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Topic: Montreal Convention

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Convention on International Civil Aviation

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	Aeroméxico
		The passenger shall be given written notice to the effect that where this Convention is applicable it governs and may limit the liability of carriers in respect of death or injury and for destruction or loss of, or damage to, baggage, and for delay.
		Nothing in this Convention shall prevent the parties in the case of combined carriage from inserting in the document of air carriage conditions relating to other modes of carriage, provided that the provisions of this Convention are observed as regards the carriage by air.
		For the purpose of this Convention, a "Regional Economic Integration Organisation" means any organisation which is constituted by' sovereign States of a given region which has competence in respect of certain matters governed by this Convention and has been duly authorized to sign and to ratify, accept, approve or accede to this Convention.
	www.aeromexico.com /usa/english/pages/about/corporate_information/montreal_convention.html (4997 words)

	Montreal Convention - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Montreal Convention, formally the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, is a treaty adopted by a Diplomatic meeting of ICAO member states in 1999.
		The Montreal Convention also changes and generally increases the maximum liability of airlines for lost baggage to a fixed amount 1000 SDRs (the amount in the Warsaw Convention is based on weight of the baggage).
		Montreal convention was brought about mainly to amend liabilities to be paid to families for death or injury whilst on board an aircraft.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Montreal_Convention (363 words)

	UNODC - Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This Convention shall be open for signature in Montreal on 1 March 1991 by States participating in the International Conference on Air Law held at Montreal from 12 February to 1 March 1991.
		After 1 March 1991 the Convention shall be open to all States for signature at the Headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization in Montreal until it enters into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article.
		As soon as this Convention comes into force, it shall be registered by the Depositary pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations and pursuant to Article 83 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944).
	www.unodc.org /unodc/terrorism_convention_plastic_explosives.html (2173 words)

	Montreal Convention - November 4, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Montreal Convention is an international agreement that establishes a liability regime for international air transportation and streamlines documentation procedures for air cargo by encouraging the use of automated information systems.
		The Montreal Convention updates and modernizes the Warsaw Convention of 1929, a widely recognized set of international rules governing the liability of an air carrier in the event of the death or injury of a passenger, loss of baggage or cargo or delay during international air transport.
		The Montreal Convention preserves many aspects of the Warsaw Convention but features a new two-tier system of determining carrier liability for the death or injury of passengers in the event of an accident.
	www.tc.gc.ca /mediaroom/backgrounders/b03-A007.htm (351 words)

	TREATY EVENT -- MULTILATERAL TREATIES ON TERRORISM
		The Convention applies to the crimes of direct involvement or complicity in the murder, kidnapping, or attack, whether actual, attempted or threatened, on the person, official premises, private accommodation or means of transport of diplomatic agents and other "internationally protected persons".
		The Convention requires any Contracting State in which the aircraft or its passengers or crew are present to facilitate the continuation of the journey of the passengers and crew as soon as possible and to return the aircraft and its cargo to the persons lawfully entitled to possession without delay.
		The Convention applies to ships navigating or scheduled to navigate into, through or from waters beyond the outer limit of the territorial sea of a single State, or the lateral limits of its territorial sea with adjacent States, or when the alleged offender is found in the territory of a State Party.
	untreaty.un.org /English/tersumen.htm (1750 words)

	Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air
		Any complaint to be made or instruction to be given under this Convention to the carrier shall have the same effect whether addressed to the contracting carrier or to the actual carrier.
		Any clause contained in the contract of carriage and all special agreements entered into before the damage occurred by which the parties purport to infringe the rules laid down by this Convention, whether by deciding the law to be applied, or by altering the rules as to jurisdiction, shall be null and void.
		DONE at Montreal on the 28th day of May of the year one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine in the English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish languages, all texts being equally authentic.
	www.jus.uio.no /lm/air.carriage.unification.convention.montreal.1999/doc (5748 words)

	Aviation Law \| Air France Crash \| Greece Air Crash \| Aviation Law \| Slack & Davis \| 4
		The Montreal Convention of 1999 became effective November 4, 2003, after it was ratified by the requisite 30 countries.
		The Montreal Convention is a combination of the original Warsaw Convention of 1929, the Hague Protocol, Montreal Protocols 3 and 4, Guatemala City Protocol and Guadalajara Supplementary Convention of 1961.
		Under the Montreal Convention, a carrier is liable without proof of fault, in the event of death or bodily injury of a passenger caused by an accident on board the aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking or disembarking.
	www.slackdavis.com /aviation_international.php (837 words)

	The Avalon Project : Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation (1971)
		Notwithstanding paragraph 2 of this Article, in the cases contemplated in subparagraphs (a), (b), (c) and (e) of paragraph 1 of Article 1, this Convention shall also apply if the offender or the alleged offender is found in the territory of a State other than the State of registration of the aircraft.
		This Convention shall be open for signature at Montreal on 23 September 1971, by States participating in the International Conference on Air Law held at Montreal from 8 to 23 September 1971 (hereinafter referred to as the Montreal Conference).
		For other States, this Convention shall enter into force on the date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article, or thirty days following the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession, whichever is later.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/un/civilav.htm (1570 words)

	Entry Into Force of the 1999 Montreal Convention
		The 1999 Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, known as the “Montreal Convention", entered into force today.
		The United States was the 30th state to deposit its instrument of ratification of the Montreal Convention on September 5, 2003.
		Allowing lawsuits in cases of passenger death or injury to be brought in the courts of the passenger’s “principal and permanent residence” where the carrier has a commercial presence in that state, which will in almost all cases ensure that U.S. citizens and permanent residents can bring an action in U.S. courts.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/prs/ps/2003/25920.htm (282 words)

	United States Ratifies 1999 Montreal Convention,
		The convention modernizes the rules governing the liability of airlines to passengers for deaths or injuries attributable to accidents that occur on international journeys.
		The Montreal Convention of 1999 will ensure far more humane treatment of the victims of international airline accidents and their families than is possible under the current system.
		The rules established under the Warsaw Convention, including artificial limits on airline liability to passengers and on the access of many claimants to courts in their own countries, were written during the airline industry’s infancy and have long been viewed as outdated and unjust.
	www.dot.gov /affairs/dot10303.htm (391 words)

	Implementing 1999 Montreal Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Like the Warsaw Convention it will eventually supersede, the Montreal Convention seeks to establish uniform rules governing airline liability and as such is a means to achieve equality and fairness in relation to compensation arrangements.
		The Montreal Convention introduces a comprehensive and up-to-date set of rules defining and governing the liability of air carriers in relation to passengers, baggage and cargo.
		The Convention introduces the possibility for airlines to utilise modern communication techniques in relation to the provision of certain information which, under the Warsaw Convention, had to be given in written form.
	www.dft.gov.uk /stellent/groups/dft_aviation/documents/page/dft_aviation_503572.hcsp (1301 words)

	SCADPlus: Montreal Convention on air carrier liability
		This decision ratifies the Montreal Convention, which introduces a modernised and uniform legal framework governing airline companies' liability in the event of damage caused to passengers, baggage or goods during international journeys.
		Council Decision 2001/539/EC of 5 April 2001 on the conclusion by the European Community of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air (the Montreal Convention) [Official Journal L 194 of 18.07.2001].
		The new Montreal Convention of 1999 introduced a uniform legal framework to govern air carrier liability in the event of damage caused to passengers, baggage or goods during international journeys.
	europa.eu /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l24255.htm (563 words)

	iLUS: SUMMARY - Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Parties agree that the Montreal Convention is in force between them and that it was already in force both at the time of the destruction of the Pan Am aircraft over Lockerbie, on 21 December 1988, and at the time of filing of the Application, on 3 March 1992.
		However, it emphasizes that, in the present case, from the time Libya invoked the Montreal Convention, the United States has claimed that it was not relevant because it was not a question of "bilateral differences" but one of "a threat to international peace and security resulting from State-sponsored terrorism".
		No dispute has existed between Libya and the United States "concerning the interpretation or application of the [Montreal] Convention" as far as the demand for the surrender of the suspects and the refusal to accede to that demand — the main issue in the present case — are concerned.
	www.icj-cij.org /icjwww/idocket/ilus/ilus_isummaries/ilus_summary_19980227.html (4287 words)

	Rapoport Law: The Chalk's Seaplane Crash in Miami Presents Many Legal Questions
		The easiest way for the families to defeat the Warsaw Convention damages cap (usually a meager $75,000 per family) would be to prove the new Montreal Convention applies.
		The Montreal Convention creates a modern and humane legal system without arbitrary damages limitations, a major improvement for the families of air crash victims over the Warsaw Convention system the Montreal Convention was intended to replace.
		At issue is whether the Montreal Convention was "in force" between the United States and the Bahamas on December 19, 2005, the day of the crash.
	www.rapoportlaw.com /news_seaplaneCrash_12192005.html (1056 words)

	The Ozone Hole-The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
		On the basis of the Vienna Convention, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was negotiated and signed by 24 countries and by the European Economic Community in September 1987.
		After a series of rigorous meetings and negotiations, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was finally agreed upon on 16 september 1987 at the Headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization in Montreal.
		The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is one of the first international environmental agreements that includes trade sanctions to achieve the stated goals of a treaty.
	www.theozonehole.com /montreal.htm (561 words)

	Montreal Convention 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After 28 May 1999, the Convention shall be open to all States for signature at the Headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organisation in Montreal until it enters into force in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Article.
		For the purpose of this Convention, a «Regional Economic Integration Organisation» means any organisation which is constituted by sovereign States of a given region which has competence in respect of certain matters governed by this Convention and has been duly authorised to sign and to ratify, accept, approve or accede to this Convention.
		This Convention shall remain deposited in the archives of the International Civil Aviation Organisation, and certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by the Depositary to all States Parties to this Convention, as well as to all States Parties to the Warsaw Convention, The Hague Protocol, the Guadalajara Convention, the Montreal Protocols.
	whitman.syr.edu /facstaff/pcihon/MontrealConvention1999.htm (5179 words)

	Montreal Protocol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion.
		Since the Montreal Protocol came into effect, the atmospheric concentrations of the most important chlorofluorocarbons and related chlorinated hydrocarbons have either leveled off or decreased [2].
		The Indispensable Element in the MONTREAL OZONE PROTOCOL by Richard Benedick
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Montreal_Protocol (1410 words)

	Orbitz: Notice of Incorporated Terms of Contract
		Carriage hereunder is subject to the rules and limitations relating to liability established by the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention unless such carriage is not "international carriage" as defined by the applicable Convention.
		For such passengers to whom the Montreal Convention applies, the Convention provides that the liability of carriers for death or personal injury to passengers is approximately $150,000 (100,000 SDR) per passenger, and that liability up to such limit shall not depend on negligence on the part of the carrier.
		The Convention also provides that the liability of carriers for delay is limited in most cases to proven damages not to exceed $6,225 (4150 SDR) per passenger.
	www.orbitz.com /shared/pagedef/content/air/air_ticket_popup.jsp (1582 words)

	Ratification of the 1999 Montreal Convention
		Earlier today, the United States deposited with the International Civil Aviation Organization the U.S. instrument of ratification of the 1999 Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, known as the “Montreal Convention”.
		The United States is the thirtieth state to consent to be bound by the Convention, which will bring the Convention into force sixty days from today.
		The Montreal Convention is the culmination of over four decades of efforts by the United States to eliminate the unconscionably low limits of liability provided under the 1929 Warsaw Convention when passengers are killed or injured in international air carrier accidents.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/prs/ps/2003/23851.htm (302 words)

	A Walking Tour Guide of Montreal's Chinatown
		Revival of Montreal's Chinatown started in the 1980s with the installation of a pedestrian mall on de la Gauchetière and construction of the Catholic Community Centre and a senior citizens' home.
		This land was acquired by the Jesuits at the end of the 17th century andwas used by the militia for drills.
		This was originally the Montreal General Hospital and the oldest part of the building dates from 1821.
	www.vehiculepress.com /montreal/chinatown.html (1196 words)

	History of Air Law - Montreal Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Convention generally is limited by Article 1 to commercial international air carriage, including flights between two States Parties to the Convention or a round trip from a State Party to the Convention with an agreed stopping point in another State, regardless of whether that State is party to the Convention.
		The Convention has a provision on advance payments, Article 28, which acknowledges the right of States to have national laws that require their own carriers to make such payments in the event of passenger death or injury and addresses certain procedural issues related to such payments.
		Articles 39-48 of the Convention define the rights of passengers and consignors in operations where all or part of the carriage is provided by an airline that is not party to the contract of carriage (e.g., code-share operations, freight consolidators, etc.).
	www.cargolaw.com /presentations_montreal_cli.html (3998 words)

	FORWARDERLAW.COM : LIBRARY
		The Montreal Convention entered into force on November 4th 2003, and now takes precedence over it and any of its amendments and related instruments, and as a practical matter will supersede the private inter-carrier agreements, where the State or States relevant in a particular accident are party to the new Convention.
		The Convention represents a vast improvement over the liability regime established under the Warsaw Convention and its related instruments, relative to passenger rights in the event of an accident.
		China is a party to both the Warsaw Convention, done on October 12th 1929 and its1955 Hague Protocol, and the Montreal Convention will be effective to China as of July 31, 2005.
	www.forwarderlaw.com /library/view.php?article_id=334 (821 words)

	Proposed Montreal Comvention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		"Montreal Protocol 4" is diplomatic language to describe a Fourth Amendment -- or a protocol -- to the Warsaw Convention of 1929 that happened to have been made at Montreal in 1975.
		"The Montreal Convention of 1999" is at this stage only a proposal for replacing the entire Warsaw Convention of 1929 with a completely modernized treaty that also happened to have been drafted at Montreal, in 1999.
		The Montreal Convention is primarily designed to unify the patchwork of private airline rules dealing with passenger injury and death claim issues.
	www.cargolaw.com /presentations_montreal_con.html (1962 words)

	Montreal Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Montreal Convention will in the foreseeable future become the worldwide norm and thus replace the Warsaw Convention.
		Until such time the Montreal Convention will only apply to shipments where point of dispatch and destination both fall within an area where it is in force.
		The Montreal Convention will introduce more rigorous liability for the air freight operator, independent of the factor of negligence.
	www.lufthansacargo.com /content.jsp?path=0,1,19197,19207 (216 words)

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