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Topic: Morphology

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	Morphology (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Morphology is a subdiscipline of linguistics that studies word structure.
		The part of morphology that covers the relationship between syntax and morphology is called morphosyntax, and it concerns itself with inflection and paradigms, but not with word-formation or compounding.
		Lexical morphology is the branch of morphology that deals with the lexicon, which, morphologically conceived, is the collection of lexemes in a language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Morphology_(linguistics) (2124 words)

	Morphology
		Today 'morphology' is not primarily or only a biological metaphor, but relevant for several other natural and social sciences and even in music and the arts; morphology is also used in linguistics and evolutionary philosophy.
		The idea of morphology should not frighten or deter impressionable minds in the 21st century from more deeply understanding their views of origin(s) and meaning(s) through change(s), and the place a theory of Evolution should have in them.
		Uniform and non-uniform motion, constancy and indeterminacy; to 'grasp the morphology' (Fanon), i.e.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Morphology (732 words)

	Distributed Morphology
		Distributed Morphology (DM) is a theory of the architecture of grammar first proposed in the early 1990s at MIT by Morris Halle, Alec Marantz and their students and colleagues including Eulalia Bonet, Rolf Noyer, Jim Harris, Heidi Harley, Andrea Calabrese, David Embick and others.
		DM is piece-based in the sense that the elements of both syntax and of morphology are understood as discrete instead of as (the results of) morphophonological processes.
		Separationism characterizes theories of morphology in which the mechanisms for producing the form of syntactico-semantically complex expressions are separated from, and not necessarily in a simple correspondence with, the mechanisms which produce the form ('spelling') of the correponding phonological expressions.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /~rnoyer/dm (5136 words)

	MORPHOLOGY - LoveToKnow Article on MORPHOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In Caruss System of Animal Morphology (1853) another theory was propounded, but the problem then seems to have fallen into abeyance until 1865, when it formed the subject of a prolonged and fruitful discussion in the Principles of Biology.
		Here pure morphology is distinguished into two sub-sciencesthe first purely structural, tectology, which regards the organism as composed of organic individuals of different orders; the second essentially stereometric, promorphology.
		To indicate all the steps by which the idea of morphological resemblance has been distinguished from that of physiological wotild be to examine the whole history of morphology; it must suffice to discuss the terminology of the subject which has, as ever, served not only as an index but as an engine of progress.
	10.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MO/MORPHOLOGY.htm (7505 words)

	Sperm Morphology
		My husband went for a semen analysis and the result showed that the morphology was 90 percent abnormal.
		Morphology refers to the shape and structure of the sperm.
		(A closer evaluation called a strict morphology, or Kruger morphology, is more time-consuming and usually predicts normal sperm function when more than 15 percent are normal.) That means that a semen sample can include up to 40 percent abnormal sperm and still be considered fine.
	health.ivillage.com /infertility/infertmen/0,,677s,00.html?... (401 words)

	Computational Morphology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Computational morphology deals with the processing of words and word forms, in both their graphemic, i.e., written form, and their phonemic, i.e., spoken form.
		While inflectional and derivational morphology are mediated by the attachment of a bound morph to a base form, compounding is the joining of two or more base forms to form a new word.
		The lexicon in two-level morphology is used for two purposes: one is to describe which combinations of morphs are legal words of the language, the other one is to act as a filter whenever a surface word form shall be mapped to a lexical form.
	www.ai.univie.ac.at /~harald/handbook.html (7616 words)

	morphology -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Morphology deals with the structure and form of plants and includes such subdivisions as: cytology, the study of the cell; histology, the study of tissues; anatomy, the study of the organization of tissues into the organs of the plant; reproductive morphology, the study of life cycles; and experimental morphology, or morphogenesis, the study of development.
		The morphology of verbal focus has attracted the most attention in Austronesian studies, but other areas of morphology are also of interest.
		It is also concerned with the causes of change in the Earth's morphology; that is, in the shape of its landforms.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9110577 (774 words)

	American Zoologist: Comparative morphology of tube feet among the asteroidea: Phylogenetic implications
		The external morphology of tube feet in species belonging to the order Velatida could not be distinguished from "typical" flat-- tipped, suckered tube feet; nonetheless, histological sections revealed a distinctive internal morphology.
		These studies suggested that tube-foot morphologies might be more diverse than previously thought, which emphasizes the need for the examination of tube-foot morphology on a broad scale, with possible phylogenetic implications.
		In the present study we examine the adult tube-foot morphology of 45 species of asteroids representing 19 families and 7 orders (Clark and Downey, 1992) to determine whether the flat-tipped, suckered versus pointed, non-suckered tube-foot model can be used to accurately generalize asteroid tube-foot morphology.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_200006/ai_n8898973 (1247 words)

	Learning Image Morphology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mathematical Morphology for image processing consists of applying basic set operations to an image.
		Mathematical Morphology is based upon Minkowski operators and DeMorgan's (complement modulo 2) laws.
		The modification for Minkowski subtraction is is similar to that for Minkowski Addition except that the lesser of the two compared values is written to the output image.
	cobb.ee.psu.edu /users/greg/morphology.html (371 words)

	Anatomy (from morphology) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The best known aspect of morphology, usually called anatomy, is the study of gross structure, or form, of organs and organisms.
		Although it is still useful to recognize many disciplines in animal biology—e.g., anatomy or morphology; biochemistry and molecular biology; cell biology; developmental studies (embryology); ecology; ethology; evolution; genetics; physiology; and systematics—the research frontiers occur as often at the interfaces of two or more of these areas as within any given one.
		Because of the great importance of fishes as human food, economic ichthyology is a significant segment of the field.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-48675?tocId=48675 (826 words)

	Morphology (linguistics) Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For expository purposes, this article will describe the phenomena in terms of fairly traditional one: treating words as combinations of discrete meaningful units (morphemes) put together by concatenation.
		A contemporary morphologist would call this a "morpheme-based" theory; alternatives are lexeme-based morphology and word-based morphology.
		Peter H. Matthews' Morphology is a classic late 20th century introductory textbook.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/morphology__linguistics_.html (876 words)

	Semen Analysis & Sperm Morphology
		Poor morphology is one of the least predictable numbers in the semen analysis.
		Morphology basically describes the percentage of sperm that look normal.
		Common causes of abnormal morphology include varicocele, drugs, heat, infrequent ejaculation, infection and smoking.
	health.ivillage.com /infertility/infertmen/0,,hd,00.html (322 words)

	Good Practice Guide \| Subject Centre for Languages, Linguistics and Area Studies
		Morphology is the branch of grammar that investigates the internal structure of words.
		The principal branches of morphology are inflection and derivation.
		In languages with incorporating morphology, such as Eskimo, words are immensely complex and the boundary between word-structure and sentence structure is blurred.
	www.lang.ltsn.ac.uk /resources/goodpractice.aspx?resourceid=319 (514 words)

	Frog Morphology & Physiology
		These images are designed to help you review the frog morphology you studied in the laboratory.
		Mechanical and electrical properties of the frog heart—produced for a Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior class at University of California —Davis, this video shows a dissection to expose the heart and a good heartbeat sequence in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.
		Please evaluate the frog morphology and physiology tutorials!
	biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu /Biog101_104/tutorials/frog.html (150 words)

	Finite State Morphology
		When morphemes are combined together into new words, they often display alternations in their pronunciation or spelling, as when swim+ing becomes swimming, take+ing becomes taking and die+ing becomes dying.
		Finite-state morphology assumes that both the word-formation rules (morphotactics) and the morpho-phonological alternation rules can be modeled as finite-state machines.
		The lexc and xfst applications are widely tested, having been used commercially by Xerox and its partners, and in research by over 80 licensees.
	cslipublications.stanford.edu /site/1575864347.html (219 words)

	SIL Bibliography: Morphology
		Watters, John R. A phonology and morphology of Ejagham, with notes on dialect variation.
		Morphologie du nominal et du verbal en nawdm (langue gur du Togo).
		Tuggy, David H. The transitivity-related morphology of Tetelcingo Nahuatl: An exploration in space grammar.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_subject.asp?code=MOR (1442 words)

	Morphology
		This is the written version of a talk on morphology given as a guest lecture in Ling 615, The Nature of Language, Fall Semester 1994.
		The focus was on the foundations of linguistics -- morphology in this case.
		This thesis develops a theory of the mapping from the output of syntactic rules to the input to phonology within a component of Morphology.
	angli02.kgw.tu-berlin.de /call/webofdic/morph.html (1509 words)

	Morphology
		The morphology code records the type of cell that has become neoplastic and its biologic activity; in other words, it records the kind of tumor that has developed and how it behaves.
		In ICD-O morphology codes, a common root codes the cell type of a given tumor, while an additional digit codes the behavior.
		Each specimen would be coded with the appropriate topography and morphology but in (b) the behavior would be /6 (metastatic), indicating that the associated topography code is not the site of origin.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_coding_primary/unit04_guidelines08_morphology.html (776 words)

	n m c : gallery: in the spotlight: The Digital Morphology Library
		The Digital Morphology library at the University of Texas at Austin (http://digimorph.org/) is a dynamic archive of information on digital morphology and high-resolution X-ray computed tomography of biological specimens.
		Digital Morphology, part of the National Science Foundation Digital Libraries Initiative, develops and serves unique 2D and 3D visualizations of the internal and external structure of living and extinct vertebrates, and a growing number of invertebrates.
		The project is an outgrowth of The University of Texas Digital Morphology Group, an informal association of students, researchers and educators from many different universities that collaborate to develop useful new digital tools, and to exploit digital technologies.
	www.nmc.org /gallery/spotlight/2002/spotlight_03_25.shtml (328 words)

	SICB Careers - Vertebrate Morphology
		Biologists in vertebrate morphology focus on the biology of form and structure; their perspectives include evolutionary, functional and developmental aspects.
		Put another way, there is a theme of understanding the biodiversity of form from various points of view.
		Studies in vertebrate morphology also span from molecular to community levels of organization.
	www.sicb.org /careers/vertebrate.php3 (283 words)

	Distributed Morphology Bibliography
		Alexiadou, A. 'An ergative pattern in the syntax of nominative-accusative languages.' Paper presented at the 29th meeting of the North Eastern Linguistics Society, University of Delaware.
		Distributed morphology and sentential complementation in the Salentino dialect of Italian.
		On Fission and Impoverishment in the verbal morphology of the dialect of Livinallongo.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /~rnoyer/dm/bib.html (1028 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Undestanding Morphology (Understanding Language) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Understanding Morphology offers students an introduction to the study of work structure that starts at the very beginning.
		Assuming no knowledge of the field of morphology on the part of the reader, the book presents a broad range of morphological phenomena from a wide variety of languages.
		Starting with the core areas of inflection and derivation, the book presents the interfaces between morphology and syntax and between morphology and syntax and morphology and phonology.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0340760265?v=glance (728 words)

	LNGN 310: Morphology
		The missing quiz is assigned a grade of F and counts toward the quiz average.
		The assignment, the quiz average, and the morphology project count toward the final course grade. Failure to fulfill any of the course requirements will result in a final grade of “F”.
		Class participation (in-class discussion, performance and activities) is included in the evaluation of the student’s course work.
	www.chss.montclair.edu /linguistics/lingpage/faculty/wei/f00/lw310_f00.htm (347 words)

	morphology
		Field morphology is the study of soil morphological features in the field by thorough observation, description and interpretation.
		A keen eye that can discern specific features and their relationship to adjoining features coupled with well-calibrated fingers that can distinguish among relative differences in physical properties of soil material are essential and can only be acquired and maintained through practice.
		In many soils, these differences are expressed by horizonation that lies approximately parallel to the land surface, which in turn reflects vertical partitioning in the type and intensity of the various processes that influence soil development.
	grunwald.ifas.ufl.edu /Nat_resources/morphology/morphology.htm (5657 words)

	LMBM: An Overview
		Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology (LMBM) is a variant of what Aronoff (1994) refers to as a 'lexeme-base' morphological theory.
		Lexeme-base morphology assumes that only the lexeme is a true linguistic sign where 'lexeme' is defined exclusively and explicitly as any and all noun, verb, and adjective stems.
		The assumption of sign base morphology (Saussure 1916), results from the fact that the default procedure for the MS (spelling) component is to realize features in the order in which it encounters them.
	www.facstaff.bucknell.edu /rbeard/homepage.html (2167 words)

	Arabic Morphology Generation Using a Concatenative Strategy (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: Arabic inflectional morphology requires infixation, prefixation and suffixation, giving rise to a large space of morphological variation.
		In this paper we describe an approach to reducing the complexity of Arabic morphology generation using discrimination trees and transformational rules.
		By decoupling the problem of stem changes from that of prefixes and suffixes, we gain a significant reduction in the number of rules required, as much as a factor of three for certain verb types.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /315453.html (419 words)

	Distributed Morphology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Distributed Morphology (DM) is a theory of grammatical architecture that was first proposed at MIT in the mid 1990s by linguistic professors Morris Halle, Alec Marantz, and their graduate students and colleagues.
		Many conventional (lexicalist) theories claim that a significant amount of what is regarded as "syntax" is actually performed in the lexicon; the lexicon logically precedes the application of any strict syntactic rules and transformations.
		However, Distributed Morphology claims that processes that affect morphology are not localized to the lexicon; instead, these morphological rules are distributed throughout the grammar.
	www.qucis.queensu.ca /home/cisc481/po.html (167 words)

	ZEROGcs - MORPHOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Morphology Demo 1 - Section 3 - Drift (mp3).
		MORPHOLOGY is a powerfully atmospheric virtual instrument featuring over 3 Gb of evolving soundscapes, dream synth patches and samples for film composers and sound designers, created from scratch by IAN BODDY, one of the UK's most celebrated synthesists, and a veteran of the European electronic music scene since the late 1970s.
		Morphology should please anyone who's into realistic-sounding analogue synths or evolving textures, and even if you already have Spectrasonics' Atmosphere, it offers a different take on the genre.
	www.zero-g.co.uk /index.cfm?articleid=787 (2537 words)

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