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Topic: Mont Blanc Tunnel

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	Mont Blanc Tunnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sculpture in France at the tunnel's northwestern exit.
		The Mont Blanc Tunnel is a road tunnel in the Alps between France and Italy, near the Mont Blanc mountain.
		Due to the gradient of the road, the tunnel acted like a chimney sucking cold air in on one side with the intense heat and smoke leaving on the other.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mont_Blanc_Tunnel (698 words)

	Mont Blanc - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mont Blanc and Dome du Gouter in 2004
		Mont Blanc was first climbed on August 8, 1786 by Jacques Balmat and Michel Paccard; the first woman to reach the summit was Marie Paradis in 1808.
		Mont Blanc has traditionally been considered to be 4807 m high, but GPS-based measurements made in 2001 and 2003 by the Institut géographique national and other experts show differences of a few metres from year to year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mont_Blanc (616 words)

	Fire in Mont Blanc tunnel kills up to 35: 3/27/99
		The blaze in the Mont Blanc tunnel, which broke out Wednesday on a Belgian truck carrying flour and margarine, was not extinguished until yesterday afternoon.
		The tunnel operator, Mont Blanc Tunnel and Highway, said about 20 tractor-trailer trucks and 11 cars were destroyed in the blaze.
		The bodies were still in the tunnel last night, left in place so investigators could better conduct their inquiry into the causes of the fire.
	www.s-t.com /daily/03-99/03-27-99/a10wn055.htm (720 words)

	Mont Blanc tunnel fire enquiry
		Defendants include the Belgian driver of the truck that was the origin of the fire; the truck's manufacturer, Volvo; the French and Italian managers of the tunnel, ATMB and SITMB; safety regulators; the mayor of the town of Chamonix; and a senior official from the French Public Works Ministry.
		The tunnel was closed for three years after the blaze and underwent a major renovation, with computerised detection equipment, extra security bays and a parallel escape shaft.
		Opened in 1965, the Mont Blanc tunnel had seen a vast increase in heavy goods traffic in the years before the disaster.
	www.natives.co.uk /news/2005/02/04mont.htm (495 words)

	SummitPost - Mont Blanc -- Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mont Blanc is a massif composed of many peaks and spires, each with their own routes.
		Mont Blanc has traditionally been considered to be 4807 m high, but GPS-based measurements made in 2001 and 2003 show differences of a few meters from year to year, because of fluctuations in the thickness of the glacier that covers the peak to a depth of up to 23 m.
		Mont Blanc is reached either from Chamonix in the Savoy valley in France or from Courmayeur in the Val d'Aosta in Italy.
	www.summitpost.org /mountain/rock/150245/mont-blanc.html (3573 words)

	Mont Blanc Tunnel Woes
		We have a round-up of the woes surrounding the repairs to the Mont Blanc tunnel after the disastrous fire in 1999 that killed 37 people.
		The Tunnel will then re-open for trucks two weeks later, although this is a sensitive issue as the memorial service for 39 victims of the 1999 disaster will take place on the 24 of March.
		The Mont Blanc tunnel completed its final safety test this weekend and will re-open on the 9th of March to car traffic as scheduled.
	www.pistehors.com /comments/95_0_1_0_C1 (359 words)

	CNN.com - Lorries return to Mont Blanc tunnel - April 8, 2002
		The decision to reopen the tunnel caused conflict between the French and Italian governments and environmental groups who said trucks were dangerous and caused too much pollution.
		Officials originally hoped to reopen the Mont Blanc tunnel by last summer, but the date was repeatedly pushed back because of safety concerns.
		When the tunnel reopened to cars on March 9, up to 1,000 demonstrators, members of resident and ecology groups, gathered outside each end of the tunnel.
	edition.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/04/08/tunnel.reopens (291 words)

	Hazard Cards - Mont Blanc Tunnel
		The tunnel is 11.6 kilometres long and cuts beneath Europe’s highest mountain, the Mont Blanc.
		The tunnel design prevented escape and most of the victims were found behind the wheel of their cars.
		The fire department claimed it had warned the Mont Blanc Tunnel Company the year before about the difficulty of carrying out major rescue operations in the tunnel.
	www.hazardcards.com /card.php?id=12 (273 words)

	CNN.com - Protest blocks Mont Blanc tunnel - June 25, 2002
		Several thousand environmental protesters opposed to the reopening of the Mont Blanc tunnel to heavy trucks blocked all traffic on the French side.
		It was a Belgian lorry that caused the blaze in March, 1999, that led to the tragedy which killed 39 people in the tunnel beneath western Europe's highest mountain.
		That it should have been Belgian television that organised this is degrading," said Georges Unia, president of the Association for the Respect of the Mont Blanc Area.
	edition.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/06/25/france.blanc (540 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Mont Blanc tunnel reopens
		The Mont Blanc tunnel between France and Italy has reopened to cars, nearly three years after a lorry fire killed 39 people and severed the road link.
		The demonstrators - ringing cow bells and carrying posters - marched from the nearby town of Chamonix to the tunnel's French entrance.
		The tunnel is one of the major trans-Alpine routes and its closure has caused congestion on other tunnels and mountain passes.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/europe/newsid_1863000/1863245.stm (467 words)

	RTE News - Thirty feared dead in Mont Blanc tunnel fire
		An investigation has begun into the fire in the tunnel under Mont Blanc, which has claimed the lives of at least 30 people.
		Rescuers said intense heat in the tunnel caused paint on the trucks to blister and tyres to explode.
		It has been reported that the tunnel roof has caved in, the road's asphalt has melted and that temperatures in the confined area are still around 1,000 degrees centigrade.
	www.rte.ie /news/1999/0326/tunnel.html (263 words)

	Accusations fly as trial for Mont Blanc tunnel tragedy begins - [Sunday Herald]
		The nearest smoke detector was out of order and the radio frequencies used inside the tunnel were different from those used by French emergency services who apparently did not want tunnel employees to be able to tune in to their conversations.
		The tunnel was closed for three years and underwent a major renovation, with the installation of computerised detection equipment, extra security bays and a parallel escape shaft.
		The Mont Blanc disaster was followed by two more tunnel fires – in Austria’s Tauern tunnel in May 1999 with 12 dead, and the Gotthard tunnel in Switzerland in October 2001 with 11 dead – leading to stricter EU norms.
	www.sundayherald.com /47428 (870 words)

	Firehouse.Com News - 3/8/02 - Mont Blanc Tunnel to Reopen to Cars
		PARIS (AP) -- The Mont Blanc tunnel, closed since a 1999 truck fire killed 39 people, is set to reopen for cars Saturday, but plans to also resume truck traffic through the Alpine passage sparked protests.
		In March 1999, 39 people were died after a truck carrying flour and margarine caught fire and turned the Mont Blanc passage into a deathtrap.
		Italian leaders have been eager for the tunnel to reopen since another inferno _ on Oct. 24 in a tunnel near the Swiss town of Gotthard _ slowed deliveries of goods into Italy.
	www.firehouse.com /news/2002/3/8_APtunnel.html (377 words)

	Mont Blanc Tunnel, Situation Normal
		The governments of both France and Italy were keen to re-establish the balance between Chamonix and the Frejus tunnel to the south, currently 90% of trucks use the Frejus tunnel, a situation judged intolerable by residents of the Maurienne valley.
		The Mont Blanc tunnel trial is due to start on the 31st of January, 2005 and hopefully last not more than 3 months.
		Bonneville court delived a verdict on the Mont Blanc tunnel disaster on the 27th of July 2005.
	www.pistehors.com /comments/73_0_1_0_C (550 words)

	Mont Blanc Tunnel -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Jubilant diggers from France and Italy meet during the construction of the Mount Blanc Tunnel, …
		The tunnel is notable for its solution of a difficult ventilation problem and for being the first large rock tunnel to be excavated full-face—i.e., with the entire diameter of the tunnel bore drilled and blasted.
		Tunnels that bring water from reservoirs to cities may be called aqueducts (see Aqueduct).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9053454 (684 words)

	Guilty Verdicts in Mont Blanc Tunnel Fire Trial \| Europe \| Deutsche Welle \| 28.07.2005
		A French court has found the main defendants in the 1999 Mont Blanc tunnel disaster trial guilty of manslaughter and sentenced a Belgian driver whose truck caused the deadly blaze to a four-month suspended jail term.
		Remy Chardon, former president of the French tunnel concession-holder ATMB, was given a two-year suspended jail term and a 15,000-euro ($18,000) fine, Michel Charlet, mayor of the nearby town of Chamonix, got a six-month suspended term and a 1,500-euro fine and Gerard Roncoli, the former French head of tunnel security, received a six-month jail term.
		The Mont Blanc tunnel, opened in 1965, underwent a major three-year renovation after the fire, with computerised detection equipment, extra security bays and a parallel escape shaft installed.
	www.dw-world.de /popups/popup_printcontent/0,,1661569,00.html (564 words)

	ipedia.com: Mont Blanc Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mont Blanc, in the Alps, is the highest European mountain that lies either west, or north, of the Black Sea; its height of about 4,810 metres (15,780 feet) varies from year to year by a few metres (up to about ten feet).
		Parts of Mont Blanc clearly lie in each of France and Italy, but its precise position relative to the national border was a subject of doubt from the 17th century on.
		Begun in 1957 and completed in 1965, the 11.6 kilometer (7.25 mile) Mont Blanc Tunnel runs beneath the mountain between these two cities.
	www.ipedia.com /mont_blanc.html (312 words)

	Alive at the End of the Tunnel
		Less expected is the flow of glisse experts from Chamonix to Courmayeur, the Italian ski village on the south side of 15,781-foot Mont Blanc.
		The Mont Blanc tunnel closes indefinitely to rebuild-shutting down Courmayeur's lifeline to continental Europe and the engine of its travel economy.
		"Courmayeur was born with the tunnel in 1965.
	www.skiingmag.com /skiing/feature/article/0,12910,364695,00.html (2632 words)

	Mont Blanc Tunnel scheduled to reopen
		Before the closure of the tunnel due to an accident in March1999 which killed 39 people, 2'000 to 3'000 trucks crossed and polluted the valleys at the foot of Europe's highest mountain every day.
		Now, at the very beginning of 2002, the International Year of the Mountains, the Italian and French governments plan to give the go ahead for once again transforming the Mont Blanc into a noisy, polluted valley dedicated to road freight transport rather than a living space for all.
		D-day might be postponed if unforeseen security problems arise (has happened in the past) or if the governments finally understand that opening the tunnel to trucks is a very, very bad idea (has not happened in the past but they might realise what awaits them if they try…).
	www.go-lienz-osttirol.net /ite/montblanc-en.htm (582 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At it's opening in 1965 the Mont Blanc tunnel was designed to carry 450.000 vehicles a year--yet in 1997 it was used by 1.1 million vehicles.
		The operator of the tunnel knew about the deficiencies of the system as a report made a year before already announced problems in case of a fire.
		The first head of the tunnel company was Valery Giscard d'Estaing's father; later the ex-Prime Minister, Edouard Balladur, had the job until 1981, while the current incumbent, Remy Chardon, was chef de cabinet for the current president, Jacques Chirac.
	www.landroverclub.net /Club/HTML/MontBlanc.htm (4541 words)

	Mont Blanc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mont may refer to:* a French word for mount or mountain, as in Mont Blanc, Mont Ventoux* Mont, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département* Mont, Saône-et-Loire, in the Saône-et-Loire département* Le Mont, in the Vosges départementfr:Mont
		Crystalline rocks, which are exposed in the higher central regions, are the rocks forming Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps and Hohe Tauern.
		Mont Blanc in the French Alps is the highest mountain in western Europe.
	montblancpen.info /info/Mont-Blanc (837 words)

	CNN - Death toll at least 30 in Mont Blanc tunnel fire - March 26, 1999
		CHAMONIX, France (CNN) -- The fire in a highway tunnel beneath Mont Blanc has left at least 30 dead as firefighters from three countries struggled Friday to extinguish the two-day blaze.
		Among the dead are two employees of ATMB, the French- Italian company that operates the tunnel, and one firefighter.
		It was the first fatal fire in the tunnel, which opened in 1965.
	www3.cnn.com /WORLD/europe/9903/26/france.tunnel.02 (344 words)

	SCHOTT AG - Online Magazine - Info101 - Mont Blanc tunnel
		He has been involved with tunnel lighting for 30 years and is now head of Light Consult International (LCI) in the Lower Saxon town of Celle, Germany, but the intensity of the light is only one aspect.
		Hopefully, the tunnel will never have to be used as an evacuation route, but should the occasion arise, experts have to ensure that they can find their way.
		The installation of an additional tunnel for emergencies and the requirements in terms of its lighting are not the only features of the new safety concept.
	www.schott.com /magazine/english/info101/si101_12_montblanc.html (1005 words)

	Structurae [en]: Mont-Blanc Tunnel (1965)
		Tunnel is re-opened to car and trucks with highly increased security measures.
		Inauguration du tunnel routier du Mont-Blanc (16 juillet 1965), in "Travaux", September 1965, n.
		Les travaux d'avancement du tunnel routier sous le Mont Blanc, in "Travaux", February 1961, n.
	en.structurae.de /structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0003177 (376 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Inside the Mont Blanc tunnel
		As the Mont Blanc tunnel reopens to cars nearly three years after the devastating fire, BBC News Online looks at some of the tunnel's new safety features.
		The inquiry into the devastating fire in 1999 led to a radical reassessment of safety needs in the Mont Blanc tunnel.
		Heat sensors at both ends of the tunnel to detect overheated trucks before they enter the tunnel.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/europe/newsid_1858000/1858436.stm (272 words)

	RTE News - Device explodes at Mont Blanc tunnel
		A device has exploded close to the entrance of the Mont Blanc tunnel linking France and Italy, only hours before it was due to be reopened to cars.
		The explosion damaged a car parked on the French side of the tunnel but caused no injuries.
		The tunnel has been closed for almost three years, since a fire swept through it and killed 39 people.
	www.rte.ie /news/2002/0309/montblanc.html (95 words)

	PROTESTS AS MONT BLANC TUNNEL REOPENS
		Closed to all traffic for three years, the tunnel eventually was opened to cars only in March, and as of May, trucks with up to four axles and weighing less than 19 tonnes.
		Thousands of protesters assembled on the French side of the tunnel shortly after dawn, forcing traffic to be re-directed to the nearby Frejus tunnel.
		That it should have been Belgian television that organised this (the truck), is degrading," said Georges Unia, president of the Association for the Respect of the Mont Blanc Area.
	www.natives.co.uk /news/2002/0602/27mtb.htm (261 words)

	Planet Ark : UPDATE - Mont Blanc tunnel reopens to trucks amid protests
		The 11.6 km (seven mile) tunnel beneath western Europe's highest mountain has reopened in stages, to cars in March and lighter trucks in May, a process marked by wrangling between France and Italy and loudly opposed by environmental groups.
		Italy, which trucks 60 percent of its exports through Alpine tunnels, wrangled with France for months about the reopening of the Mont Blanc tunnel, accusing Paris at one point of delaying its use by heavy trucks until French elections were over.
		The Franco-Italian tunnel operator GEIE said freight traffic through the link was thin yesterday, as Italian authorities had decided to stop trucks entering the tunnel in order to avoid any security problems resulting from the protest at the French end.
	www.planetark.com /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/16571/story.htm (816 words)

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