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Topic: Monument to the Royal Stuarts

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	Monument to the Royal Stuarts - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Monument to the Royal Stuarts is a memorial in St.
		The monument to the Royal Stuarts was originally commissioned by Monsignor Angelo Cesarini, executor of the estate of Henry Benedict Stuart.
		Opposite the monument to the Royal Stuarts in St. Peter's Basilica is a monument to Maria Clementina Sobieski, wife of James Francis Edward Stuart and mother of Charles Edward Stuart and Henry Benedict Stuart.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Monument_to_the_Royal_Stuarts (499 words)

	Monument to the Stuarts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		However, it is a Christian monument to the last three members of the royal house of Stuart who, because they remained faithful to the Catholic church were removed from the throne of England.
		The monument is dedicted to James III (1688-1766) son of James II (1633-1701) the last Stuart to reign over England, Scotland and Ireland, and to his sons Charles Edward (1720-1788) and Henry (1725-1805).
		Opposite the monument to the Stuarts, above the entrance to the dome, is a monument to Maria Clementine Sobieska, the pious niece of the King of Poland, John III and wife to James III Stuart, pretender to the English throne.
	www.miraclerosarymission.org /stuarts.html (320 words)

	HENRY - Online Information article about HENRY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Albani, who was bitterly opposed to the Stuart cause.
		pension of f4000 to the last of the Royal Stuarts.
		Vaughan, Last of the Royal Stuarts; and A.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HEG_HIG/HENRY.html (996 words)

	A Jacobite Gazetteer - Vatican - Monument to the Stuart Kings
		This is one of the few monuments in the basilica which is raised in memory of a non-pope (although there are a number of non-papal monuments in the crypt).
		The white marble monument is in the form of an ancient pagan funerary stele.
		Antonio Canova was born in Possagno, near Treviso, in 1757, and died in Venice in 1822.
	www.jacobite.ca /gazetteer/Vatican/Stuart_monument.htm (821 words)

	Guide to Saint Peter's Basilica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Monument to Pope Benedict XV Monument to the Stuarts
		The monument is striking because of the different and beautiful types of marble used: the bases are fl and white, the colors of mourning, the great funeral drape is made of Sicilian jasper, and the statue of the pope, atop a perfect pyramid is white marble.
		Beneath the monument the Pope is depicted as laying in serene, peaceful death in a sarcophagus.
	stpetersbasilica.org /Docs/GuideSPB4.htm (3053 words)

	Charles Edward Stuart Summary
		Prince Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir Stuart (1720-1788), called the Young Pretender and Bonnie Prince Charlie, was the last member of the Stuart line to prosecute actively the Stuart claim to the English and Scottish thrones.
		Charles Edward Stuart was born in Rome on Dec. 31, 1720, the eldest son of James Francis Edward Stuart, commonly styled the Old Pretender.
		The claims by two nineteenth century charlatans, Charles and John Allen alias John Sobieski Stuart and Charles Edward Stuart, that their father Thomas Allen was a legitimate son of Charles and Louise are without foundation.
	www.bookrags.com /Charles_Edward_Stuart (1522 words)

	St. Peter's - Monument to the Stuarts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The monument is dedicated to James III (1688-1766) son of James II (1633-1701) the last Stuart to reign over England, Scotland and Ireland, and to his sons Charles Edward (1720-1788) and Henry (1725-1805).
		The fact that the monument was originally intended chiefly to honour Henry IX and I is shown by the central position that his portrait has in the final work.
		The monument was commissioned by Pope Pius VII in 1817 and erected in 1819.
	www.stpetersbasilica.org /Monuments/Stuarts/Stuarts.htm (1546 words)

	Prince Charles - Descendants of the Stuarts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Stuart blood, it would seem, enriches the veins of every Christian sovereign of Europe, and among the European noble families will be found many princes who, by the now ignored and we hope never to be revived, priciple of divine hereditary right, are nearer heirs to the British throne than the Prince of Wales.
		The heir-of-line of the Stuarts is, we believe, Francis, ex-Duke of Modena, the heiress presumptive being his niece, Maria Theresa, wife of Prince Louis of Bavaria.
		Great Britain, however, is as likely to assert her right to the allegiance of the United States as is any of the many descendants of the Stuarts to endeavour to establish a claim to the throne of England, to the prejudice of the reigning family.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/charles/102.htm (662 words)

	Mary STUART (Queen of Scotland)
		In addition, many Roman Catholics recognised Mary Stuart as Queen of England after Mary I died and the Protestant Elizabeth I succeeded her to the throne in Nov 1558.
		But when she was assured that she would be allowed to have recorded a protest to that effect, she said that she would condescend to attend the trial so as to clear her name of the charge of plotting to kill Elizabeth.
		This suggests her innocence, for she must have suspected that her letter to Babington had been intercepted; she obviously did not expect to be confronted with anything incriminating in the letter, or else she could have continued to stand on her royal dignity and to refuse to attend the trial.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Bios/MaryStuart.htm (2836 words)

	Area Overview - The News Leader - www.newsleader.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Of the two, the Stuarts were first and are the most significant in local history.Archibald Stuart was the first of the family to arrive in the area, having migrated from northern Ireland to Pennsylvania and on into the Shenandoah Valley by the 1730s.
		Stuart’s youngest son, Alexander, was born in Pennsylvania in 1733 and was 5 when the family came to Augusta.
		In 1788, Stuart was elected to the Virginia Convention that ratified the U.S. Constitution.
	www.newsleader.com /communities/overview/marking.html (19331 words)

	St. George's Chapel > History > Stuarts & Hanoverians
		Charles I was executed in 1649, wearing two shirts lest his shivering in the cold should be mistaken for fear (one shirt is now in the Royal Library).
		George III also arranged for the excavation of the Royal Vault under the Albert Memorial Chapel, in which several monarchs and members of the Royal Family are laid to rest.
		King George IV caused a memorial to his daughter, Princess Charlotte, who died in childbirth in 1817, to be placed in the Urswick Chapel.
	www.stgeorges-windsor.org /history/hist_stuarts.asp (543 words)

	<Tudors and Stuarts>
		Henry's argument was that this marriage had been against the divine law - the biblical injunction in Leviticus forbidding marriage to a brother's widow - the deaths of the children proved God's judgement of this union - Henry convinced himself that he was living in mortal sin as long as he and Catherine were married.
		The heir was James 6 of Scotland, the son of Mary Stuart.
		Last Stuart king, James 2, was a Catholic convert and made it clear that he intended to restore Catholicism..
	www-lu.hive.no /engelsk/TudorsandStuarts.htm (1808 words)

	A Jacobite Gazetteer - Florence - Basilica di Santa Croce
		The first monument on the left wall of this chapel is the tomb of Queen Louise (wife of King Charles III) who died in 1824; her body was placed here by decree of the Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany.
		In this particular rendition of the royal arms, the unicorn seems to have mislaid his horn, and bears a significant resemblance to a horse; the chain too is not affixed in the normal fashion.
		In 1819 he completed the monument to the Stuart kings in Saint Peter's Basilica.
	www.jacobite.ca /gazetteer/Florence/SCroce.htm (876 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: England (Since the Reformation)
		The year after his accession an Act was passed "for the due execution of the Statutes against Jesuits, Seminary priests and other priests", which took away from Catholics the power of sending their children to be educated abroad, and of providing schools for them at home.
		The gist of it was that by the royal authority all laws against all classes of Nonconformists were suspended, that all religious tests imposed upon them by statute as a qualification for office were abrogated.
		The magnificent fane conceived by the genius of John Francis Bentley may, in some sort, be considered as Cardinal Vaughan's monument, as being the outcome of his energy and zeal.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05445a.htm (13371 words)

	The Problem of Lineal Standards
		Some monuments of Athens, according to measurements reported by Dinsmoor, were planned by a unit whose value agrees with the value of the ancient pied de roi.
		Guilhermoz reports that the perche royale was equal to 22 Roman feet; he quotes evidence such as a report of a landsurvey of 1394 A. in which it is specified XXII piez pour la perche au pie du Chastelet.
		From this period on, one refers to other standards sanctioned by royal authority; one wonders whether the shift was due to the disappearance of the Guild Hall bars or to the policy, initiated by the Stuarts, aimed at reducing the power and the prestige of the municipal body of London.
	www.metrum.org /measures/lineal.htm (11390 words)

	Harold Laski: Introduction to Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos
		But the theory of royal power for which he stood was too absolute for a nobility which sought a larger share in government, and a third estate which was prepared to defend the retention of urban franchises which acted as a protection for religious freedom.
		Since it was likely to possess the ear of royal authority, its writers devoted themselves to the proof that all rebellion was wrong, and that royal power was absolute by definition.
		The speeches of l'Hôpital are an enduring monument to the temper of the movement; while lesser works like the Discours of La Noue and the Vindiciae of Servins are, in a lower rank, illustrative of the diverse aspects possessed by the party.
	www.constitution.org /vct/vind_laski.htm (20993 words)

	The History of Freedom in Christianity - Lord Acton
		State and Church were swept away; new institutions were raised up under the ablest ruler that had ever sprung from a revolution; and England, seething with the toil of political thought, had produced at least two writers who in many directions saw as far and as clearly as we do now.
		In the sovereign question of Religion this was decisive; for the practice of the sixteenth century, as well as of the fifteenth, testified in favour of intolerance.
		By royal command, the nation had passed four times in one generation from one faith to another, with a facility that made a fatal impression on Laud.
	www.mondopolitico.com /library/lordacton/freedominchristianity/freedominchristianity.htm (8039 words)

	Guida Turistica di St Peter's Basilica - Prenota hotel italia - filcoo
		From their perspective the most spectacular find was, beyond doubt, the small monument under the present altar of the church which, all evidence suggests, was built as early as AD 160 to mark the tomb of St. Peter below it.
		After that come the monuments to Pius X and Innocent VIII, then the monuments to John XXIII and Benedict XV, and the Chapel of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin.
		West of the left transept is the monument to Alexander VII by Bernini.
	www.filcoo.com /st_peters_basilica_guide_it.htm (2270 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart
		He was the second son of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Chevalier de St. George, and Clementina, daughter of Prince James Sobieski.
		At his death the Stuart papers in his possession were bought by George IV for the Royal Library, and others are now in the British Museum.
		VAUGHAN, The Last of the Royal Stuarts (London, 1906); KELLY, Life of Henry Benedict Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York (London, 1899); WISEMAN, Recollections of the Last Four Popes (London, 1858); JESSE, The Pretenders and their Adherents (London, 1845) MASTROFINI, Orazione per la morte di Enrico Cardinale Duca de York (Rome, 1807); HENDERSON in Dict.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14316b.htm (447 words)

	The Gardens Palais-Royal And The Rue De Richelieu
		After the restoration of the Stuarts, she had gone back to England, but finding that she had no longer a place in royal society, she returned to France, where she died on August 31, 1669.
		After the death of Henriette-Marie, the palace came into possession of her daughter who was known as Henriette-Ann of France, and was the daughter HenrietteMarie had by Charles I. This daughter was born at Exeter in 1644, and was, therefore, only about five years of age when her father was sent to the scaffold.
		However, you will find a monument to him on this street, but since it is at the corner where the Rue Moliere meets the Rue de Richelieu, you will have passed it by the time we come out of the gardens.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles03/paris8.shtml (3499 words)

	The Royal Collection - Ceremony and Celebration: Coronation Day 1953
		It was an agreement with my patron that all these should be subjected to the compositional sweep, the calligraphy of movement - to the 'mood' of my interpretation; that they should not be information-bound, but be 'contemporary paintings', independent of dead-wood conventions'.
		The Coronation dress of white satin was created by the royal couturier Norman Hartnell, whose sketches were unveiled to the press the day before the event.
		The greatest monument to Topolski's skill as a chronicler of contemporary life is the huge mural, The Memoir of the Century, under one of the arches beneath Hungerford Bridge.
	www.royalcollection.org.uk /default.asp?action=article&ID=170 (827 words)

	St. Peter's Basilica - Rome, Italy
		The enormous gilded bronze monument was designed by Bernini in 1666 to enclose an oak throne donated by Carolingian ruler Charles the Bald upon his coronation in St. Peter's in 875.
		The door under the monument is the entrance to the Sacristy and Treasury Museum.
		On your left as you leave is the Monument to the Royal Stuarts, a pyramidal masterpiece by Antonio Canova.
	www.sacred-destinations.com /italy/rome-st-peters-basilica.htm (4489 words)

	Where is Bonnie Prince Charlie Buried?
		The last of the three Royal Stuarts are buried here, the Old and New Pretender, father and son, kings in their own right, as well as Cardinal York, Charlie’s younger brother Henry, who turned to the church instead of the battlefield.
		At the top of the monument, you will find two lions rampant, and below the busts are two lovely mourning angels with bowed heads leaning on two upside-down torches that they are about to extinguish.
		Much to my pleasure, there on the wall opposite the Stuart monument is a tribute to the wife and mother of these three men, Maria Clementina Sobieska, niece of King John II of Poland.
	www.electricscotland.com /familytree/magazine/decjan2004/bpc.htm (1217 words)

	Personal recollections of Lord Cloncurry
		This was quite a splendid affair, with a false bottom of silver, to hold warm water, as the weather was cold; but the poor cardinals in the Pope's suite were jolted along in vehicles not less inconvenient and rude than the ancient biga, though profusely adorned with gilding, and lined with velvet.
		Upon one side of this medal was the royal bust, with the cardinal's hat, and the words, Henricus nonus Dei gratia Rex, and upon the other, the arms of England, with the motto on the exerque:-Haud desideriis hominum, sed voluntate Dei.
		While speaking of the debris of the house of Stuart, I may mention Louisa de Stollberg, Madame D'Albany, the widow of the Pretender, Charles Edward, and the chere amie, or privately-married wife of Count Alfieri, the celebrated poet.
	www.quinnipiac.edu /other/abl/etext/irish/recollections/Chapter8.html (6153 words)

	Telford, The Life of Thomas Telford - CHAPTER VI.
		The news of the rout of the Royal army at Prestonpans, and the intended march of the Highlanders southwards, put a stop to business as well as pleasure, and caused a general consternation throughout the northern counties.
		The great bulk of the people were, however, comparatively indifferent to the measures of defence which were adopted; and but for the energy displayed by the country gentlemen in raising forces in support of the established government, the Stuarts might again have been seated on the throne of Britain.
		It is situated a little to the south-east of the Woking station of the South-western Railway, and is popularly known as "Woking Monument." It stands on the verge of Woking Heath, which is a continuation of the vast tract of heath land which extends in one direction as far as Bagshot.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/biography/TheLifeofThomasTelford/chap6.html (7089 words)

	The King over the Water: The Life of Prince James Francis Edward Stuart - Scottish National Portrait Gallery - ...
		James Francis Edward Stuart was a king without a throne: the uncrowned heir of King James VII and II.
		Concluding the exhibition is a near life-size reconstruction of Canova’s magnificent tomb to the exiled Stuarts, erected in St Peter's, Rome at the expense of King George IV.
		It is a fitting monument to the last of the Stuarts and to the reconciliation between the royal houses of Stuart and Hanover that could only be effected by death.
	www.absolutearts.com /artsnews/2001/04/27/28476.html (599 words)

	THE GOD DEWI AND THE RED DRAGON
		It is not surprising that Henry should have attached especial importance to this royal beast, which he would have inherited from his father, for it symbolised, and perhaps in his eyes made more substantial, his tenuous links with the house of Lancaster.
		The supporters of the English royal arms were a lion and a dragon, but the latter was replaced by a unicorn for Scotland by the Stuarts.
		This is also true of the achievements of the rest of the royal family, in each case the hereldic lions have in turn had three then four toes.
	www.angelfire.com /journal2/ck15endtimecolumn/celticgoddewi.html (4992 words)

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