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	Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski (1877 - 1944), Polish-Jewish industrialist and Zionist activist, functioned as the Nazi-nominated head of the Judenrat, or Jewish authorities in the Łódź Ghetto.
		Rumkowski claimed that he tried to convince the Germans to cut down the number of Jews required for deportation and failed.
		Rumkowski's "Give Me Your Children" speech pleaded with the Jews in the ghetto to give up children of ten years-of-age and younger, as well as the old and the sick, so that others might survive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chaim_Rumkowski (541 words)

	Facts about topic: (Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski (1877 - 1944) was the Nazi (A German member of Adolf Hitler's political party) -nominated head of the Judenrat (additional info and facts about Judenrat), or Jewish (additional info and facts about Jewish) authorities in the Lodz Ghetto (additional info and facts about Lodz Ghetto).
		Rumkowski and his family was eventually deported and killed in Auschwitz (A Nazi concentration camp for Jews in southwestern Poland during World War II).
		Rumkowski gave his "Give Me Your Children" speech, pleading with the Jews in the Ghetto to give up their children who were ten years of age and younger, as well as the old and the sick, so that others may survive.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/M/Mo/Mordechai_Chaim_Rumkowski.htm (520 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski (1877 - 1944), Polish-Jewish industrialist and Zionist activist, functioned as the Nazi -nominated head of the Judenrat, or Jewish authorities in the ÃÂÃÂ³dÃÂº Ghetto.
		Rumkowski gave his "Give Me Your Children" speech, pleading with the Jews in the ghetto to give up children of ten years-of-age and younger, as well as the old and the sick, so that others might survive.
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski (1877 - 1944) was the Nazi -nominated head of Jewish authorities in Lodz.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mordechai-Chaim-Rumkowski (1218 words)

	Lodz Ghetto
		Rumkowski was a Zionist and felt that the ghetto was a parcial fulfillment of the Zionist goals he believed in.
		Rumkowski pleaded with the Germans to allow him to deliver the number of Jews required for work, for the sake of peace, as the Germans had been grabbing Jews off the streets.
		Rumkowski's goal was to save a majority, to at least a portion of the ghetto, to what few he could rescue.
	www.studyworld.com /newsite/ReportEssay/History/European/Lodz_Ghetto-3275113.htm (3796 words)

	Mordechai_Chaim_Rumkowski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		'''Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski''' (1877 - 1944) was the Nazi-nominated head of the ''Judenrat'', or Jewish authorities in the Lodz Ghetto.
		Rumkowski and his family was eventually deported and killed in Auschwitz.
		When the extermination camp at Chelmno was instituted in 1941, the Nazis forced Rumkowski to organize the deportation of some of the ghetto population.
	goc.subdomain.de /Mordechai_Chaim_Rumkowski (486 words)

	Guide to the Records of the Nachman Zonabend Collection1939-1944RG 241
		Rumkowski was to organize and maintain "orderly community life” with respect to economy, provisioning, labor, health and welfare; to submit to the German administration weekly statistics of all ghetto inhabitants; to list and secure all Jewish assets for the purpose of confiscation except for vitally needed clothes, food and dwellings.
		Appeal by Rumkowski to house janitors to guard the houses in the ghetto area during resettlement of the Jewish population to the ghetto.
		Rumkowski is authorized to levy a tax to cover his expenditures and to keep as much money in his home as he may need to carry out his tasks.
	www.cjh.org /academic/findingaids/yivo/ncprc/Nachman_Zonabend.html (10223 words)

	This Month in Holocaust History
		Rumkowski was directly responsible to the German ghetto administration (Gettoverwaltung), headed by Hans Biebow, who gave him wide powers in all areas related to the day-to-day life of the ghetto.
		While nobody in the ghetto, including Rumkowski, was aware of the existence of the extermination camp, the danger inherent in the expulsion operation was felt widely.
		Rumkowski tried in vain to persuade the Germans to reduce the number of persons to be deported.
	www1.yadvashem.org /about_holocaust/month_in_holocaust/june/june_lexicon/rumkowski.html (603 words)

	The Lodz Ghetto
		Rumkowski believed that if the ghetto became an extremely useful workforce, then the Jews would be needed by the Nazis and thus, the Nazis would make sure that the ghetto received food.
		Rumkowski believed that these people were a direct threat to his work ethic, thus punished them and later, deported them.
		The Nazis told Rumkowski and Rumkowski told the residents that workers were needed in Germany to repair the damages caused by air raids.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/lodz.html (2301 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 185
		German-occupied Poland, Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, a man in his 60s who had organized and directed a well-known orphanage, became the Nazi-appointed leader of his fellow Jews in Lódz, a major Polish city in territory that the Germans had annexed to the Third Reich.
		On April 5, 1940, Rumkowski sent to the German authorities one of the frequent petitions that would characterize his doomed efforts to preserve Jewish life in the Lódz Ghetto.
		First and foremost, Rumkowski was told that "all residents of the ghetto are forbidden to leave the ghetto, as of April 30, 1940." He would be accountable for "the strict enforcement of this prohibition" and also for the ghetto's "orderly economic life."
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /StaticPages/185.html (502 words)

	Heroes of the Shoah
		Mordechai Anielewicz was born in 1919, and was the leader of the Warsaw Ghetto, the publisher of their newspaper, Against the Stream, and the head of the ZOB, or the Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa, the Jewish Fighting Organisation, the group responsible for the brave and heroic Uprising which began on 19 April 1943.
		On 8 May Mordechai and some of his fighters were caught by the Nazis and murdered at their residence at 18 Mila Street; some of the ZOB killed themselves, such as Lolek Rotblatt and Arie Wilner, rather than die by the poisonous gas being pumped into their bunker by the murderous Nazis.
		Chaim Povroznik is the first one on the right in the front row; Meyer Zis is the first on the left in the back row.
	www.angelfire.com /retro/purple_vinyl/shoahheroes.html (1608 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Dictator of the Lodz Ghetto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		...Rumkowski was moved to protest that the Germans were not accorded the customary deference...
		...Rumkowski never avoided responsibility: he placed himself at the head of troops of children and led them to the registration office and thence to the railroad station...
		...Rumkowski, with his large head and white mane, was singled out, or he stepped forward...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V7I2P19-1.htm (8155 words)

	Rumkowski's "Give Me Your Children" Speech
		Rumkowski was appointed "Eldest of the Jews" of the ghetto when it was established in Feb. of 1940.
		Rumkowski and the Jews in the Lodz Ghetto were in a desperate trap.
		Rumkowski's zest for the administration of his ghetto has many dark facets - his immersion into the power he held displays a sort of megalomania - and the truth was that Rumkowski's power existed only by the blessing of the Germans.
	www.datasync.com /~davidg59/rumkowsk.html (3892 words)

	Benjamin Kujawski - My Long Road to Freedom
		Rumkowski and his clique, it was never really established who were in fact the initiators of these early deportations.
		Rumkowski's main argument was the rescue of the physical as well as the mental health of the Ghetto workers in order to sustain the Ghetto and avoid further deportations.
		Rumkowski together with his young wife and all members of his immediate family perished in Auschwitz in the same way as thousands of innocent men, women and children perished after the final liquidation of the Lodz Ghetto in August of 1944.
	migs.concordia.ca /memoirs/kujawski/benjamin_kujawski_04.htm (14733 words)

	Chaim Rumkowski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski's "Give Me Your Children" speech is a chilling...
		Chaim, or as he is called, "King Chaim", Rumkowski, an old man...
		The ghetto was lorded over by Chaim Rumkowski, Nazi appointed Jewish Elder of Lodz and former head...
	www.drink-universe.com /articles/12/Chaim-Rumkowski.html (482 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 362
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski (left), head of the Lódz Jewish Council, confers with Hans Biebow, the German head of the ghetto administration.
		Rumkowski sought vainly throughout 1942 to limit deportations and to turn the ghetto into an irreplaceable factory.
		On September 4, 1942, fears of a renewed deportation from Lódz came to pass when Jewish Council leader Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski announced that 25,000 Jews under the age of ten and over 65 must be resettled outside the ghetto.
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /StaticPages/362.html (493 words)

	WL archive:559.html
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, who had run a Jewish orphanage before the war, was appointed 'Elder of the Jews' by the Nazis in 1939.
		Having been responsible for the deportation of thousands of ghetto inmates to their deaths- which earned him the label 'collaborator'- Rumkowski, himself, was deported with his family to Auschwitz on 30 August 1944, where they were all murdered.
		The front bears an image of Rumkowski with the ghetto in the background and the month of January opens with the slogans 'work', 'bread', 'care of the sick', protection for the children', 'peace in the ghetto.' There are also a number of sayings at the bottom of most pages.
	www.wienerlibrary.co.uk /archive/archive559.html (377 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 191
		Appointed leader, or Eldest of Jews, of the Lódz Ghetto in 1939, Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski pursued the controversial strategy of "quiet and labor" to further the ghetto's survival.
		Mocked as "King Chaim" by Jews, Rumkowski ruled as a dictator, forcefully quelling all opposition.
		The official seals and the examples of ghetto currency (upper left) testify to the organization of the ghetto, which was overseen by Jewish Council leader Chaim Rumkowski.
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /staticpages/191.html (480 words)

	The Rumkowski of Havana
		Appointed to head the Judenrat as Alteste der Juden (Elder of the Jews) was Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, a former businessman and orphanage director born in 1877.
		By scholarly consensus, Rumkowski was tyrannical in this capacity.
		In “Rumkowski and the Orphans of Lodz,” Lucille Eichengreen recounts being abused by the Elder of the Jews.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/906111/posts (1319 words)

	.:: Welcome To The Jewish Ledger ::.
		The Jewish leader of the ghetto was Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski.
		Rumkowski was appointed by the Nazis to represent the Jews of Lodz.
		It is only the memory that can now imagine what conversations went on that day, what life and death decisions were made, what degradation was ordered that day that changed lives for ever.
	www.jewishledger.com /articles/2005/09/29/news/news09.txt (758 words)

	WJMLL 3/98: William Bostock
		Rumkowski, the highly controversial "Eldest of the Jews" (Mining Co. 1998), was encouraged to create a dictatorship within the ghetto, which unlike Warsaw did not rise, though it sometimes had industrial stoppages notably in July 1942.
		Rumkowski was suicidal for a considerable period in the autumn of 1942 (Dobroszycki 1984:li) when German demands for the names of deportees were at their most savage but did not commit suicide as did some ghetto leaders such as Adam Czerniakow, leader of the Warsaw ghetto (Hilberg 1961:319).
		Rumkowski's many addresses to public meetings throughout the ghetto all appear to have been in Yiddish, including his most infamous speech, "Give me your children", of September 4, 1942, in which, to the sound of "horrible, terrified wailing", he called for parents to offer their children for deportation (Adelson and Lapides 1989:328-331).
	wjmll.ncl.ac.uk /issue03/bostock.htm (3894 words)

	Fritz Hirschberger: "The Fifth Horseman" - Rumkowski
		In 1942 Rumkowski complied with the demand of the Nazis to hand over all children under 10 years of age, all Jews over 65 years and the infirm to the Nazis for deportation (extermination).
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski was appointed as "Elder" of the Jews (Alteste der Juden) in the Lodz or Litzmannstadt Ghetto.
		Rumkowski spent much energy appeasing German demands and in the process, he set up a near-dictatorship within his "ghetto kingdom" - which became practically a starving slave colony.
	www.chgs.umn.edu /Visual___Artistic_Resources/Fritz_Hirschberger2/Rumkowski/rumkowski.html (1744 words)

	Commentary Magazine - How Rumkowski Died (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Rumkowski and Rosenblatt were included in the last transport of Jews to leave the Lodz ghetto for the death camp at Auschwitz in August 1944.
		...Although it had a population half the size of the Warsaw ghetto, the Lodz ghetto was famous for having the most dictatorial Jewish Council, the most notorious Elder, Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, and an especially hated Chief of Police, Leon Rosenblatt...
		...In the center sat Rumkowski, surrounded by Rosenblatt and their entourage, looking for all the world like heads of state reviewing their troops, while we, their "troops," marched past, a most bedraggled military parade...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V67I5P65-1.htm (2225 words)

	chapt1
		This was the time when the famous ghetto troubadour Jankele in his song "Rumkowski Chaim" was lamenting that God is only sending to us "Mannah" (cream of wheat), instead of real food.
		Rumkowski, the head of the Lodz ghetto, turned out to be a double blessing for our family.
		Fuchs, who was the father of Rumkowski’s executive secretary, and whose son was the head of the employment department, bluntly refused any help.
	migs.concordia.ca /memoirs/kujawski/kujawski.html (19803 words)

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