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Topic: Montenegrin language

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	Montenegrin language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On the last census in 2003, 21.53% of the population of Montenegro declared that Montenegrin is their native language, while 63.5% of the population declared that Serbian language is their mother tongue.
		Montenegrins speak subdialects of Shtokavian dialect (what used to be known as Serbo-Croatian language): Eastern Herzegovinian (in the west and southwest, similar to the one spoken in most of Eastern Herzegovina and Dubrovnik area) and Zeta dialect (spoken in the east and southeast).
		The chief proponent of Montenegrin is Zagreb-educated dr Vojislav Nikčević, professor at the Department of Language and Literature at the University of Montenegro and the head of the Institute for Montenegrin Language in the capital Podgorica.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Montenegrin_language (1100 words)

	Montenegrins - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The disappointment in the union with Serbia led to a movement for re-recognition of Montenegrin ethnicity, which was ultimately achieved under the Communist regime of the second Yugoslavia and maintained in the democratic regimes after the fall of Communism.
		The royal Yugoslav government made the national unification of the Montenegrins and the Serbians into a policy, although this unconditional merger voted on by the Podgorica Assembly on November 26, 1918 was seen by some of the Montenegrins as an imposition, given that Montenegro was downgraded into a province of the new Yugoslav kingdom.
		The population of Montenegro is presently roughly divided on ethnic and political issues between the group composed of the ethnic Montenegrins, ethnic Bosniaks and Albanians on one side, and the group composed of the ethnicSerbs on the other.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Montenegrins (3259 words)

	Montenegro - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Montenegrins loyal to King Nicholas rebelled in 1919 and were suppressed by 1924 by the Serbian Army.
		The Montenegrin surface ranges from high peaks along its borders with Kosovo and Albania, a segment of the Karst of the western Balkan Peninsula, to a narrow coastal plain that is only one to four miles wide.
		In the constitution of Montenegro adopted in 1992, the official language of the republic was changed from Serbo-Croat to the Serbian of the Ijekavian standard.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Montenegro (1587 words)

	Language - Uncyclopedia
		Language (n.) a system of signs of which the system is nothing but a sign itself.
		Language was not invented in 2001 by New York City poet and hot horny lesbian Gary Language as is commonly believed.
		Language is also the third word in the Lithuanian language.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Language (321 words)

	Language of Montenegro, a Sovereign and Independent State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The traditional Montenegrin language is characterized by a tendency toward proverbs, metaphors and condensed, figurative speech.
		Before the South Slavic linguistic reforms begun in 1863, the traditional Montenegrin language was used freely, naturally and spontaneously and so developed to a high level of creative expressiveness, as manifested in the rich oral literature and in the works of the genius poet Njegos.
		In the middle of the 19th century, the language of the south Slavs was reformed.
	www.montenegro.org /language.html (460 words)

	Dyneslines: Minor-language follies
		The preservation of these minor languages is urged on the grounds of cultural diversity, as well as some vaguely articulated principle of recompense.
		Instead of allowing languages gradually to dwindle and die, as countless numbers have done in the past, they are to be placed on life-support.
		In the Iberian Peninsula Catalan is a language distinct from Castilian.
	dyneslines.blogspot.com /2006/06/minor-language-follies.html (773 words)

	Montenegrin language - Uncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Montenegrin language is a part of language system which is expertly called Central South Slavic diasystem).
		Original Montenegrin language is, according to some linguists (Vojislav Nikčević) much more different from other related South Slavic languages - for example, Serbian and Croatian (let's mention only specific sounds Ś, Ź, DZ which are among Slavs decidedly present only in Polish language also).
		Montenegrin language is characterised by declension in six cases, as opposed to Serbian seven (Montenegrins use accusative instead of locative).
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Montenegrin_language (445 words)

	Montenet - Language in Montenegro
		According to the Constitution (ustav) of the Republic of Montenegro, in Montenegro the Serbian language of the jekavian dialect is the official language.
		As far as a status and a rank of Montenegrin language is concerned, its' scientific study and demonstration in diachronic and synchronic time levels, the furthermost have gone the scientists who recognized its autochtonic character.
		Thus, the Montenegrin language is its people's and national language, which possesses concrete structural forms and functions, its own history, genesis and typology, periodisation and classification, spoken and written or standard way of self-consumption, variety of styles, cultural superstructure and other unique characteristics (V. Nikcevic 1978).
	www.montenet.org /language/language.htm (666 words)

	Nationalism and Language (by Bozidar Jaksic)
		Contrary to many European countries where language was the basis for constituting modern nations as political communities, in the part of the Balkans inhabited by intermingled Serbs, Croats and Muslim Bosniaks, membership in different religions and confessions was the basis for national division.
		If language, transformed into a language of hate, served war preparations and propaganda, the unified linguistic tissue of the Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian language was systematically destroyed before and during the war.
		Therefore it is necessary to put it clearly: the pursuit of the purity of the national language is a relapse of the criminal policy of the so-called ethnic cleansing.
	users.volja.net /romag/pub/Nationalism-and-Language.html (2923 words)

	The Republic of Montenegro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However the number of Montenegrins does seem to be in steep decline since the introduction of the category by the Communists on the 1948 census.
		Albanians are a separate group, speaking their own language (5.26%) and living mostly in the south-east, especially in Ulcinj, where they form the majority of the population.
		The flag of the former Montenegrin monarchy: the gold coat of arms of the King Nikola on red field with a gold border (the initials ?I of King Nikola, however, are left out), shown above, was adopted as the official flag of Montenegro on July 12th 2004 by the Parliament of Montenegro.
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis12.htm (1184 words)

	Ex-Yugoslavs row over flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Montenegrin leaders have been increasingly keen for independence since the fall of former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic in 1999, but have now shelved plans under the new union agreement.
		Separating Montenegrins from Serbs is a bit difficult given the historical ties and family intermarriages, going back to the original settlements of the Balkan penninsula by the Serb tribes.
		The original Montenegrin Royal flag shows clearly that Djukanovich is re-inventing Montenegrin state symbols and shades of blue.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/898298/posts (3647 words)

	[No title]
		The charges were filed against the head of the Montenegrin education inspectorate, Bozidar Scepanovic, and against the director of the Savo Pejanovic primary school, Darinka Adzic.
		The NGO also filed charges against Ljeposava Brkovic for violating the law and the constitution and against Education Minister Slobodan Backovic for failing to initiate a disciplinary procedure although he was aware of her violation of school protocol.
		I refused and said that I would continue to call my class Montenegrin language class' and that I was prepared to bear the responsibility for this," Brkovic says, adding that she has been writing down her class in the records as "Montenegrin class" since 23 May 2000.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art3298.txt (301 words)

	The Blue Monkey Review: National Identity
		The central theme of Misha Glenny’s history of the region is that the “Great Powers” have generally been the source of conflict in the Balkans, and that national identity has arisen both as a defense against Great Power hegemony and as an instrument of that hegemony.
		Montenegrins are eager to join the E.U. because of the expected economic benefits.
		i don't hate anybody, but sometimes i feel like everybody hates me.i don't have a typical montenegrin last name, so that's the first thing that differs me. the second is that i don't speak the real montenegrin language(if it exists at all), but a mixture of montenegrin and croatian.
	blogs.setonhill.edu /JohnSpurlock/009417.html (2543 words)

	Literary Challenge in Montenegro
		To remind the reader, the language known in linguistics as Serbo-Croatian or Croatian-Serbian is spoken by four Yugoslav nations: the Serbs, the Croats, the Moslems and the Montenegrins.
		The present Montenegrin authorities, greatly influenced by Serbian politics, call the language spoken by Montenegrins and other Montenegrin citizens (except the citizens of Albanian nationality) Serbian, which is an additional reason that the most significant part of the Montenegrin creative intelligentsia does not support such politics.
		To call Montenegrins' language Serbian implies that Montenegro is the only South Slavic nation that does not speak or write in its own language and denies the right of the Montenegrins to name their language by the national Montenegrin name, thus eliminating Montenegrin cultural and literary independence.
	www.montenegro.org /lit_chal.html (1000 words)

	The Definitive Guide to Montenegro XXXX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Montenegrin army attacked the Ottoman fortress city of Skutari, and forced the empire to gather a large army in neighboring Macedonia.
		In the constitution of Montenegro adopted in 1992, the official language of the republic was changed from Serbo-Croat to the Ijekavian standard dialect of Serbian.
		Albanians are a separate group, speaking their own language, Albanian (5.26%) and living mostly in the south-east, especially in Ulcinj, where they form the majority of the population.
	www.xxxx.com /s/Montenegro (3693 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:SRC
		Between the 14th and 15th editions this language code was retired from use.
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		Macedonian and Montenegrin are ethnic minorities speaking varieties of this language.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=SRC (281 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Backovic accused the Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC) of being behind the campaign to "protect" the Serbian language in Montenegro and recalled that the same church had launched a campaign in Serbia against the subject called "Language and Communication" which was proposed in the Serbian curricula.
		According to Backovic, it was particularly "irritating" for the SPC that the subject "mother tongue" included the "Montenegrin language".
		Backovic reiterated that the Serbian language has not been abolished from that subject, noting that the Montenegrin language was only added alongside the Bosnian and Croatian languages.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art4824.txt (169 words)

	languagehat.com: "BOSNIAN" IN NOVI PAZAR.
		Introduction of the classes is seen as a victory for the mountainous region's Muslim minority, which argues that the local language was eroded by the education system and bureaucracy in Belgrade, which were dominated by Orthodox Serbs who speak a different dialect with its own accent.
		But they should remember that choices have consequences and recognize the dangers of microsizing their languages out of meaningful existence, especially in an area with proven colonial appeal (as opposed to remote and chilly Scandinavia which few non-natives have every paid much attention to).
		But again, I think it's not the name that's offensive, it's the idea that is, namely that the languages in question are essentially the same language (and could easily enough be united in a common literary standard that still allowed for and respected regionalisms).
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001764.php (2984 words)

	Requests for new languages - Meta
		For natural languages, this will probably never be an issue; for artificial languages, however, a low number of speakers may be taken as evidence that the language is not widely spoken enough to deserve a wiki.
		Language used in Western Poland (in so-called regained lands) is the closest to the official one (hochPolish :)).
		Its speakers are Germans, their language may be German but it is a different language from the language of the Bundestag and the theatre.
	meta.wikimedia.org /wiki/Requests_for_new_languages (11076 words)

	B92 - News - Society - Serbian to Montenegrin translators in demand
		Among them, SPES is looking for 10 translators for the Bosniak and Montenegrin languages.
		Candidates are asked to send an application letter in their mother tongue, as well as in the foreign language they are applying for.
		The candidates will also be tested for their language proficiency.
	www.b92.net /eng/news/society-article.php?nav_category=101 (197 words)

	The Free Liberal: Montenegro Becomes Independent
		The country, Crna Gora in the Montenegrin language, became an independent state on June 3, after a vote in favor of independence in the referendum of May 21.
		The Montenegrin language, the Zeta dialect of Ijekavian, is closely related to Serbian.
		The Montenegrins were Slavs who migrated to the region after the collapse of the western Roman Empire.
	www.freeliberal.com /archives/002227.html (823 words)

	Sobaka News Wire: Montenegro: Independence or Bust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After continuous anouncements by Montenegrin officials to hold a referendum on independence, Minister for Capital Investements in the government of Serbia, Velja Ilic, replied to them by saying that they should either hold the referendum already or shut up.
		Polls in Serbia show that nearly an absolute majority of citizens are in favor of Montenegrin secession, primarily because of the frustrating level of affairs on the level of the federation.
		The regime of Milo Djukanovic is also attempting to introduce a standardized "Montenegrin" language and the régime's think tanks are undertaking a revision of history, claiming that Montenegrins are not a Serbian sub-group, but that they originate either from Poles or from ancient inhabitants of Dioclea, a Romanized Illyrian province.
	www.diacritica.com /sobaka/newswire/2005/08/0806005c.html (402 words)

	IREX \| Supporting Independent Media in Montenegro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The six Montenegrin media associations previously adopted a set of principles for a code of ethics for self-regulation under the auspices of the Montenegro Media Institute (MMI) and as part of the republic’s media law reform process.
		The program is named after the Montenegrin Princess Ksenija (1881-1960), who is considered a female role model in Montenegro for conveying her views on the world at the turn of the century through her photography.
		These types of public awareness events underscore the Montenegrin media working group’s commitment to maintaining maximum transparency in the media reform process and their recognition that securing broad public support is critical for the successful implementation of the new legislation.
	www.irex.org /media/montenegro/highlights/03.asp (5604 words)

	Bosnian Institute News: A United Serb Marathon
		Although at the start of their rebellion on behalf of the Serb language they had insisted that their motives were not political but purely ‘scientific’, the Declaration ultimately adopted refers also to other ‘endangered holy things’: the Serb church, Serb culture and the Serb nation.
		Having cited the incontrovertible scientific truth that the Montenegrin language ‘does not exist’, since ‘its foundations are phantasmic’, he proceeded to explain to his audience the background of the attempt to ‘change the name of the Serb language to Montenegrin’.
		It asks the Montenegrin government ‘to repeal the decision to change the name of the school subject "Serb language and literature", and to declare null and void all its consequences’; to restore the Nik
	www.bosnia.org.uk /news/news_body.cfm?newsid=1984 (1157 words)

	Serbian Orthodox Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In Niksic on February 5 the Action Group of Professors and Instructors of Serbian Language and Literature promoted the new issue of their bulletin “Crucifixion of the Serbian Language” which is prepared by professors who have been fired from their jobs in Niksic secondary schools.
		These claims are borne out by the fact that there is not one cultural institution that is not under the direct control of the government while in the schools they are introducing their ideology through new school programs such as the catalog of knowledge for the so-called “mother tongue,” concluded Matovic.
		If the Montenegrin state leadership is not receptive to this request, Terzic said that the next addresses it will be sent to will be OSCE and the Council of Europe.
	www.spc.org.yu /Vesti-2005/02/07-2-05-e.html (1032 words)

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