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Language and Scripts It is not a complete list of the world's languages, but covers a large number of prominent languages. For less common languages it is often difficult to determine the precise list of characters used to write them. The "Notes" field lists some countries in which the language is used, especially for lesser-known languages, but is not intended to be exhaustive. www.unicode.org /onlinedat/languages-scripts.html   (268 words)

Mordvin language --  Encyclopædia Britannica The third largest Uralic language in number of speakers, ranking after Hungarian and Finnish, it has two major dialects: Erzya, spoken in the eastern portion of Mordvinia and the surrounding territory; and Moksha, spoken in the west. The three major dialects of Mari are the Meadow dialect, spoken in Mari El and north of the Volga River; the Mountain (Hill) dialect, spoken mostly south of the Volga, between the Volga and Sura rivers (Chuvashiya republic); and the Eastern dialect, spoken... Finnish, Estonian, and Lapp are the best-known Finnic languages. www.encyclopaedia.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9053683   (808 words)

'language' @ encyclopaediaOnline: the FREE online encyclopaedia (encyclopedia), dictionary, and grammar reference site This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing. Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the language of articulate sounds; tongue is the Anglo-Saxon term for language, esp. for spoken language; as, the English tongue. Idiom denotes the forms of construction peculiar to a particular language; dialects are varieties of expression which spring up in different parts of a country among people speaking substantially the same language. www.encyclopaediaonline.com /article.asp?topic=language   (374 words)

THE ORIGIN OF FINNISH AND RELATED LANGUAGES The Baltic-Finnic language group is one of the westernmost branches of the Finno-Ugrian language family; only the Sami territory in western and northern Norway extends further west. In the east, the domain of the language family extends to the Yenisey river and the Taimyr peninsula, and the farthest outpost to the south comprises the Hungarians, in the Carpathian basin of Central Europe. The structural features are more significant from the theoretical point of view and constitute firmer evidence of the languagesí; shared past and common ancestry than the shared vocabulary, since it is the basic structure of a language that is usually preserved best during the changes that all languages undergo during their history. www.helsinki.fi /hum/sugl/kulonen/Finf13uk.htm   (3122 words)

The Alekseev Manuscript - Chapter VII: Bronze Age in Eurasia HOLLIS equates Nuristani with Dardic 28, with Bashgali 29, and with the Kafiri languages 30 (Bashgali, Dardic, and Nuristani are languages of Afghanistan). The Tokharian language is synonymous with Yueh Cheh. The Livonians, from a small area in Latvia, speak the Livonian language, the Mansi of the Ob Valley in Siberia and the Tavda Valley in Russia speak the Mansi language, the Mari speak the Mari language, and the Mordvins speak the Mordvin language with dialects of Erzya and Moksha. www.drummingnet.com /alekseev/ChapterVII.html   (12965 words)

Production First Software Encyclopedia of Typography and Electronic Communication : L language determination The determination of a spoken language from a sample of text. Language Suite A collection of ISO 10646/Unicode blocks which are present in Production First Software multibyte Unicode fonts. The language is called algorithmic because one of the sources of words is algorithmic construction of new words from other words. ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/profirst/l.htm   (4126 words)

Abstracts The Mordvins were, and still are in a very difficult situation, for beyond the conditions in Russia (intermittently the Soviet Union), they are faced with the problems of division and strife. Efforts of literary language training after the October revolution did not point towards a common literary language, but those were strong influences towards marked differentiation, and two Mordvin literary languages were born as a result. It would be salutary, if the biblical vocabularies became the domain of Mordvin (or other Finno-Ugric) youths, for it would contribute to the language development of children, while the methods and behaviour would reinforce the transitions of the native language into a national (other than Russian) language, in the field of science, administration, and law. odur.let.rug.nl /finoegristiek/news/2001abstracts.htm   (6217 words)

MORDVINS The Mordvins have been under the rule of foreigners since the 3rd century (Ostrogoths in the 3rd century, Bolgars in the 8th century, Mongols and Tatars in 1236, Russians since 1552). In the beginning of the 1970s, 77,000 pupils took classes of the Mordvin language or studied in Mordvin in 391 different schools, by 1995 only 5925 students had the Mordvin (2560 Erzya, 3365 Moksha) language in their school curricula. The extent of the use of the Mordvin language for communication can be illustrated by the following example: in 1974 91.6% of rural Mordvins used their native language at home, 61.8% at work and 31.9% in public communication. www.suri.ee /eup/mordvins.html   (726 words)

Learn Mordvin, Mordvin Windows, Mordvin Office, Mordvin Software, Mordvin Dictionary, Mordvin Translation, Mordvin ... The Languages of the World has long been the essential handbook for al language students and linguists. Mordvin is spoken over a broad area of European Russia, lying generally in the middle Volga region and extending as far as the Ural Mountains. Mordvin belongs to the Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages, which form the main subgroup of the Uralic family. www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Mordvin.htm   (382 words)

Origin of Finnish and related languages — Virtual Finland The Baltic-Finnic language group is one of the westernmost branches of the Finno-Ugrian language family; only the Sámi territory in western and northern Norway extends further west. Preservers of their Mordvin language Natalya Vasilyevna Botskanova and her granddaughter Marina from the Erzya village of Katselai in Mordovia. The widest known distribution of the Uralic languages is indicated by the colored areas. virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/langua.html   (1769 words)

:: World Language   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Mordvin is spoken over a broad area of European Russia, lying generally in the middle Volga region and extending as far as the Ural Mountains. Mordvin belongs to the Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages, which form the main subgroup of the Uralic family. Within the Republic of Mordvinia Erzya is generally spoken in the east, while Moksha is spoken in the west. wlr2.worldmin.com /Italian/langdetail/langid/264.html   (267 words)

Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura Erzya is the language with the smallest vowel inventory in the Finno-Ugric family (cf. As a rule, Finno-Ugric languages have fixed word stress; Erzya is claimed to have free stress, and some linguists have argued that there is no prominent word stress in Erzya at all. The Mordvin languages that are spoken in the center of the Finno-Ugric language territory have been assigned a key position in several discussions concerning the historical development and typology of Finno-Ugric languages. www.sgr.fi /sust/sust245.html   (1003 words)

Janzteam Easteurope and Russia Their language is of Finnic origin and therefore linked with the other Finno-Ugric peoples of the Soviet Union, such as the Komi, as well as the people of Finland. Although Mordvins today are well-adjusted to life in the twentieth century, their history is one of ruthless brutality against their foes. Today the Mordvins are scattered from western Siberia to the plains and forests that border the upper Volga. www.janzteam.com /OSTEUROPE/en/cr5.htm   (356 words)

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hungarian Literature The language which has prevailed in Hungary for nearly a thousand years and is spoken at the present day by about 12,000,000 persons, is a pithy and very pliant language, rich in vowel-sounds and fundamentally different from the majority of literary tongues. Excluded from scientific and political life by the use of Latin until about 1840, Hungarian, during the course of the nineteenth century, came to be regarded more and more as a bond of national unity and a safeguard of political independence, and, as such, was zealously cultivated in spite of the Germanizing efforts of Austria. The oldest monument of the Hungarian language is a funeral oration, "Halotti beszéd", about 1230, and a hymn on the Virginity of Our Lady, c. www.newadvent.org /cathen/07560a.htm   (2707 words)

Aurora 3/2002: Cultural ambassadors of kindred nations Erzya, and she works as a teacher of her language at the Mordvin State University. In the Mordvin State University in Saransk it is possible to study the Finno-Ugric languages and major in either Finnish or Hungarian. The annual intake is 65 students, 25 of whom major in Erzya, 25 in Moksha, and 15 in Finno-Ugric languages. www.utu.fi /aurora/3-2002/30.html   (709 words)

Learn mordvin, mordvin Windows, mordvin Office, mordvin Software, mordvin Dictionary, mordvin Translation, mordvin ... It has now been revised and updated to reflect the latest changes in the world map and in the number of speakers of each language. This great reference book introduces the subject of language to a fresh generation of students and general readers. Copyright © Kenneth Katzner, The Languages of the World, Publii par Routledge. www.worldlanguage.com /French/Languages/Mordvin.htm   (383 words)

English in TutorGig Dictionary The language of England or of the English nation, and of their descendants in America, India, and other countries. The source code for a program, which may be in any language, as opposed to the linkable or executable binary produced from it by a compiler. The official name of the database language used by the Pick operating system, actually a sort of crufty, brain-damaged SQL with delusions of grandeur. www.tutorgig.com /d/English   (902 words)

languagehat.com: THERE ARE NO MORDVINS. It was conquered by the armies of Murom, Ryazan, and other Russian towns from the Mordvins, a Finnic people whose main city it had been. The Mordvins, in fact, were the main power between Rus and the Volga Bulgars (both of which were shortly to be overwhelmed by the Mongols), ruling the region between the Oka and the Volga, only a small part of which is left to the truncated Republic of Mordovia after many centuries of Russian encroachment. I had known that the Mordvin language included two main dialects, Erza (or Erzya; the z is palatal) and Moksha, that had little or no mutual comprehensibility, but I thought it was parallel to, say, Upper and Lower Sorbian. www.languagehat.com /archives/000376.php   (678 words)

Finnish language Member of the Finno-Ugric language family, the national language of Finland and closely related to neighbouring Estonian, Livonian, Karelian, and Ingrian languages. At the beginning of the 19th century Finnish had no official status, since Swedish was the language of education, government, and literature in Finland. The publication of the Kalevala, a national epic poem, in 1835, contributed greatly to the arousal of Finnish national and linguistic feeling. www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0005890.html   (151 words)

Mordvin language Definition / Mordvin language Research   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) dvin language is a term, mistakely used for Erzya language Erzya (Эрзянь Кель (Erzjanj Kelj)) is spoken in the northern and eastern parts of the republic of Mordovia and adjacent Nizhni Novgorod, Chuvassia, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in Russia. It is currently written using the Cyrillic alphabet with no modifications to the variant used by the Russian language. In Mordovia, it is co-official with the Erzya language and Russian.... www.elresearch.com /Mordvin_language   (146 words)

russian language   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Ossetic and Tajik (Indo-Iranian tongues); Moldovan (a Romance language); Udmurt, Saami and Mordvin (Finno-Ugric language); and Abaza, Abkhaz, Adygei, Aisor, Altai, Avar,... It is possible for tourists in a country whose language they do not understand to get along with... The language family of every language is listed in parentheses. www.russiaresources.com /russia/russian+language   (927 words)

Slavic & East European Collections at Yale University Materials in the humanities and in the Chuvash language are the greatest strengths. The library also reports that a number of German language newspapers are being published in the region for the local Volga Germans. This library was established in 1905 and became the republic library in 1991. www.library.yale.edu /slavic/library_assessment_project_ncvb.html   (3233 words)

The history and research findings of Finno-Ugric studies in Debrecen   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) It became clear to everyone that the language of these smaller linguistically related nations is not merely a database of comparative linguistics but a means of communication used by flesh and blood people. He dealt with dialectological questions, the history of the Hungarian language, and etymology in great detail and among his favourite fields of study were Hungarian and general onomastics. Béla Kálmán was an ardent advocate of language education and the propagation of academic knowledge. mnytud.arts.unideb.hu /finnugor/tsztortang.htm   (7788 words)

IU Bloomington: His current research projects include Koguyro: introduction to the comparative-historical study of the Japanese-Koguryoic family of languages; a book on the ethnolinguistic history of the Koguryo and other peoples of ancient and early medieval Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, North Korea, and Japan; classifier partitions, taxonomy, and gender; a book on classifiers in the languages of Eurasia. Her research interest includes methodology of teaching foreign languages, especially teaching Mongolian language and culture to foreigners; linguistics and psychology. Her current research insterest is in Finnish structure; word formation and word derivation processes; 19th century language development in Finland. www.indiana.edu /~ceus/faculty.shtml   (4144 words)

FinnLinks - Languages Category The Finnish language is "mostly spoken the same way as it's written, meaning that one letter always corresponds to the same sound, and all letters are clearly pronounced. The Finnish Language Village dedicated to immersion education in the Finnish culture and language for young people 7 to 18 years of age in the summer and also for adults 19 to 90 in the spring and fall. For Sami languages, it includes: South Sami, Ume Sami, Pite Sami, Lule Sami, North Sami, Kemi Sami, Inari Sami, Skolt Sami, Akkala Sami, Kildin Sami, Ter Sami under the topic headings: Variant spellings, Geographic locations (not all the above-named Samis were in Finland), Present State of the Language and Sources. www.genealogia.fi /finnlinks/show.php?cid=29   (1861 words)

Possible Language Shifts in the Uralic Language Group The language shift is testified by the Paleosiberian substratum in Samoyed languages. Leaving aside the vocabulary with its relatively changeable nature, it should be mentioned that concerning the structure of Lapp languages their phonetics differs from that of Finnic languages in the way that instead of the common proto-phonetic divergence, i.e. Perhaps even so that the Mordvins’ ancestors were first the speakers of Mansi who later transferred to the Finnic type of language form, preserving the Mansi morphosyntactic substratum in Mordvin languages. www.ut.ee /Ural/kynnap/kpls.html   (5514 words)

Izhorian: Bibliographical guide (Laanest A. Historical Phonetics and Morphology of the Izhorian language. (Foundations of the Finno-Ugrian Linguistics: Baltic-Finnish Languages, the Saami Language and the Mordvin Language. (Proceedings of Institute of Language and Literature of the Estonian Academie of Sciences. www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /Russia/bibl/Izhorian.html   (239 words)

Kommersant - New Russia's First Independent Newspaper The Studenets and Tsna rivers protected it on the north and east sides, respectively, and a water-filled ditch protected it on the south and west sides. The city was initially called Tonbov (meaning "whirlpool" in the Moksha dialect of the Mordvin language). By the early 18th century, Tambov lost its significance as a border fortress as a result of expansion of the Russian state and became the economic and administrative center of an agricultural district. www.kommersant.com /tree.asp?rubric=0&node=415&doc_id=-71   (3496 words)

Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura Jun'ichi Sakuma, Distribution of possessive suffixes in the Finnish language. Lydia Vasikova, Agglutination and problems of the case in the Mari languages. Carl O. Nordling, A new theory on the genesis of the Finnish language. www.sgr.fi /muutjulkaisut/monografiat.html   (3029 words)

Central Eurasian Studies - Faculty   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) "Worshiping Grace': The Language of Loyalty in Qing Mongolia," in Late Imperial China, vol. A book on classifiers in the languages of Eurasia (manuscript in revision stage). Reconstruction of Old Chinese and identification of the Old Chinese loanwords into the Tibeto-Burman and Japanese-Koguryoic languages. www.iub.edu /~ceus/faclnew2.htm   (2662 words)

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