		Mons pubis In labia majora or large lips extend on either side of the vulva, and may also be covered with pubic hair.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/mons.html (263 words)

	Battle of Mons Graupius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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		The Battle of Mons Graupius took place in AD 83 or 84.
		Gnaeus Julius Agricola, the Roman governor had sent his fleet ahead to panic the Caledonians, and, with light infantry reinforced with British auxiliaries, reached the site, which he found occupied by the enemy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Mons_Graupius (669 words)

	The Battle of Mons Graupius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Probably by the late summer or early fall of AD 83, in the seventh campaign season of his governorship, he and Calgacus, leader of the Caledonii and a confederation of northern clans, confronted one another at a place named Mons Graupius.
		The fort at Inchtuthil, part of a series of garrisons that closed off the highlands, was dismantled not long after it had been completed and, with it, any plans to conquer the land.
		Tacitus' description of the battle of Mons Graupius is the only literary evidence for the battle, the location of which is not certain.
	itsa.ucsf.edu /~snlrc/encyclopaedia_romana/britannia/monsgraupius/monsgraupius.html (1761 words)

	[No title]
		Mons Graupius; the culmination of four years of war.
		The battle of Mons Graupius closed another year of the war, and Agricola withdrew his extended forces to winter at the Gask line.
		Although the Emperor Domitian recieved the victor of Mons Graupius with all due pomp and ceremony; Tacitus remarks later that some of the ceremony was "on purpose" overtly lavish which detracted from the honour Agricola recieved.
	www.angelfire.com /mac/calach/mons.html (708 words)

	The Roman Gask Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Looked at simply as an incident in history, therefore, it is probably quite enough to know that Mons Graupius was fought somewhere in eastern Scotland, to the north of the Tay (although probably not in the far north) and that the home side lost.
		These ideas can be expanded upon and taken back to Mons Graupius and even slightly before, although it has to be said that it is always dangerous to put too much faith in the Agricola and the writer's own deductions should be seen in that light.
		However great the victory at Mons Graupius, so far as we know, the Highlands had barely been touched and, as later English, and indeed Scottish, armies were to discover, no one can truly claim to hold Scotland who does not hold the Highlands.
	www.romangask.org.uk /Pages/Introduction/Why_failure.html (5007 words)

	History of Brechin
		Claims by nineteenth century writers that the Battle of Mons Graupius took place in the foothills a few miles north of Brechin appear to have been based on the presence of the Roman camps and their close proximity to Caterthun.
		Possibly this theory was prompted by the unearthing of Roman swords in Edzell in that century but, while the location of the battle has not so far been identified, current thinking places it further north in the vicinities of Stonehaven or Bennachie.
		Soon after Mons Graupius, the Romans retreated not just from the north east but from the whole of Caledonia, but they returned on several occasions over the following two or three centuries and were possibly back in Angus during the Severan Campaigns to quell the tribes.
	www.brechin-angus.co.uk /brechin/history/h_mon.htm (244 words)

	Schlacht am Mons Graupius - Wikipedia
		Die Schlacht am Mons Graupius fand im Jahr 83 oder 84 statt.
		Gnaeus Iulius Agricola, der römische Statthalter, hatte seine Flotte ausgesandt, die Kaledonier in Angst und Schrecken zu versetzen, und war mit leichter Infanterie, unterstützt von britischen Hilfstruppen, nach Norden marschiert.
		Bennachie in Aberdeenshire an der Grenze zwischen den Highlands und den Lowlands wurde als der genauer Ort vorgeschlagen.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Schlacht_am_Mons_Graupius (494 words)

	The Skakagrall: Mons Graupius
		Historian James Fraser has and#8216;relocatedand#8217; the battle of Mons Graupius (AD 84) to the Gask Ridge in Perthshire, as noted by Ian Johnston in the Scotsman.
		Famously described by Tacitus, this was fought between the Romans under Agricola and the Caledonii under Calgacus.
		Historian James Fraser has ‘relocated’ the battle of Mons Graupius (AD 84) to the Gask Ridge in Perthshire, as noted by Ian Johnston in the Scotsman.
	www.skakagrall.com /archives/000293mons_graupius.html (154 words)

	Scotsman.com Heritage & Culture - Historic Places - Mons Graupius, where the Romans defeated the Caledonii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Archaeodome, in the Archaeolink Prehistory Park, describes Mons Graupius as part of an audio-visual presentation, and outside, the Roman marching camp shows what the invading army’s camp was like.
		While the precise location is up for conjecture (more on that later), the scene was set for the battle of Mons Graupius.
		From Mons Graupius to Bannockburn - the battlefields that shaped Scotland
	heritage.scotsman.com /places.cfm?id=40522005 (928 words)

	Battle of Mons Graupius (84 AD)
		The Roman historian Tacticus recorded the campaign of his father-in-law Agricola against the Caledonians, which culminated in the Roman victory at Mon Graupius in 84 AD.
		Agricola had marched his army of 20-30,000 north and west into the foothills of the Grampian Mountains, where he occupied a fortified camp next to a level moor at the base of the rising hills.
		The slope line marks the beginning of Mons Grapius and adjacent hills.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/monsgraupius.html (992 words)

	Scotland's Past - Battle of Mons Graupius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The actual location of Mons Graupius is uncertain but it is thought to be located somewhere in the region of Bennachie near Inverurie in eastern Aberdeenshire.
		The report of the battle bears all the hallmarks of the excesses that are seen in military memoirs.
		Although in most areas chariots had gone out of use they were still used by the Caledonians at Mons Graupius and they commanded the respect of the Roman soldiery.
	www.scotlandspast.org /graupius.cfm (676 words)

	Cronaca: Where was Mons Graupius? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the book The Roman Conquest of Scotland: The Battle of Mons Graupius AD 84, due out this summer, Dr Fraser said: "It’s probably the most famous pre-Bannockburn battle, but a central question has been where Mons Graupius took place.
		I followed the route taken by Agricola last weekend and concluded that Mons Graupius was Knock Hill near Keith / Huntly at the Pass of Grange about eight miles from the coast at Cullen.
		The pre-battle camp was at Burnside farm at Milltown of Rothiemay and the gentle topography suits the description given by Tacitus.
	www.cronaca.com /archives/003271.html (217 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net
		Gnaeus Julius Agricola, the List of Roman governors of Britain Roman governor had sent his fleet ahead to panic the Caledonians, and, with light infantry reinforced with British auxiliaries, reached the site, which he found occupied by the enemy.
		It has also been suggested that the decisive victory reported by Tacitus is an exaggeration, either by Tacitus himself, or by Agricola, for political reasons.
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Battle of Mons Graupius.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Battle_of_Mons_Graupius.html (835 words)

	The Scotsman - Scotland - Author 'moves' ancient battlefield (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		IT WAS supposed to be the battle "at the ends of the earth" that saw the Romans finally conquer all Britain - putting an end to years of resistance by the fierce Caledonians.
		And over the last 30 years the battle of Mons Graupius has been widely believed to have taken place in northern Scotland, near the hill of Bennachie in Aberdeenshire.
		And while this may suggest the Romans did not completely conquer the tribes of northern Britain, Dr Fraser argues that they did not want to and instead would have made allies with native leaders to boost their control of the region and ensure Roman territory was not attacked.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /scotland.cfm?id=169512005 (568 words)

	Mons Graupius 84 CE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Yet, Tacitus is first and foremost a historian, and while his account of the battle of Mons Graupius may show Agricola in a very good light, it is still first class historical reporting.
		The actual site of Mons Graupius is not known for sure, although David Smurthwaite, in his Battlefields of Britain (London: Michael Joseph, 1993) places the battle at Bennachie, a mountain of 1733 feet (528 metres) north west of Aberdeen.
		Because the two sides are fairly evenly matched, and there are no turn limits, Mons Graupius makes a good two player game — pitting two military systems against each other.
	www.wargamer.com /greatbattles/monsgraupius.asp (1156 words)

	Mons Graupius: July 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Of Mons Graupius and Galgacus, Tacitus writes that his father-in-law Agricola was the first to push north from Perth in around 80CE.
		In the 15th century, the name Mons Graupius was erroneously transcribed as Mons Grampius.
		One of our great mountain ranges, the Grampians, is named for a spelling mistake.Mons Graupius has been identified with the Hill of Fare which lies just north of Banchory, and Bennachie which lies just to the west of Inverurie.
	mons-graupius.blogspot.com /2005_07_01_mons-graupius_archive.html (2977 words)

	mediaoffice - news
		Keen to fight for the Grampian name Charles Currie, Aberdeen and Grampian Tourist Board’s Leisure Marketing Manager, said: “Suggesting the battle of Mons Graupius took place 100 miles south of here implies the heritage and history linked to the name Grampian and connections to the area are false.
		The battle of “Mons Graupius” can be experienced first hand at Archaeolink in Aberdeenshire, possibly at the very location where the battle took place.
		·The Battle of Mons Graupius 84AD, dubbed the battle ‘at the ends of the earth’ saw the defeat of some 30,000 Caledonians lead by warrior Calgacus- “the Swordsman”, by the invading Romans led by Agricola.
	www.scotexchange.net /print/news_item.htm?newsID=32927 (692 words)

	Agricola
		In 83 or 84AD Agricola met the Caledonian war leader Calgacus in a major battle at Mons Graupius.
		The Caledonians attempted to attack the Roman line from the rear but were routed by Agricola's reserve cavalry.
		The actual site of Mons Graupius is not known.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/roman/agricola.htm (269 words)

	Talk:Battle of Mons Graupius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I was brought up in Scotland to understand that this battle was called 'Mons Grampus' and that somewhere in or around the Grampian Mountains in northern Scotland, to the west of Aberdeen, was the most likely location.
		It would seem that it is Graupius in the uncorrupted Latin text, but Grampius became the word in Scotland following a transcription error: http://www.agtb.org/the-romans.htm
		This page was last modified 12:54, 6 November 2004.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Mons_Graupius (117 words)

	Story of Scotland: On the Fringe of the Empire, ch.2
		And, as we will see at Mons Graupius, they put lengthy and stirring speeches into the mouths of men they couldn't possibly have ever heard.
		The use of the term ‘Graupius’ has understandably, often been translated to the Grampian Mountains.
		The battle of Mons Graupius was over and 10,000 Caledonians lay dead on the braes and slopes.
	members.aol.com /scothist/scot2.html (4112 words)

	battle of mons graupius
		The Battle of Mons Graupius took place in AD 83 or AD Agricola had sent his fleet ahead to panic the Caledonians, and, with light infantry reinforced with British auxiliaries, reached the site, which he found occupied by the enemy.
		The allied auxiliary infantry, 8,000 in number, were in the centre, while 3,000 cavalry were at the flanks.
		Re: Tacitus and the battle of Mons Graupius...HELP!!: Tacitus
	www.fact-library.com /battle_of_mons_graupius.html (270 words)

	Scotsman.com Heritage & Culture - Timeline
		ST ANDREW - patron saint of Greece, Russia and Scotland - spread the word of God before he was crucified on an X-shaped cross known as a Saltire Cross.
		83 AD Mons Graupius, where the Romans defeated the Caledonii
		DESPITE numbering 30,000, the Caledonians faced a better organised Roman army who won the battle but failed to fully capitalise on their victory.
	heritage.scotsman.com /timelines.cfm?cid=1&id=40522005 (1608 words)

	Strategy Informer PC Games Forums - TC_Mons_Graupius battle, PRICELESS!
		If you listen to the music in the RTW trailers you will see that the music in TC is the exact same.
		MONS GRAUPIUS is very short, but very NICE.
		Mons Graupius, while short is very very good.
	www.strategyinformer.com /forums/printthread.php?t=723 (502 words)

	BBC - History - The Battle of Mons Graupius AD 84 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		BBC - History - The Battle of Mons Graupius AD 84
		The accession of Emperor Domitian in 81 saw Agricola ordered north again and this campaign culminated in the battle of Mons Graupius in 84.
		Evidence from army marching camps tells us that a force of some 40,000 Romans fought and beat the Caledonians near the peak of Bennachie in Aberdeenshire.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/timelines/scotland/battle_mons.shtml (94 words)

	Agricola - Mons Graupius - Calgacus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was probably during the summer of AD84 that Agricola fought his most famous battle - known as Mons Graupius:
		For the Britons, indeed, in no way cowed by the result of the late engagement, had made up their minds to be either avenged or enslaved, and convinced at length that a common danger must be averted by union, had, by embassies and treaties, summoned forth the whole strength of all their states.
		The site of the battle of Mons Graupius is unknown, although several candidates have been proposed.
	www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk /anglesey.htm (4281 words)

	Orkneyjar - Early Historical References to the Orkney Islands
		In the first century AD, the Roman geographer Pomponius Mela referred to the islands as "Orcades" - his maps being the earliest surviving record of this name.
		Later, around 98 AD, the Roman writer Tacitus, documenting the campaigns of his father-in-law, the Roman general Agricola, states that after the defeat of the Picts at the battle of Mons Graupius, Agricola despatched a force to sail around the northern tip of Britain.
		This expedition took place around 84AD, when the explorers seem to have experienced favourable weather, returning unscathed after having first "discovered and subjugated the Orcades hitherto unknown".
	www.orkneyjar.com /history/earlyrefs.htm (383 words)

	ScotClans - Scottish History - 84 Battle of Mons Graupius
		On an untraceable site, called Mons Graupius by Tacitus, thirty thousand Caledonii amassed, led by Galgacus, to battle with the Empire.
		Archaeologists believe Mons Graupius to be in the north-east around Raedykes.
		Around 3.5 hours of Narration, the history of Scotland told in an entertaining, informative and amusing style.
	www.scotclans.com /history/0084_mons.html (247 words)

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