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Topic: Morisco

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Spanish dialects and varieties

Aljamiado

Limpieza de sangre

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Moorish Spain

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Dhimmi

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Rioplatense Spanish

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	Morisco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Moriscos could buy a 40-year suspension of the laws, but in 1568, Philip II of Spain issued an edict for Moriscos to give up their children to be educated by Christian priests.
		Moriscos were suspected of being in contact with the Turkish Empire and the Barbary pirates, conspiring against Spain.
		The Moriscos were finally expelled from Spain to North Africa in 1610, by Philip III, at the instigation of the Duke of Lerma.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Morisco (685 words)

	Morisco - Wikipedia, den fria encyklopedin
		Morisco (spanska: "morisk") eller mourisco på portugisiska var en term som från slutet av 1400-talet till början av 1600-talet avsåg de morer som, inte alltid frivilligt, låtit sig omvändas till kristendomen.
		Trots allt detta var många moriscos framgångsrika och levde i välstånd vilket väckte avundsjuka hos många kristna bönder.
		I historisk litteratur används ibland termen "moriscos" för muslimska minoriteter i den kristna världen även utanför Spanien, t.ex.
	sv.wikipedia.org /wiki/Morisco (462 words)

	Morisco -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Morisco (Spanish "Moor-like") or mourisco (Portuguese) is a term referring to a kind of ' (Click link for more info and facts about New Christian) New Christian' in (A parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power) Spain and Portugal.
		From the late 1400s to the early 1600s (Open land usually with peaty soil covered with heather and bracken and moss) Moors (Iberian Muslims) were forced to convert from Islam to (The beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church) Catholicism.
		The Moriscos were expelled by the decree of 1610 from Spain to (An area of northern Africa between the Sahara and the Mediterranean Sea) North Africa after being persecuted by the (The Inquisition that guarded the orthodoxy of Catholicism in Spain (especially from the 15th to the 17th centuries)) Spanish Inquisition.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/morisco.htm (645 words)

	MOORISH AND CHRISTIANS IN CASTILE
		This was the period of the establishment of the Inquisition in Granada accompanied by the hardening of the measures against Moriscos with the depositions of the Synod of Guadix in 1554.
		Moriscos logically had to follow the same food regulations as their Christian neighbours, but their butchers, bakeries, and mills were still separate.
		Moriscos were, accordingly, heretics, apostates, blasphemous, sorcerers, sodomites, dogmatists, plagiarists, traitors to his Majesty, unrefined people, miserable, inexpressive and hard headed, with an objective to multiply themselves.
	www.geocities.com /tdcastros/Historyserver/papers/Estrasbengl-short.htm (6280 words)

	Station Information - Morisco
		Morisco: Term referring to A 'New Christian'-Spain, Late 1400's- Moors (arabs) forced to convert from Islam to Catholicism.
		In historical studies of minoritisation, Morisco is also applied to other historical crypto-Muslims, in places such as Norman Sicily, 9th century Crete, and other areas along the medieval Christian-Muslim frontier.
		Moriscos can also be classified in medieval Islamic jurisprudence as mudejar, or those who submit, this being the more common term in Arabic sources.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/morisco.html (80 words)

	Background: Morisco situation in Spain
		The moriscos in the eastern provinces are exempted from the Inquisition for 40 years, but in actual fact the entire morisco population is subject to it.
		The farda (a tax) is levied on moriscos in exchange for the use of use of the Moorish language and dress.
		They moriscos were in constant league with the Barbary pirates and the Turks, and also made repeated overtures to England and France for the overthrow of Spain.
	users.ipfw.edu /jehle/COURSES/s450/MORISCO.HTM (481 words)

	Morisco
		Moriscoes were suspected of being in contact with the Turkish Empire and the Barbary pirates, conspiring against Spain.
		The Moriscoes were finally expelled from Spain to North Africa in 1610, by Philip II, at the instigation of the Duke of Lerma.
		Some communities engaged in corsary fighting from Saleh against Christian merchants or used European-made guns to cross the Sahara and conquer Timbuktu and the Niger Curve.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/m/mo/morisco.html (542 words)

	Chapter 4: Aristocrats and Traders
		The typical free Morisco was a male between the ages of twenty and forty, and the majority, male and female, were over twenty and under sixty years of age.
		The refusal of the Moriscos to marry outside their numbers was one of the sources of contention between them and the Old Christians.
		The resistance of the Moriscos to assimilation was but one part of the total problem; of equal importance was what the city fathers believed to be the security problems arising from their presence and numbers.
	libro.uca.edu /aristocrats/aristocrats4-1.htm (4438 words)

	Qalam - The Muslim Pen Club
		In the minds of many of the apologists for expulsion, the fertility of the Morisco population was associated with the myth of Islamic sensuality and licentiousness.
		But the Moriscos were considered equally susceptible to what Gordon Allport calls ‘the sins of the superego,’ such as pride, hypocrisy, cunning, avarice and grasping ambition, all features traditionally ascribed to the Jews.
		According to a document dated 17 April 1610, there were 1,832 Morisco boys and girls aged seven or under in the Kingdom of Valencia, all of whom, against the wishes of their guardians, were to be sent to Castile to serve the prelates and other notables of the realm (Ibid.
	www.freewebs.com /qalam2/muslimexpulsion2_boase.htm (2753 words)

	Encyclopedia: Morisco
		The term New Christian was used to refer to the Jews that were converted to Christianity during the Spanish Inquisition.
		North Africa is a region generally considered to include: Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara The Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Azores and Madeira are sometimes considered to be a part of North Africa, though they do not share a common culture with North Africa.
		Aben Humeya (1520-1568) the last king of Granada, he was chosen as king by the Moriscos who had revolted against King Philip II of Spain.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Morisco (1673 words)

	Questions 1 and 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Moriscos were banned from using the Arabic language, even to name their children.
		However, in a desperate rebellion the Moriscos rose in the Alpujarra Mountains between Granada and the Mediterranean SEa.
		The Spaniards forced the Moriscos to leave the Granada region and live elsewhere in Spain.
	web.cocc.edu /hst104po/_disc4/00000050.htm (243 words)

	WHKMLA : The Morisco Rebellion, 1568-1571
		Thus, the Morisco reforms were decided upon to tackle the issue head on; published in Jan. 1567, the reforms reiterated the ban on traditional Arab-style clothing and added a ban on the Arab language.
		While Spain maintained control of the Morisco provinces and increased pressure was exerted on this minority, Spain, despite her success in the Battle of Lepanto hardly could regard herself the winner in the contest with the Ottoman Empire.
		Cyprus was permanently lost (to the Republic of Venice); in 1574, Tunis and Goletta (Spanish outposts) were permitted to fall into the hands of the enemy.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/moriscos.html (369 words)

	Moriscos on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Persecuted by the Spanish Inquisition and subjected to restrictive legislation (1526, 1527), the Moriscos rose in a bloody rebellion (1568-71), which Philip II put down with the help of John of Austria.
		The Moriscos prospered in spite of persecutions and furthered Spanish agriculture, trade, and industries.
		Arab culture and Morisco heritage in an Aljamiado legend: "Al-hadit del bano de Zaryeb"
	encyclopedia.com /html/M/Moriscos.asp (413 words)

	EL ASBIYYAH
		What was unique about the Morisco and Mudéjar, was the fact that he was trilingual, he spoke Arabic, Hebrew, and as well Aljamiyah, a version of Spanish.
		In the years that led afterwards, there was one last ditch major rebellion that was made by the Moriscos and Mudéjares, who had beseeched their brethren in Northern Africa to come to their aid.
		Though in time, the Morisco and Mudéjar, served as mainly as a connotation to what was once a great empire, and forgotten for the pages of the history books, the Morisco, Mudéjar, is slowly reverting not coverting back to Islam in numbers.
	www.angelfire.com /darkside/franco/Morisco.html (1371 words)

	Alhadith: Resources for the Study of Morisco Texts and Culture
		Forced to convert to Christianity during the first quarter of the sixteenth century, the Moriscos were a large crypto-Muslim minority that shaped Spain's history in many ways.
		The Moriscos and their literature have been studied from a range of perspectives, and by scholars working in at least six languages.
		From the early work of Pascual de Gayangos to recent studies that attempt to contextualize the Moriscos' written culture, Alhadith's bibliography attempts to be comprehensive.
	www.colorado.edu /spanish/barletta/alhadith (144 words)

	MORRIS-DANCE - LoveToKnow Article on MORRIS-DANCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Morisco, Moorish), an old English dance, which is said by various authorities to have been introduced by John of Gaunt from Spain or borrowed from the French or Flemings.
		That it was a development of the morisco-dance or Spanish fandango is not invalidated by the fact that the morisco was for one person only, for, although latterly the morris-dance was represented by various characters, uniformity in this respect was not always observed.
		There are few references to it earlier than the reign of Henry VII., but it would appear that in the reign of Henry VIII.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MO/MORRIS_DANCE.htm (407 words)

	[No title]
		Jerid Morisco is currently “all but dissertation” for the Doctor of Musical Arts in Music Education, with a cognate in Choral Conducting and Literature.
		Morisco is a passionate educator who strongly believes in empowering our children and youth.
		Morisco currently teaches at Marietta High School where he is Chair of the Department of the Arts and Assistant Band Director.
	www.mariettabands.org /Staff.html (745 words)

	MORISCOS Y CRISTIANOS EN CASTILLA
		Los moriscos granadinos, en los últimos años del siglo XVI por fin se ven a sí mismos como una «casta», como un grupo concreto y diferente.
		Dado que no poseemos recetarios moriscos, sólo podemos saber cuáles son estas particularidades recurriendo a relatos sobre los platos consumidos por la comunidad que se encuentran en las distintas fuentes.
		Pues si los moriscos son -como se dice- comedores de cazuelas, entonces los yacimientos musulmanes de la época deberían contener un alto número de estas piezas cerámicas.
	www.geocities.com /tdcastros/Historyserver/papers/Estrasbesp.htm (6993 words)

	Morisco language and alphabet (alfabeto aljamiado)
		The Moriscos (Spanish for "Moor-like") were Muslims in Spain and Portugal how were forced to convert to Christianity at the beginning of the 16th century.
		At the beginning of the 17th century the Moriscos were expelled from Spain to Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco.
		The Moriscos produced books known as aljamiados, which written in Spanish using the Arabic alphabet and were used to instruct fellow Moriscos in Islam.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/aljamiado.htm (155 words)

	Alhadith: Resources for the Study of Morisco Texts and Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This massive internal population shift had less of an impact on Morisco communities in Aragon, though it is safe to say that the pragmatics of 1566 themselves, as well as the unsuccessful rebellion in the Alpujarras, made things difficult for Moriscos everywhere in the Iberian Peninsula.
		But, as Francisco Márquez Villanueva has argued, the Morisco expulsion was but part of a series of policies that allowed a powerful minority to chart a future for Spain that would transform it into the nation they desired it to be: homogeneous, resolutely Catholic, and secure from unwanted outside influences (1991).
		An important and effective means by which the Moriscos were able to maintain their religion and culture was the production and use of traditional narratives handwritten and actively recopied despite their illegality after 1566.
	www.colorado.edu /spanish/barletta/alhadith/about.htm (1565 words)

	Home - Morisco Funeral Home, Inc.
		Since 1906, generations of the Morisco family have been serving the local community.
		Then as now, Morisco Funeral Home is ready to serve the community’s needs with state-of-the-art and tastefully furnished facilities.
		Morisco Funeral Home has a wide variety of tasteful arrangements to meet all needs and budgets.
	www.moriscofuneralhome.com (158 words)

	EL ASBIYYAH
		For nearly 383 yrs, the Mudéjar and Morisco, are struggling to reclaim their national identity as a Mudéjar or Morisco not only in Spain in general, but in the Americas and as well in Northern Africa.
		Though the Mudéjares and Moriscos in Spain constitute as a small minority, and is by no means at the same level as the other minorities in Spain, history and it's contribution to Spain merit the Mudéjar and Morisco utmost respect and above all, equality!
		It was Spanish nationalism that sequestered the rights of the Catalans, the Basques, the Andalusians, and some Galicians in their struggle for equal rights, under the brutal regime of General Franco during Spain's most dreaded time ever which culminated in it's bloody Civil War in the 1930's.
	www.angelfire.com /darkside/franco/rights.html (610 words)

	Guerra de los moriscos y Aben Humeya
		Estas condiciones se quebrantaron desde el primer momento, obligando a los moriscos, en pocos años y por la fuerza, a convertirse al cristianismo.
		Muchos moriscos convertidos se seguían sintiendo musulmanes y practicaban a escondidas su religión.
		Por otro lado, los cristianos y militares (2 ó 3 familias en cada pueblo) sometían a la gran mayoría de población morisca a continuas vejaciones, dando lugar a que muchos moriscos se refugien en la sierra y se dediquen al pillaje y a la venganza ("los monfíes").
	www.aldearural.com /alpujarra/historia/aben%20humeya.htm (453 words)

	España, sus moriscos y nosotros
		En Aragón, los moriscos resisten exitosamente y obtienen el abandono de la conversión forzosa, mediante un tributo; igualmente en Valencia en 1510, una parte de la nobleza los apoya.
		En breve, los moriscos recalcitrantes constituyen, por definición, en un tal contexto, una quinta columna.
		Pero sería una nueva trampa si se reviviera un odio morisco retrospectivo, para debilitar aún más a los europeos generosos, partidarios o no de una reglamentación de la vestimenta, partidarios o no del divorcio moderno y monetarizado como único método para abolir la miseria conyugal.
	www.rebelion.org /opinion/040204poumier.htm (1922 words)

	The Sea-Hawk -- Chapter 17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The news of which the fellow was the bearer was of such urgency that for twenty hours without intermission the slaves had toiled at the oars of Biskaine's vessel--the capitana of his fleet--to bring her swiftly home.
		It was judged that she would be ready to put to sea in a week, and the Morisco had set out at once to bring word of it to his Algerine brethren that they might intercept and capture her.
		Asad thanked the young Morisco for his news, bade him be housed and cared for, and promised him a handsome share of the plunder should the treasure-galley be captured.
	www.litrix.com /seahawk/seaha017.htm (3139 words)

	Perry, M.E.: The Handless Maiden: Moriscos and the Politics of Religion in Early Modern Spain.
		Perry, M.E.: The Handless Maiden: Moriscos and the Politics of Religion in Early Modern Spain.
		She is Research Associate at the Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Adjunct Professor of History at Occidental College.
		Focusing on a series of watershed events for Morisco life in southwestern Spain, the author addresses topics of great importance to historians of early modern Spain and Europe while also offering valuable insights to readers more interested in the modern era.
	pup.princeton.edu /titles/7957.html (519 words)

	Like Wheat to the Miller; Community, Convivencia, and the Construction of Morisco Identity in Sixteenth-Century Aragon; ...
		Mary Halavais's Like Wheat to the Miller: Community, Convivencia, and the Construction of Morisco Identity in Sixteenth-Century Aragon reopens the question of the reality of convivencia in Aragon during the 16th century in a tightly-woven examination of two villages, Báguena and Burbaguena, in the Jiloca valley.
		On the basis of notarial records, parish registers, and ecclesiastical archives, Halavais argues that in these villages local laity and religion made little distinction between old Christians and new (Moriscos): These distinctions were imposed from the outside by ecclesiastical authorities and royal agents.
		Employing literature on 16th-century Spain along with archival materials, this book provocatively posits that the marginalization of Moriscos was imposed on localities by central authorities and not out of antagonism in the local communities themselves.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/cup/catalog/data/023112/0231124589.HTM (270 words)

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