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	Morganucodon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Morganucodon is a mammal-like genus which lived during the Upper Triassic in (at least) Wales, England, east Asia, and perhaps South Africa.
		Sometimes it has been classified as a member of Eucynodonts (a mammal-like reptile group), and sometimes it has been classified as a primitive mammal in the subclass of Prototheria, order Docodonta (extinct) or Tricodonta.
		That is, its incisors are not placed in the premaxillaries as in mammals, but rather in the maxillaries as in some specialized Therapsida, and its ear bones remain attached to the jaw.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Morganucodon (219 words)

	Morganucodon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Morganucodon is a genus which lived during the Upper Triassic in Wales(England) and east Asia, maybe even South Africa.
		Sometimes it was classified as a member of Eucynodonts (a mammal like reptile group), sometimes it was classified as a primitive mammal in the subclass of Prototheria, ordo Doconta(extinct) or Tricodonta.
		What makes Morganucodon special is that some of its upper jaw reminds reptiles a lot.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/m/mo/morganucodon.html (115 words)

	Biological Principles, BI-120 Study Guide Page 20 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Among the earliest of the mammals are docodonts known as morganucodonts, represented by the genus Morganucodon (which is probably the same as an earlier-named genus, Eozostrodon) from the Upper Triassic of Europe and by the genus Megazostrodon from the Upper Triassic of South Africa.
		The lower jaw of Morganucodon, a Triassic mammal.
		Morganucodon, from the Upper Triassic of Europe and Asia is on the mammalian side of the line because, although it too had the elements of both articulations, the squamosal-dentary joint was the dominant one.
	biology.semo.edu /courses/bi120/stdygd20.html (1019 words)

	Morganucodon Printout- EnchantedLearning.com
		Morganucodon (meaning "Morgan's tooth") was a small, very early mammal.
		Anatomy: Morganucodon was a tiny, rat-like quadruped that had 5-toed feet and a short tail.
		Morganucodon was probably warm-blooded, but may have laid eggs, like other primitive mammals.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/mammals/extinct/Morganucodon.shtml (190 words)

	Mammal - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		One of the earliest mammals known, a species called Morganucodon, looked like a shrew, and was only about 10 cm (about 4 in) long, while a related species, called Megazostrodon, was also about the size of a shrew.
		These early mammals were almost certainly active at night and are thought to have lived on insects or small vertebrates.
		Morganucodon and Megazostrodon, for example, belonged to a group called the triconodonts—so called because their teeth had three cusps, or conical points, roughly in a line.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761561349___14/Mammal.html (731 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 420.100 Mammailiformes: Docodonta
		To be sure, the petrosal of Morganucodon could not fairly be described as "randomly chosen." Twenty years after the comprehensive work of Kermack et al.
		However, in Morganucodon, as in reptiles, the quadrate is still held in place by the quadratojugal which buffers it against stress with ligaments and soft tissues -- which would also seem certain to damp out sound vibrations imparted to the quadrate by the post-dentary bones.
		Notes: [1] The average cranial bone of Morganucodon is perhaps 2mm in maximum dimension.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/Unit420/420.200.html (2256 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 430.100 Mammalia: Triconodonta: Triconodontidae
		Even more so than in Morganucodon, the anterior lamina of the petrosal is medially convex, leaving deep fossa for the semilunar ganglion, the root node of the trigeminal (Vth cranial) nerve.
		The internal auditory meatus is identical in form and location to its counterpart in Morganucodon, with ventral and dorsal foramina for the cochlear and vestibular branches of the auditory (VIIIth cranial) nerve, as well as a third foramen for an unknown blood vessel.
		As in Morganucodon, the petrosal has a large subarcuate fossa with a thickened rim of bone.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/430Mammalia/430.450.html (1451 words)

	Articles / Impact / The Mammal-Like Reptiles - Institute for Creation Research
		It is strange that all that can be produced to document the evolution of the mammals are some generalized forms, but not one shred of evidence can be produced to document the evolution of a single specific mammal, such as bats, whales, rodents or primates.
		With Morganucodon and Kuehneotherium, the dentary extends sufficiently posteriorly to encourage the belief that it made contact with the squamosal and the alleged point of contact on the dentary is called the condyle.
		As mentioned earlier, evolutionists believe that as the bones in the reptilian jaw, except for the dentary, gradually became relieved of their function in the jaw they were now free either to evolve out of existence or to assume some new function.
	www.icr.org /index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=184 (2958 words)

	MESOZOIC MAMMALS; Basal Mammaliaformes, Morganucodontidae, Megazostrodontidae and Hadrocodium, an internet ...
		Genera: Brachyzostrodon, Eozostrodon (?=Morganucodon), Erythrotherium, Hallautherium, Helveticodon (=Helvetiodon), Helvetiodon, Holwellconodon, Indotherium, Kotatherium sp.
		However, it's probably not the case that the last premolariform tooth of Morganucodon is homologous to its 'counterpart' in more derived lineages, and the same applies to the first molariform.
		The main cusp a of a lower molar occludes between B and A of an upper molar, as in Morganucodon (Fig.
	home.arcor.de /ktdykes/morganu.htm (12335 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The oldest completely known true fossil mammal is Morganucodon from the early Jurassic, 200 million years ago.
		Morganucodon is different from the mammal-like reptiles in having only one lower jaw bone, a secondary palate, and the unique anatomy of mammal teeth, being replaced only once in life.
		Morganucodon was very small, only about 13 centimeters long and is known from China and the United Kingdom.
	paleo.amnh.org /bjburger/fossilmammal/o3.html (196 words)

	Morganucodon: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Morganucodon is a genus (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species
		Sometimes it has been classified as a member of Eucynodonts[For more, click on this link] (a mammal-like reptile Mammal-like reptiles is a term used to describe the prehistoric animals that appear to be the reptilian ancestors of mammals....
		What makes Morganucodon special is that some of its upper jaw resembles that of reptile Any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles and extinct forms
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /m/morganucodon (502 words)

	Darren Naish: Tetrapod Zoology: The pinnae of Megazostrodon
		Furthermore, while the cochleal canal is shorter, and the promontorium is smaller, in basal mammaliaforms than is the case in mammals (Luo et al.
		Whales with trunks, the swan-necked seals, and sex determination in dinosaurs.
		Graybeal, A., Rosowski, J. J., Ketten, D. and Crompton, A. Inner-ear structure in Morganucodon, an early Jurassic mammal.
	darrennaish.blogspot.com /2006/01/pinnae-of-megazostrodon.html (924 words)

	Mesozoic Mammals (etc), quick answers to quick questions
		Going a couple of hundred million years further back, basal mammals leapt upon insects, grubs and worms with enthusiasm, (eg.
		Morganucodon), and seem to be descendants of meat-eating, non-mammalian eucynodonts.
		Precision is usually difficult with animals that died a couple of hundred million years ago, but sensible comparisons can be made with living critters.
	www.geocities.com /trevor_dykes/questions.htm (796 words)

	Gill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The material is obtained by breaking down and sorting the sediment so, although abundant, the fossils are disarticulated and consist of isolated teeth and bone fragments.
		Kuehneotherium is associated with another early mammal, Morganucodon, and both were the size of tiny shrews.
		Mesozoic mammals are scarce and often identified on the basis of isolated teeth, so a sample of this size offers a rare opportunity to study individual variation at an early stage in mammalian evolution.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /personnel/Gill/Gill.html (146 words)

	Fossil: Bones of Morganucodon, the earliest true mammal [image 1 of 2] :: Gathering the Jewels
		Fossil: Bones of Morganucodon, the earliest true mammal [image 1 of 2]
		The Triassic fissures are only exposed in certain quarries today, but occasionally they are found to contain fossilised bones and teeth of small dinosaurs, various reptiles and early mammals, along with fossil plant remains.
		Morganucodon and Kuehneotherium, two of the world’s earliest mammals, were tiny, shrew-like animals, probably no more than 3 centimetres long.
	www.gtj.org.uk /en/item1/28738 (313 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Mesozoic, also known as "the Age of the Reptiles" was a time of great diversification for the small early mammals.
		But despite the small size, mammals during this time specialized by developing and expanding cusps on their teeth.
		Morganucodon belongs to the Order Triconodont, which is named because each of these mammals have three cusps in a row on their molar teeth.
	paleo.amnh.org /bjburger/fossilmammal/me1.html (259 words)

	Digimorph - Diademodon sp. (Cynodont)
		These include an enlarged dentary with a well developed coronoid process and corresponding reduction of the postdentary elements; the participation of the surangular and squamosal in the jaw joint; and presence of occlusion between upper and lower dentition (Kemp, 1982).
		Many phylogenetic analyses place Diademodon as sister taxon to a clade that includes Probainognathus, Exaeretodon, tritylodonts, Morganucodon, and mammals (Wible, 1991; Rowe, 1993; Luo, 1994).
		An alternative placement of Diademodon is in a clade of extinct cynodonts known as Cynognathia that includes Exaeretodon and tritylodonts but excludes Morganucodon and mammals (Hopson and Kitching, 2001).
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/Diademodon_sp (639 words)

	Brainstorms: Evolving Inventions
		As in Figure 1.4.1, the quadrate (mammalian anvil or incus) is in turquoise, the articular (mammalian hammer or malleus) is in yellow, and the angular (mammalian tympanic annulus) is in pink.
		For clarity, the teeth are not shown, and the squamosal upper jawbone is omitted (it replaces the quadrate in the mammalian jaw joint, and forms part of the jaw joint in advanced cynodonts and Morganucodon).
		For example, in Morganucodon, the quadrate (anvil) and the articular (hammer) serve as mammalian-style ear bones and reptilian jaw bones simultaneously.
	www.iscid.org /boards/ubb-get_topic-f-6-t-000287-p-5.html (11242 words)

	Where did mammals come from?
		Furthermore, the bones around the mouth in baby specimens aren't very well developed, which suggests they weren't able to suckle.
		Despite all this, the animal is much more similar to Morganucodon then to anything else, and that's why it's often referred to as a mammal.
		Morganucodon suckled, replaced its teeth and reached a maximum size in properly mammalian ways.
	www.geocities.com /trevor_dykes/mammalsbasal.htm (901 words)

	Cuffey 2 - Critique of the Fossil Evidence
		How then could a powerful, fully functional reptilian jaw-joint be accommodated along with a mammalian jaw-joint?” That statement is irrelevant because fossils of Morganucodon conclus ively demonstrate that the two jaw joints did exist side-by-side (Kermack, Mussett, and Rigney, 1973, 1981; Carroll, 1988).
		Thus, the mammalian jaw musculature evolved while the lower jaw was still hinged to the skull only by a reptilian jaw joint, and was already present in Morganucodon.
		In Morganucodon, it is elongate and slightly curved (Allin and Hopson, 1992).
	www.gcssepm.org /special/cuffey_08.htm (1748 words)

	DinoData Mesozoic Mammals Genus_Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Morganucodon is known from Britain, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Switserland (LT > JM) India (LT>JE) Greenland (LT), China (JE), South Africa (JE) Arizona (JE)
		Morganucodon is the most completely known genus of the family Morganucodontidae.
		Morganucodon heikuopengensis (Young, 1978) [originally described as Eozostrodon heikuopengensis]
	www.dinodata.net /Mesomammals/Genus_species/M/Morganucodon_watsoni.htm (192 words)

	Brainstorms: Evolving Inventions
		This is actually at odds with Luo, who calls Morganucodon a "nonmammalian mammaliaform." However, the reptilian "jawbones" in Sinoconodon, Morganucodon, and Haldanodon are not anything like the mammalian middle-ear--they are part of the jaw, and not part of the ear.
		Yet the Talk Origins FAC further claims that, "in Morganucodon, the quadrate (anvil) and the articular (hammer) serve as mammalian-style ear bones and reptilian jaw bones simultaneously." I'm not sure how this can be claimed when, Morganucodon's quadrate and articular are firmily attached to the dentary, and it had only one true earbone--the reptilian stapes.
		As a matter of fact, it would seem to just take the bones into limbo-land between the jaw and the ear, and would also diminish any hearing advantages that these creatures from having their PDU able to transmit sound from the jaw to the stapes.
	www.iscid.org /boards/ubb-get_topic-f-6-t-000287-p-9.html (11404 words)

	An Upper Triassic Ramble - part 2
		Actually, she can chew food far more effectively than almost anything else that ever lived before, but there’s still plenty of scope for refinement.
		Morganucodon means ‘Morgan’s tooth’, and the first fossils will be found in Lower Jurassic Glamorgan.
		The rest of the gang Two of the other local mammals are close relatives of delicious Morganucodon.
	www.franceforfreebooters.com /parksmuseums/triassic2.htm (4606 words)

	MESOZOIC MAMMALS; KUEHNEOTHERIIDAE and Co & "AMPHIDONTIDAE"
		Not surprisingly, some are amongst the earliest representatives; contemporaries of Morganucodon and Co. However, simply because a genus is 'primitive', does not necessarily mean that it must have been early.
		Mammals such as Morganucodon had them arranged in a straightish line, which is more similar to the pattern known from carnivorous non-mammalian eucynodonts.
		Kuehneotherium was first identified from the Morganucodon mine of Glamorgan.
	home.arcor.de /ktdykes/kuehneo.htm (3229 words)

	Paleontology and Geology Glossary: Mo
		It is known from two partial skkeletons found in Montana, USA.
		(pronounced mor-GAN-ew-KO-don) Morganucodon (meaning "Morgan's tooth") was a small, very early mammal (not a dinosaur).
		It lived during the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods, about 2oo million years ago.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/indexmo.shtml (1227 words)

	Home
		Opponents counter that this criterion changes the membership of groups as long understood by paleontologists.
		(Morganucodon, for instance, was traditionally referred to as "the first mammal.") Further, they claim that itis based on arbitrary patterns of extinction - a non-evolutionary process.
		This sudden enlargement, as abrupt as the sudden appearance of a head in craniates or of jaws in gnathostomes, may have resulted from a homeobox gene duplication event.
	www.geol.umd.edu /~jmerck/honr219d/notes/l17.html (1087 words)

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