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| | The Use of Animal Examples for Moral Pedagogy in the Imperial Stoa |
 | | For example, what are we to make of the rigid dichotomy Seneca and Epictetus draw between rational and non-rational beings in relation to the diverse comparisons they make between human virtues and vices on the one hand and animal excellences and "bestial'behaviors on the other? |
 | | He also uses both positive and negative animal examples to underscore the human norms of sociability and solidarity, gregariousness, cooperativeness, personal hygiene, whole-hearted commitment, temperance, self-sufficiency, faithful parenting, courage, and integrity. |
 | | Medea, for example, is described as transforming herself from a human being into a viper. |
| www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/04mtg/abstracts/stephens.html (426 words) |
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