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Topic: Montreal Annexation Manifesto

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Rebellion Losses Bill

	Montreal Annexation Manifesto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Montreal Annexation Manifesto was a political document, published in 1849 in Montreal, Quebec, calling for Canada's annexation by the United States.
		The Manifesto was strongly opposed by members of the British American League and by leading politicians such as Robert Baldwin plus the followers of Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine.
		Lawrence, the natural highway from the western states to the ocean, are objects for the attainment of which the most substantial equivalents would undoubtedly be conceded.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Montreal_Annexation_Manifesto (2232 words)

	THE CANADIAN DOMINION A CHRONICLE OF OUR NORTHERN NEIGHBOR
		Montreal fell to Montgomery; and Carleton himself escaped capture only by the audacity of some French-Canadian voyageurs, who, under cover of darkness, rowed his whaleboat or paddled it with their hands silently past the American sentinels on the shore.
		At Montreal a delegation from Congress, composed of Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Chase, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton, accompanied by Carroll's brother, a Jesuit priest and a future archbishop, failed to achieve-more by diplomacy than their generals had done by the sword.
		Montreal merchants in 1808 took up the ideas of Alexander Hamilton and after several vain attempts founded the Bank of Montreal in 1817, with those features of government charter, branch banks, and restrictions as to the proportion of debts to capital and the holding of real property which had marked Hamilton's plan.
	www.corvalliscommunitypages.com /newsheadlines/cliqueleft.htm (19918 words)

	Montreal Annexation Manifesto - Sidebar - MSN Encarta
		Montreal Annexation Manifesto - Sidebar - MSN Encarta
		A group of dissatisfied merchants in Montréal, in what was then known as Lower Canada (now Québec), banded together in 1849 and drafted a document calling for the annexation of Canada to the United States.
		An economic crisis and ongoing political conflict were the primary factors that led the dissenters to advocate an “amicable separation of Canada from Great Britain.” Concern that Canada’s limited market would prevent economic growth led them to call for union with the United States.
	encarta.msn.com /sidebar_461511264/Montreal_Annexation_Manifesto.html (114 words)

	The Canadian Dominion: A Chronicle Of Our Northern Neighbor Chapter III. The Union Era
		Yet in 1849 men saw the hotheads of this group in Montreal stoning a British Governor General and setting fire to the Parliament Buildings, while a few months later their elders issued a manifesto urging the annexation of Canada to the United States.
		Montreal found itself isolated, and even there the revival of trade and the cooling of passions turned men's thoughts into other channels.
		If reciprocity were not arranged, the argument ran, annexation would be sure to come and that would mean the addition to the Union of a group of freesoil States which would definitely tilt the balance against slavery for all time.
	www.history1700s.com /Page1745.shtml (9355 words)

	others \| The Fury of the Europeans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Montreal was at the mercy of an organized and aggressive Tory and Orange mob, which conservative citizens either actively joined or refrained from resisting.
		Montreal, which had attempted to coerce the parliament and government of all Canada, was declared unfit to be the seat of government.
		In garrison in Montreal, he was drawn to amateur theatricals, to squiring the ladies, and to the study of military theory.
	ringmar.net /europeanfury/?cat=1 (6982 words)

	Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
		His central political theme was “seeking progress.” In the end, he came out in favour of an elected legislative council and elected public service, commercial reciprocity with the United States, education for the masses, development of the port of Montreal, and the choice of Montreal as the seat of government.
		In principle Dorion and his party had always considered that the cost was excessive in relation to the province’s credit, and that carrying out the long-term plans would prove ruinous for the province and bring no direct benefit to the people.
		He also asserted that “the intercolonial railway is a military project rather than a commercial one suited to developing the country’s resources.” A balanced budget and economy in public administration, both liberal policies, were inconsistent with this scheme.
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=40191 (4339 words)

	1849, June 26. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Following the abolition of the Corn Laws in 1846, this action led to an acute economic depression in Canada and to a short-lived agitation for annexation to the United States (Annexation Manifesto, Oct. 10, 1849).
		Four leading English newspapers in Montreal pushed for annexation to the U.S.
		The journalists also advocated annexation as a protest against the Rebellion Losses Bill of 1849, which compensated Lower Canadians for losses in the rebellion of 1837.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1629.html (260 words)

	Rebellion Losses Bill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It culminated in the destruction of the Parliament building on April 25th which until then was in Montreal.
		Elgin's carriage was pelted with stones and rotten eggs, and by the evening a riot had developed which would last for two days and involve thousands of people.
		The controversy around the bill also contributed to the rise of an American annexationist movement, who published the Montreal Annexation Manifesto on October 11, 1849.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Montreal_Riots (677 words)

	C
		The corrupt means by which it was obtained led to the downfall of the government in the "Pacific Scandal" of 1873.
		The "Regina Manifesto" included economic planning, central financial control and price stabilization, the extension of public ownership in communications and natural resources, the creation of a welfare state and an emergency relief program.
		In 1774, Claus was to have taken over as Indian Superintendent for Montreal, but this position was eliminated when the Governor of Canada, Guy Carleton, restructured the Indian Department to put his own candidate in charge (for more details on this dispute, see the item under Guy Johnson).
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/candict/c.html (2592 words)

	James Bruce, the 8th earl of Elgin presented in History section
		Toward the end of September of the same year the arrest of some persons charged with being implicated in burning the parliament building produced a second outbreak, during which a young man was killed, and his funeral was made the pretext for a riotous demonstration.
		The magistrates of Montreal requested Lord Elgin to proclaim martial law, but he still refused, and the malcontents were finally quieted by a proclamation from the mayor.
		In 1849, during a period of commercial depression, a manifesto appeared urging annexation with the United States, which was signed by many prominent men throughout Canada.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/comments/james_bruce_the_8th_earl_of_elgin (856 words)

	Annexation Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Annexation Association, founded 1849 to promote Canada-US political union.
		In October and December it published 2 versions of the "Annexation Manifesto." Most of those who signed it were from the powerful English-speaking business community in Montréal and Québec and the French Canadian radical nationalist movement led by Louis-Joseph PAPINEAU.
		The businessmen were disappointed at Britain's abolition of preferential duties on Canadian lumber, wheat and flour products and by its decision to consent to the REBELLION LOSSES BILL; the nationalists were republicans who preferred American political institutions.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000230 (120 words)

	[No title]
		At Heron Bay (802 miles from Montreal) the north shore of Lake Superior is first touched, and the line runs along it to Port Arthur, a distance of 993 miles from Montreal.
		The train arrived at Winnipeg at 12.45 on the 18th (1,423 miles from Montreal), and time was allowed to drive round the town, the train leaving again for the west at 13.30 o'clock.
		The first section, from Quebec to Montreal, is an old friend, the North Shore Railway, once possessed by the Grand Trunk Company, and sold back to the Canadian Government for purposes of extending the Pacific route to tide-water at Quebec, and making one, throughout, management.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext04/cnstr10.txt (17690 words)

	A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A Canadian entrepreneur, he emigrated to Montreal in 1826 where he became a partner in an ocean-going shipping line.
		The was a Canadian proposal which argued that annexation to the United States was better than the proposed union of the colonies.
		Annexation would raise farm prices, lower import costs and make U.S. capital available for industrial development.
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/candict/a.html (347 words)

	John Molson (son) - Quebec History
		(1787-1860), capitalist, was born at Montreal on October 14, 1787, the son of the Hon.
		He died in Montreal on July 12, 1860.
		He avoided politics, but was a member of the Special Council of Lower Canada in 1838, and he was one of the signatories of the annexation manifesto of 1849.
	www2.marianopolis.edu /quebechistory/encyclopedia/JohnMolsonson-QuebecHistory.htm (115 words)

	Sir John Alexander Macdonald - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For forty-six years of a stormy political life he remained true to the cardinal policy that he had announced to the electors of Kingston in 1844.
		"A British subject I was born; a British subject I will die," says his last political manifesto to the people of the Dominion.
		At his advanced age the anxiety and excitement of the contested election of 1891 proved too great.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sir_John_Alexander_Macdonald (2154 words)

	Mexican-American War and the Media
		But I shall add that even should the annexation be voluntary and freely assented to on the part of Texas,consideration, both political and commercial, would not permit us to view it with indifference; and that under all circumstance, we must wish that the country remain independent.
		The despatches which have been laid before the French Chambers with reference to the annexation of Texas, and the part taken by France and England in opposition to that transaction, are documents of great interest, and they completely demonstrate the cordial cooperation of the two Powers in this negotiation.
		The political sky, overcast during the summer, by reason of the annexation of Texas, and the menaced resentment of Mexico, had scarcely become clear again, when graver and more serious concern is inspired by the aspect of our difficulties with Great Britain.
	www.history.vt.edu /MxAmWar/Newspapers/Times/Times1846JanJuly.htm (14172 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		His brothers John and William had witnessed steady growth in the beverage industries since their partnership in 1828 and the competition in the marketplace was growing.
		Throughout Montreal in 1862 the beer from Molson's was coined as the beer with the "Molson twang".
		This decision is likely because of a family tragedy, the death of his wife in childbirth, influenced his decision to liquidate and leave Montreal for an extended trip.
	www.frymybacon.com /articles/articles.php?articleID=216 (3236 words)

	Sinhala Buddhis Fundamentalism in Marxist Garb
		The same way the communist manifesto is no Dhamma Pada or Bhagawath Geetha or a Quoran or an old testament.
		The proletariat puts forward democratic centralism in opposition to the decentralization of the bourgeoisie and resolves the national question democratically on the basis of equality.
		The UNP and SLFP capitalist governments which did not grant citizenship to estate workers according to their wish were very generous in granting citizenship to Indian racketeers.
	www.tamilnation.org /tamileelam/fundamentalism/jvp.htm (14108 words)

	Annexationist movements of Canada -- FCS Discussion Forum
		In the late 1860s, residents of British Columbia (which was not yet a Canadian province) circulated two petitions in favour of American annexation.
		However, many other Canadians were frightened by the prospect of American annexation, and this fear became one of the driving forces behind Canadian Confederation in 1867.
		Modern groups, which generally have a neoconservative or libertarian political stance, are usually fringe organizations which do not enjoy much public support or awareness.
	69.26.170.8 /111464/3/8225.html (735 words)

	ACLIS - Albanian Canadian League Information Service - A logistic office of Albanian Canadian League -
		This was a document drawn up by a group of Montreal businessmen, advocating that the Canadian colonies relinquish their ties with Britain and join the United States.
		The manifesto was prompted by an economic recession, and Britain's removal of tariffs preferential to colonial products.
		The threat of annexation on the part of Canadians was used more for the purpose of extracting concessions from Britain than for seriously proposing to merge with the U.S. In this case, the annexation movement had little support beyond the Montreal business community, and waned as the economy recovered.
	www.albca.com /aclis/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=54 (798 words)

	Annexationist movements of Canada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Modern groups, which generally have a neoconservative or libertarian political stance, are usually organizations that do not enjoy much public support or awareness.
		Annexation fears can be found throughout Canadian History for Dummies (2nd ed 2005) when humorist Will Ferguson tried to be serious.
		Occasionally political satirists, including the Rhinoceros Party of Canada, have proposed reverse annexation, whereby the United States would be annexed into an expanded Canadian federation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Annexationist_movements_of_Canada (1870 words)

	Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott - S9.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He was a successful Montreal corporate lawyer and businessman.
		He was buried in the Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal, Quebec.
		Abbott was the first Prime Minister to lead the country from the Senate.
	www.s9.com /Biography/Abbott-John-Joseph-Caldwell-Sir (371 words)

	Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
		Laflamme was Mme Guibord’s first lawyer before the Superior Court in 1869, but he was soon joined by Joseph Doutre*, who had prime responsibility at the other stages of the case (including the appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, which rendered a favourable decision at the end of 1874).
		Laflamme — lawyer, qc — professor of law — bâtonnier of the Montreal bar” was one of 17 Catholic members who appealed to Rome against the censure of the organization by Bishop Ignace Bourget* of Montreal [see Joseph Doutre].
		Borthwick, Montreal, its history, to which is added biographical sketches, with photographs, of many of its principal citizens (Montreal, 1875).
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=40328 (1161 words)

	The Scot in British North America - Chapter V Canada from 1840 to 1867 Part C
		When the new Governor-General arrived, he was well received, and in an address to the citizens of Montreal, clearly laid down his views on the part he was called upon to play in the affairs of the Province.
		I own that I would have reduced Montreal to ashes before I would have endured half of what you did; and he added, ‘I should have been justified too.’ ‘Yes,’ I answered, ‘you would have been justified, because your course would have been perfectly defensible; but it would not have been the best course.
		In 1849, the annexation, manifesto appeared, and among the signatories were magistrates, Queen’s counsel and militia officers.
	www.electricscotland.com /History/canada/scot/chapter19.htm (10834 words)

	Montreal Annexation Manifesto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Papineau too had seen the same domination by an elite in France and given the tiny population in Canada vis-a-vis that of the United States, these people understood that the abolition of duties at such an early point in Canadas economic development would be disasterous for Canadian business and the job losses would be massive.
		In an editorial, the New York Herald newspaper responded to the Annexation Movement with the following advice: "The first thing for the people of Canada to do, however, is to obtain England's consent to dispose of themselves as they think proper." The Montreal Annexation Manifesto - October 11, 1849: To the People of Canada.
		Fellow-Colonists, We have thus laid before you our views and convictions on a momentous question involving a change, which, though contemplated by many of us with varied feelings and emotions, we all believe to be inevitable; one of which it is our duty to provide for, and lawfully to promote.
	montreal-annexation-manifesto.kiwiki.homeip.net (2409 words)

	The Scot in British North America - Chapter V Canada from 1840 to 1867 Part B
		He was one of the signers of the celebrated annexation manifesto of that year, although he has always been distinctly loyal, and is now an ardent champion of British connection.
		Meanwhile he had removed to Montreal, which, with characteristic prescience, the young Scot saw would be the future centre of trade.
		In 1863, he was unsuccessful as a candidate for Montreal West, but in 1872 succeeded by a majority of 800.
	www.electricscotland.com /HISTORY/canada/scot/chapter18.htm (11796 words)

	Commercial Policy in the Age of Laissez-faire.
		The South was opposed to protectionism, but, if reciprocity were seen as a preliminary to annexation, and some viewed it that way, then it was a preliminary to upsetting the balance between slave and free states.
		Like the annexationists of Montreal, in 1849, they thought they could revive their luck by attaching their territory to the United States.
		The term `annexation' he considered a misnomer for the reunion of a people unfortunately divided by a civil war.
	www.upei.ca /~rneill/canechist/topic_17.html (5635 words)

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