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Topic: Moral relativism

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Ethical relativism

Moral absolutism

Moral objectivism

Moral universalism

Morality

Situational ethics

Cultural relativism

Ethical intuitionism

Categorical imperative

Relativism

Bernard Williams

Goodness and value theory

Ethics

Deontology

Divine command theory

	Moral relativism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In philosophy, moral relativism takes the position that moral or ethical propositions do not reflect absolute and universal moral truths but instead exist relative to social, cultural, historical or personal references, and that no single standard exists by which to assess an ethical proposition's truth.
		Moral relativism does not equate to moral pluralism, or value pluralism (which acknowledges the co-existence of opposing ideas and practices, but does not require that they be equally valid).
		Moral relativism, in contrast, contends that opposing moral positions have no truth-value, and that no preferred standard of reference exists by which to judge them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moral_relativism (295 words)

	Relativism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For them, relativism refers to a methodological stance, in which the researcher suspends (or brackets) his or her own cultural biases while attempting to understand beliefs and behaviors in their local contexts.
		One common argument against relativism suggests that it inherently contradicts, refutes, or stultifies itself: the statement "all is relative" classes either as a relative statement or as an absolute one.
		Relativism, according to the Catholic and Aristotelian viewpoint, violates the philosophical principle of non-contradiction, a most fundamental principle of all thinking, and without which humans have no way to understand each other nor any possibility of science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Relativism (2477 words)

	Myths about moral relativism.
		Moral relativism, like atheism and libertarianism, is an excellent, reasoned system, but not so good as to be able to overcome the emotional arguments and myths against it.
		Moral relativism is the recognition that since there are no truly universal value sets, it should be left to each person to adopt their own values without coercion from the church, government, community, or other institutions of authority.
		Moral relativism (which I will refer to as MR in my responses henceforth) is not a license to do whatever you please.
	www.geocities.com /dreamer-71/relativist.html (1859 words)

	Moral Relativism
		Moral relativism has the unusual distinction — both within philosophy and outside it — of being attributed to others, almost always as a criticism, far more often than it is explicitly professed by anyone.
		Nonetheless, the increasing awareness moral diversity (especially between Western and non-Western cultures) on the part of Europeans in the modern era is an important antecedent to the contemporary concern with moral relativism.
		Examples of moral practices that appear sharply at odds with moral outlooks common in the United States are not hard to come by: polygamy, arranged marriages, suicide as a requirement of honor or widowhood, severe punishments for blasphemy or adultery, female circumcision or genital mutilation (as it is variously called), and so on.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/moral-relativism (10699 words)

	[No title]
		In moral discussion, the fact that a skinhead (a type of young Neo-Nazi) and I may disagree about whether we should treat people equally and fairly is not sufficient evidence to say that equality and fairness have no objective value.
		Moral relativism has been rejected by a near unanimous number of both secular and theistic ethicists and philosophers.
		As we have seen, however, moral relativism is inconsistent with tolerance, closed off to the possibility of moral truth, and an intellectual failure.
	www.equip.org /free/DA241.htm (2989 words)

	Relativism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Relativism is sometimes identified (usually by its critics) as the thesis that all points of view are equally valid.
		Thus, forms of moral relativism assert the relativity of moral values; forms of epistemological relativism assert the relativity of knowledge.
		For example, moral subjectivism is that species of moral relativism that relativizes moral value to the individual subject.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/r/relativi.htm (352 words)

	Moral Relativism; Morals, Biblical Counseling Topics, Psychology
		Ethical, moral, and social issues are beginning to dominate the headlines of major newspapers and the front covers of leading magazines.
		For one cannot appeal to the fact that we live in a pluralistic society (characterized by moral pluralism/relativism) when the very question of who is part of that society (that is, whether it includes unborn children) is itself the point under dispute.
		Moral relativism has been rejected by a near unanimous number of both secular and theistic ethicists and philosophers.[6] Yet it is still popular to espouse this view in many of our secularized cultural institutions.
	www.mustardseed.net /html/tomoralrelativism.html (4502 words)

	WCAS - Moral Relativism
		Instead the truth value of moral judgements are relative to individually and culturally variable states of opinion or feeling.
		The cultural argument for relativism assumes, incorrectly, that moral truths and moral beliefs are the same.
		The majority of moral relativists in western society are humanists and most humanists are materialistic Darwinian evolutionists.
	www.christian-apologetics.org /html/Moral_Relativism.htm (1003 words)

	The Peace Encyclopedia: Moral Relativism, Moral Equivalence, Ethical Relativism, Cultural Relativism, Egalitarianism
		Reinforcing this relativism is the behavioral doctrine that humanity in general, and their rulers in particular, employ altruistic language like "peace" or "justice" or the "common good" to conceal egotistical motives or dignify self-serving ends.
		"...relativism erodes belief in the truth or justice of their country's cause and thereby undermines their country's ability to persevere in any conflict with regimes whose educators are not relativists".
		Morality, religion, metaphysics, all the rest of ideology and their corresponding forms of consciousness, thus no longer retain the semblance of independence." Another perverse mind, exempting itself from its own conclusions.
	www.yahoodi.com /peace/mrelativism.html (1787 words)

	Left2Right: relativism isn't in the eye of the beholder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Moral relativism is in the news, having been roundly denounced by the new pope shortly before his election.
		Relativism is the view that the correct standard of right and wrong depends on (or is relative to) either the person applying it or the person to whom it is applied.
		Moral theory aims essentially to understand the significance of ought-judgments and, given the answer to that inquiry, what justification of such a judgment would consist in; and, if we could figure that out, we would then be in a position to ascertain justifiable substantive moral principles.
	left2right.typepad.com /main/2005/04/what_moral_rela.html (14340 words)

	Moral Relativism
		Moral Relativism rests on the belief that values are subjective.
		Moral Relativism is the denial of truth in ethical questions.
		Intellectually, Moral Relativism is an attempt at destroying the concept of ethics.
	rebirthofreason.com /Objectivism101/Evil_MoralRelativism.shtml (268 words)

	Moral Relativism and Objectivism
		Moral Relativism: The view that what is morally right or wrong depends on what someone thinks.
		Moral Relativism has become an increasingly popular view in the latter part of this century.
		That is, the view that the 'moral facts' are like 'physical' facts in that what the facts are does not depend on what anyone thinks they are.
	www.ucs.mun.ca /~alatus/phil1200/RelativismObjectivism.html (678 words)

	Moral Relativism Refuted by Apolonio Latar
		The metaphysical relativism is the claim that there are no absolutes in reality; epistemological is that there are no absolutes in knowledge; morality is the denial of moral absolutes; and religious is the clam that there is no true religion.
		Moral relativism is the belief that there are no moral absolutes; that morality is relative to something (i.e.
		Morality is not dependent on the government, but the government is dependent on the morality.
	www.bringyou.to /apologetics/p17.htm (1246 words)

	Catallarchy » Moral Relativism Redux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Moral relativism is the position that moral propositions do not reflect absolute or universal truths.
		Equalizing the actions of Bin Laden and Truman is moral relativism because it fails to acknowledge the circumstances surrounding their actions and the objectives they had in mind on a single standard of morality.
		What rankles conservatives about moral relativism is that they are hypocrits: they are moral relativists WRT state action (vs individual action), just like about everyone; yet they adamantly oppose moral relativism when it taken further in the direction of atomization.
	catallarchy.net /blog/archives/2005/08/08/moral-relativism-redux (7570 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Relativism
		Modern Relativism, on the other hand, though it too tends to pass into Scepticism, was in its origin a reaction against Scepticism.
		The obvious objection to a Relativism of this kind is the outstanding thing-in-itself, which is not, and can never become, and object of knowledge.
		The principal argument upon which this Relativism rests, is fundamentally the same as that used by Berkeley in his famous "Dialogue between Hylas and Philonus".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12731d.htm (2427 words)

	Crosswalk.com - The Problem with 'The New Morality' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Moral relativism can be defined as a lack of moral absolutes.
		It is the belief that just because something is true to you doesn't necessarily mean that it is true to me. Moral relativism teaches that we are all products of the evolutionary process.
		Moral relativism teaches that we are all basically good, and if we do something bad, it is because we are victims, the result of our upbringing or environment.
	www.crosswalk.com /news/1281696.html (766 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Judeo-Christian values, part 11: Moral absolutes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is known as moral relativism, and it is the dominant attitude toward morality in modern secular society.
		Moral relativism means that murder, for example, is not objectively wrong – you may feel it's wrong, but it is no more objectively wrong than your feeling that some music is awful renders that music objectively awful.
		They assume that situational ethics is the same thing as moral relativism and therefore regard situational ethics as incompatible with Judeo-Christian morality.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=44093 (694 words)

	Moral relativism is wrong
		Humans are not supposed to wrestle with moral dilemmas, but to apply these revealed truths to every situation and problem in life.
		The argument that morals are absolute, then, despite their context, is completely inconsistent with Christian history and practice.
		In closing, we should point out that for all the conservative condemnation of "moral relativism," one of the biggest practitioners of moral relativism are conservatives themselves.
	www.huppi.com /kangaroo/L-morrel.htm (1709 words)

	Whiskey Bar: Moral Relativism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The central weakness of the liberal case is that it is morally thin.
		Once you say that it is up to individuals or families to draw their own lines separating life from existence, and reasonable people will differ, then you...
		Once you say that it is up to individuals or families to draw their own lines separating life from existence, and reasonable people will differ, then you are taking a fundamental issue out of the realm of morality and into the realm of relativism and mere taste.
	billmon.org /archives/001775.html (336 words)

	Natural Law and Moral Relativism
		Its primary limitation is that all versions of it are relative to the time, place, culture, and outlook of its formulators.
		Despite this, merit attaches to the effort to seek agreement about moral norms based on principles that are potentially available to all rational inquirers.
		Any particular moral claim based on nature may reflect an objective moral order, but we can never know for sure that it does.
	www.frontiernet.net /~kenc/law.htm (349 words)

	Philosophical Dictionary: Relativism-Ryle
		Moral relativists hold that there are no universal standards of moral value, but only the cultural norms of particular societies.
		Accountability for the actions one performs and the consequences they bring about, for which a moral agent could be justly punished or rewarded.
		Moral responsibility is commonly held to require the agent's freedom to have done otherwise.
	www.philosophypages.com /dy/r9.htm (1311 words)

	Ethics Updates: Ethical Relativism Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		NPR's Talk of the Nation: "Cultural Relativism." Join Ray Suarez and his guests for a discussion of the problems of political asylum seekers who, instead of fleeing war or famine, are leaving their countries because of cultural practices.
		McClintock’s "The Argument for Ethical Relativism from the Diversity of Morals," The Monist, Vol.
		In their culture, having a son as a first child is a matter of great joy, and they all sympathized with what they presumed was her sense of deep disappointment that she had given birth to a girl.
	ethics.acusd.edu /theories/Relativism (2253 words)

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