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Topic: Morphological typology

Related Topics

Linguistic typology

Agglutinative language

Morphosyntactic alignment

Synthetic language

Analytic language

Tripartite language

Fusional language

Polysynthetic language

Morphological root

ISO 639

Theta role

Time Manner Place

Inflection

Word order

Morphosyntax

	General Morphological Analysis
		Morphological analysis - extended by the technique of cross consistency assessment (CCA) - is a method for rigorously structuring and investigating the internal properties of inherently non-quantifiable problem complexes, which contain any number of disparate parameters.
		I have proposed to generalize and systematize the concept of morphological research and include not only the study of the shapes of geometrical, geological, biological, and generally material structures, but also to study the more abstract structural interrelations among phenomena, concepts, and ideas, whatever their character might be." (Zwicky, 1966, p.
		Morphological analysis, including the process of "cross-consistency assessment", is based on the fundamental scientific method of alternating between analysis and synthesis.
	www.swemorph.com /ma.html (3769 words)

	Typology (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Typology is the classification of things according to their characteristics, and has seen widespread application in Archaeology.
		Typology may also be used to denote the results of a classification exercise, for example, a classification of pottery vessel forms such as the Dragendorff Typology of Roman Samian ware.
		Typology is a theological doctrine or theory of types and their antitypes found in scripture.
	typology.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (209 words)

	Morphological typology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Morphological typology is a way of classifying the languages of the world (see linguistic typology) that groups languages according to their common morphological structures.
		Grammatical relations between words are expressed by separate words where they might otherwise be expressed by affixes, which are present to a minimal degree in such languages.
		There is little to no morphological change in words: they tend to be uninflected.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Morphological_typology (851 words)

	Morphology (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the exposition above, morphological rules are described as analogies between word-forms: dog is to dogs as cat is to cats, and as dish is to dishes.
		Lexical morphology is the branch of morphology that deals with the lexicon, which, morphologically conceived, is the collection of lexemes in a language.
		According to this typology, some languages are isolating, and have little to no morphology; others are agglutinative, and their words tend to have lots of easily-separable morphemes; while others yet are fusional, because their inflectional morphemes are said to be "fused" together.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Morphology_(linguistics) (2782 words)

	Syntactic Typology: Studies in the Phenomenology of Language. Ergativity
		In type (c), S and P have the same morphological marker (absolute), while a different marker is used for A (ergative); this is the ergative-absolute system, often referred to simply as the ergative system.
		The absolute and nominative are morphologically identical (in Samoan, with no preposition, contrasting with ergative e), as is expected from the diachronic development; both develop from subjects at an earlier stage of the language, the absolute from the subject of a passive construction, the nominative from the subject of an active construction.
		Since genitive noun phrases are typically more complex morphologically than absolute noun phrases, nominative-accusative systems that arise in the way just discussed would be expected to have a nominative (etymologically, genitive) more complex morphologically than the accusative (etymologically, absolute), unlike the general pattern in nominative-accusative languages where the nominative is less complex.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/books/type07.html (7452 words)

	RCEAL: Typology and language contrasts
		Processing typology examines these patterns, compares them with the patterns and preferences found in performance in languages with several structures of a given type (alternative word orders, relative clauses, etc), and tests the hypothesis that the same principles underlie both sets of patterns.
		The basic hypothesis is called the Performance-Grammar Correspondence Hypothesis: Grammars have conventionalized syntactic structures in proportion to their degree of preference in performance, as evidenced by patterns of selection in corpora and by ease of processing in psycholinguistic experiments.
		Blevins has conducted research on morphological typology, in addition to his work on word-based models of morphology.
	www.rceal.cam.ac.uk /Research/Typology (284 words)

	More on Linguistic Typology
		Typology is the classification of languages by their features.
		Research in typology, the ways in which languages vary, often overlaps with research in linguistic universals, the ways in which they don't vary.
		In this case, typology is based on the non-analytic tenses (i.e.
	www.artilifes.com /linguistic-typology.htm (748 words)

	Stālāg (Terbian) \| Overview
		Except for the frequency of use of some borrowed terms, the two main population subgroups (around the Lake in the homeland, and south in the settlements) speak a single dialect with only minor differences, which are mainly phonetical and do not erode mutual intelligibility.
		In the traditional scale between morphological isolation and polysynthesis, Terbian is placed somewhere around the middle, but nearer the synthetic end of the spectrum.
		The most complex part of its morphological description is verb inflection, which uses agglutinative subject and object marks, as well as TAM affixes.
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/nyh/terb/lng/overview.html (686 words)

	Morphological typology biography .ms (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Morphological typology was developed by brothers Friedrich and August von Schlegel.
		In these languages, there is some morphological complexity, but the morphemes (structural elements) are always clearly detachable; that is, the root words are modified, but the elements can clearly be taken apart from the original word(s).
		Synthetic languages are the most morphologically complex of the three types.
	www.biography.ms.cob-web.org:8888 /Morphological_typology.html (313 words)

	[No title]
		Moravcsik, E.A. 'Typology in linguistics.' Acta Linguistica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 29, 315-337.
		Plank, F. 'Typology by the end of the 18th century.' In: History of the language sciences: An international handbook on the evolution of the study of language, ed.
		Diessel, H. 'The morphosyntax of demonstratives in synchrony and diachrony.' Linguistic Typology 3.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /fss/organisations/alt/sylplank.htm (7034 words)

	Baris Kabak's personal homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Psycholinguistics: phonological and morphological representations, extraction of morpho-phonological regularities and sub-regularities, the role of language-specific phonological constraints on speech perception,
		Kabak, B. An obstacle to the morphologization of postpositions.
		Kabak, B. and A. Revithiadou (in prep) The typology and evolution of pre-/post-accentuation.
	ling.uni-konstanz.de /pages/home/kabak (355 words)

	Signed Lectures
		There is still a long road towards a morphological typology and indeed a clear definition of what constitutes a morpheme in sign languages.
		Thus morphological marking has three levels of phonological representation that are discussed with respect to some representative morphological phenomena in RSL.
		The results of this investigation show that RSL belongs to a particular mixed morphological type with featural inflection and (sometimes simultaneous) agglutination, a type which is unusual in spoken languages.
	www.mpi.nl /world/SignLang/WEB-FINAL/Signlect.htm (1652 words)

	Linguistics 328 - Reed College
		Morphological – e.g., the ratio of bound morphemes to free morphemes in a language, the segmentability of words into morphemes, the word-formation strategies which a language makes use of (affixation, compounding, reduplication, stem change, etc.).
		It is these lexical, morphological, and syntactic differences which we will focus on in this course.
		The study of typologies and their implications for theories of grammar is called Linguistic Typology.
	library.reed.edu /instruction/syllabi/ling328_f04.html (1837 words)

	Greg Thomson
		This finding may reflect the difficulty that the language acquisition mechanisms have in establishing and maintaining form-function associations when the relationships of form to function are many-to-many in nature, as they are in Russian.
		Differences between languages of the inflectional morphological type, such as Russian, and languages of the agglutinative type, such as Turkish, have been observed in L1 acquisition and aphasia (Slobin, 1985, 1989).
		These findings provide evidence that, even in the presence of relatively complex allomorphy, agglutinative grammatical morphology (where form-function relationships are more nearly one-to-one) has an advantage in acquisition and processing over inflectional-type grammatical morphology.
	www.uic.edu /depts/sfip/formmeaning/abstracts/thomson.html (239 words)

	Notes on a Research Statement for Child First Language Acquisition...
		Whenever the typology of a language forces -Interp features to be checked in the overt syntax, this forces the features to project in the morphology of the language.
		It is in this general sense that language morphological typology is said to drive (top-down) the nature of early child syntactic projection (in contrast to, say, a biologically determined maturational process).
		For example, one factor that arises out of morphological typology is the classification of a matrix parameter that holds between [+/-INFL(ectional)] to [+/-Bare Stem].
	www.csun.edu /~galasso/statement.htm (8682 words)

	Amazon.com: Language Universals and Linguistic Typology: Syntax and Morphology: Books: Bernard Comrie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Typology and Universals (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics) by William Croft
		Since its first publication, Language Universals and Linguistic Typology has become established as the leading introductory account of one of the most productive areas of linguistics—the analysis, comparison, and classification of the common features and forms of the organization of languages.
		This second edition has been revised and updated to take full account of new research in universals and typology in the past decade, and more generally to consider how the approach advocated here relates to recent advances in generative grammatical theory.
	www.amazon.com /Language-Universals-Linguistic-Typology-Morphology/dp/0226114333 (1184 words)

	John Fischer
		A language's grammar should specify the ways in which valid sentences can be formed; in the case of English, this set of rules can be formalized fairly well (parts of speech, phrases and clauses, and so on).
		However, the grammar also imposes morphological constraints: it determines how words themselves are formed by combining various roots and affixes (collectively called morphemes).
		At the great risk of oversimplifying (or adopting one interpretation in favor of others that may be no less valid), many grammars tend to lie somewhere on a continuum between two extremes.
	www.ews.uiuc.edu /~jrfische/typology.html (548 words)

	Change as Universals
		In the current chapter I outline a position (not uniquely my own) on the role of diachrony in universals, whose logical consequence is that the true universals of language are not synchronic patterns at all, but the mechanisms of change that create these patterns.
		This position is an extension of the theory of diachronic typology formulated and practiced by Joseph H. Greenberg, to whom this paper is dedicated.
		In several papers, Greenberg proposed a method for the study of typology and universals which he called dynamic comparison or diachronic typology.
	www.unm.edu /~jbybee/mechs_univ.htm (5548 words)

	CLIR
		This typology was later supplemented by the fourth language type, polysynthetic languages, specifically to explain the morphology of some native American languages.
		The four morphological types are ideal types rather than practical categories.
		Now the product words of morphological processes differ from the cases where the components were put together as such.
	www.info.uta.fi /kurssit/clir/sisalto/sivu50.html (491 words)

	courses required
		root or affix, or inflectional or derivational), and morphological typology (e.g.
		The aim of this course is to introduce the students to the relation between language and writing and to situate this in the context of the need of a developing technological and literate society.
		This is an introduction to the history, theory and practice of the generative transformation model with emphasis on the explanation of the basic assumptions and concepts postulated in the model (e.g.
	www.uiowa.edu /intlinet/unijos/departments/linguistics/coursereqcontent4.4.htm (2047 words)

	Teaching
		the history of the English language, linguistic typology, and cognitive science, as well as an introductory course in general linguistics and a seminar in stylistics.
		Obviously, a typical linguistic utterance must be simultaneously describable and analyzable in phonological, morphological, and syntactic terms, but it is often found that theoretical accounts of morphological structure that make sense from a phonological point of view make no sense at all from the point of view of syntax and vice versa.
		Designed to make students aware of the variety of morphological phenomena in the languages of the world and the (often necessarily mutually inconsistent) theoretical perspectives developed by various linguists attempting to make sense of them, this course consists of ten 2-hour lectures presenting an overview of various classes of problems and approaches.
	www.prairienet.org /~fcosws/teach.html (6109 words)

	How Do Search Engines Handle Chinese Queries?
		Pirkola (2001) proposed a morphological classification of languages from an IR perspective, and focused on showing the differences among the morphologies of languages and their effect on IR in general and on cross-language IR (CLIR) in particular.
		Bar-Ilan and Gutman concluded that morphological variations among languages must be considered by the developers of search engines, and users should be made aware of what they miss when they use the general search engine to find information in languages other than English.
		Pirkola, A. Morphological typology of languages for IR.
	www.webology.ir /2005/v2n3/a17.html (2742 words)

	LESSON 5-3
		However, I will expect you to remember that a morphological typology exists and that home languages you’ll encounter in your ESL classrooms may be of a different type than English (which is, of course, a moderately synthetic “inflectional” language).
		In general, a language will be primarily of one type while including some features from others.
		While solving a morphological problem, our aim is to come up with a list of the morphemes (not words; remember a word may contain more than one morpheme!).
	www.hamline.edu /personal/ferku/linguisticsfall2002/5typologies.htm (785 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-03172006-111654
		Shapes of actual floorplates are described according to the proposed measures leading to a typology of office buildings.
		The relationship between floorplate shape and layout is mediated by the generative principle applied to the generation of layout.
		There exists an underlying congruence between a morphological typology of layouts (which distinguishes between fishbone and grid as alternative principles for increasing integration) and a morphological typology of shapes (which distinguishes between more compact and convexly unified shapes and shapes with wings).
	etd.gatech.edu /theses/available/etd-03172006-111654 (375 words)

	Exploring Language Structure - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Written in an engaging style and complete with a comprehensive glossary, Exploring Language Structure explains linguistic concepts by using clear analogies from everyday life.
		It introduces a range of essential topics in syntax and morphology, such as rules, categories, word classes, grammatical relations, multi-clause constructions and typology.
		Providing a solid foundation in morphology and syntax, this is the perfect introductory text for beginning students, and will fully prepare them for more advanced courses in linguistic analysis.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0511138334&ss=toc (201 words)

	Reports Submitted to FAMSI - Frauke Sachse
		The project pursued the aim of documenting contemporary Xinka language knowledge and analysing it subsequently with regard to the language’s lexical and morphological typology.
		Xinka morphology and it’s linguistic typology have not been subject to intensive research.
		Research was, therefore, focussed on the compilation of lexical data and the morphological structure of Xinka, hoping for new insights on the languages’ affiliation and on the impact other languages have had on Xinka (e.g.
	www.famsi.org /reports/99009/index.html (493 words)

	Articles
		On lexical and morphological conditioning of rules: a nonce-probe experiment with Spanish verbs.
		Hooper, Joan B. Rule morphologization in natural generative phonology.
		Bybee, Joan L. Lexical, morphological and syntactic symbolization.
	www.unm.edu /~jbybee/recent.htm (970 words)

	Morphology Meeting
		The absence of finite/nonfinite distinction as a morphological problem.
		Morphological splits - iconicity, optimality and (inverse) doughnuts.
		Morphological typology revisited - or: is Japanese really an agglutinative language?
	www.univie.ac.at /linguistics/conferences/morphologie/poster.html (662 words)

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