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Topic: Morris worm

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Robert Tappan Morris, Jr

Notable computer viruses and worms

SQL slammer worm

Computer worm

Blaster worm

Sasser worm

Sobig worm

Mydoom

Code Red worm

Sircam

Robert Morris

Sven Jaschan

Melissa worm

	Robert Tappan Morris - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He is the son of Robert Morris, the former chief scientist at the National Computer Security Center, a division of the National Security Agency (NSA).
		Morris created the worm while he was a graduate student at Cornell University.
		Morris is a longtime friend of Paul Graham (Graham dedicated his book ANSI Common Lisp to him) and in 1995, Graham brought him aboard Viaweb, a start-up company that created online store tools for websites.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Tappan_Morris,_Jr. (423 words)

	Morris worm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Morris worm or Internet worm was one of the first computer worms distributed via the Internet; it is considered the first worm virus and was certainly the first to gain significant mainstream media attention.
		The Morris worm was not written to cause damage but to spread; bugs in the code, however, caused it to be more damaging -- a computer could be infected multiple times and each additional process would slow the machine down to the point it would be unusable.
		An analysis of the worm by Eugene Spafford
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/M/Morris-worm.htm (341 words)

	Weltanschauung Magazine (The WorldView) Editor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Morris senior often seemed locked in an elusive battle with the equally brilliant and eccentric Ken Thompson, a legend in the computer industry and widely respected as one of the inventors of Unix.
		Morris, quite unlike his hero, the Shockwave Rider, was simply "frightened out of his wits." "'Precipice is going to be attacked with nukes at 0130!' [The Shockwave Rider] launched into a burst of furious activity, punching his board with fingers that flew faster than a pianist's.
		Morris read several Cornell notices about a "loose virus" that seemed under control, although users were warned to "be careful"; some notices from Keith Bostic about patching security holes that the worm had used; and a message from Paul Graham asking him to call.
	www.skepticfiles.org /in001/wrld11do.htm (19440 words)

	United States v. Morris
		Morris soon discovered that the worm was replicating and reinfecting machines at a much faster rate than he had anticipated.
		Morris endeavors to bolster his sufficiency argument by contending that his conduct was not punishable under subsection (a)(5) but was punishable under subsection (a)(3).
		Morris was an 'outsider,' that is, that he was not authorized to access any Federal interest computer in any manner." As the analysis of the legislative history reveals, Congress did not intend an individual's authorized access to one federal interest computer to protect him from prosecution, no matter what other federal interest computers he accesses.
	www.loundy.com /CASES/US_v_Morris2.html (3466 words)

	Morris worm
		The Morris worm was one of the first internet distributed computer worms; it is considered the first worm virus and was certainly the first to gain significant mainstream media attention.
		It was written by a student at Cornell University, Robert Tappan Morris, Jr, and launched on November 2, 1988 from MIT.
		The Morris worm was not written to cause damage but to spread; bugs in the code, however, caused it to be more damaging - a computer could be infected multiple times and each additional process would slow the machine down to the point it would be unusable.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/morris_worm_1 (299 words)

	A Tour of the Worm
		If the worm's files are somehow captured before the worm can delete them, the object files have been loaded in such a way as to remove most non-essential symbol table entries, making it harder to guess at the purposes of worm routines from their names.
		Finally, new worms lose all of the history of infection that their parents had, so the children of a worm are constantly trying to re-infect the parent's host, as well as the other children's hosts.
		The worm is careful to skip the loopback device and any local interfaces (in the event that the current host is a gateway); when it finishes, it randomizes the order of the list and adds the first 20 gateways to the host table to speed up the initial searches.
	world.std.com /~franl/worm.html (10633 words)

	The Story of the First Internet Worm
		The story of the worm he created and what happened to him after it was released is a tale of mistakes, infamy, and ultimately the financial and professional success of its author.
		Morris was a 23-year-old graduate student at Cornell University in 1988 when he wrote the first Internet worm in 99 lines of C code.
		Unfortunately for Morris, his worm had a bug and the part that was supposed to not reinfect machines that already harbored the worm didn’t work.
	www.buzzle.com /editorials/10-10-2005-78536.asp (610 words)

	Worm, Worm, Go Away
		Robert Morris was tall and thin and the son of a computer science genius who worked for the National Security Agency.
		Worms, on the other hand, can travel from computer to computer under their own power.
		The Internet Worm had mostly hit computer networks in the US because in 1988 that was where most of the Internet-connected computers were.
	www.mondaymemo.net /030127feature.htm (1680 words)

	Worm Disables Net - Computerworld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Moreover, whereas the Morris worm interrupted communication among a relatively small group of university computer users, researchers and scientists, a denial of service of the same scale today would bring business to a standstill and disrupt the professional and personal lives of countless numbers of people.
		Morris never publicly stated his motivation for unleashing the worm, which constituted the first major denial-of-service attack on the Internet.
		Since the worm was benign, in the sense that it wasn't programmed to destroy data, he attracted other supporters in the Internet community.
	www.computerworld.com /printthis/1999/0,4814,62305,00.html (700 words)

	Antivirus World - What is a computer worm?
		The first worm to attract wide attention, the Morris worm, was written by Robert Tappan Morris, Jr.
		Morris himself was convicted under the US Computer Crime and Abuse Act and received 3 years' probation, community service and a fine in excess of $10,000.
		A common payload is for a worm to install a backdoor in the infected computer, as was done by Sobig and Mydoom.
	www.antivirusworld.com /articles/computer-worm.php (512 words)

	16 candles for first Internet worm \| Tech News on ZDNet
		Within hours, the worm's 99 lines of code overloaded thousands of Unix-based VAX and Sun Microsystems systems, forcing administrators to disconnect their computers from the network to try to stop the worm from spreading.
		The Morris worm was part of a research project and was not designed to cause damage, but it was programmed to self-replicate.
		Morris was convicted for his research, but did not serve time.
	news.zdnet.com /2100-1009_22-5438291.html (801 words)

	Warhol Worms: The Potential for Very Fast Internet Plagues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Since the worm itself can be small (100k is a reasonable size), a probe to attempt an infection is smaller (5k or so), and the scan itself is miniscule (a few dozen bytes may be sufficient), the actual bandwidth requirements are surprisingly low.
		A fully coordinated worm, where the worms explicitly coordinate their attack on the network, is a theoretical possibility but has not been seen in practice due to the difficulty in coding and coordinating the worms.
		The worms, upon being scanned, give enough information to determine what scanning mechanism was used to infect itself, and what scanning mechanism it is using, so the other worms know how to respond and whether they should skip to a new location.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~nweaver/warhol.html (4125 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Morris soon discovered that the program was replicating and reinfecting machines at a much faster rate than he had anticipated---there was a bug.
		Ultimately, many machines at locations around the country either crashed or became ``catatonic.'' When Morris realized what was happening, he contacted a friend at Harvard to discuss a solution.
		Robert T. Morris was convicted of violating the computer Fraud and Abuse Act (Title 18), and sentenced to three years of probation, 400 hours of community service, a fine of $10,050, and the costs of his supervision.
	www-swiss.ai.mit.edu /6805/articles/morris-worm.html (423 words)

	The Morris Internet Worm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		VAX and Sun machines across the country were being overloaded by invisible tasks, preventing users from being able to use the machines effectively, if at all, and eventually forcing system administrators to cut off many of their machines from the internet entirely in an attempt to cut off the source of infection.
		The primary difference between worms and other illicit computer programs (often referred to as viruses) is the method of operation the programs use in order to reproduce and spread.
		Now it has been 7 years since the Worm was defeated, but it is still worth looking at what happened, both in terms of how the program operated, and as to what conditions allowed it to do what it did.
	www.snowplow.org /tom/worm/worm.html (754 words)

	Computer Worm Definition Information and links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		There are also computer worms, worms in market research, and the dragons known as "wyrms", sometimes spelt this way.
		In computer storage media, WORM (for write once, read many) is a data storage technology that allows information to be written to a disc a single time and prevents the drive from erasing the data.
		A worm is a self-replicating virus that does not alter files but resides in active memory and duplicates itself.
	www.seespyware.com /computer-worm-definition.html (820 words)

	frontline: hackers: who are hackers: notable hacks
		While Morris maintained that he did not intend to cause harm to the networks, he conceded that he did intend to gain access to the affected computer systems.
		Under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986, Morris was found guilty of unauthorized access to a "federal interest computer," which the law defines as a computer that is used exclusively by the federal government or by financial institutions.
		From the time the Morris worm struck the internet until the onset of the Melissa virus, the internet was relatively free from swift-moving, highly destructive "malware." The Melissa virus, however, was rapacious; damages have been estimated at nearly $400 million.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/hackers/whoare/notable.html (2306 words)

	[No title]
		Today I will cover: * the general background of worms, * especially one particular worm I have encountered; * specifically what makes it tick, * and methods of recovery ¡$ÉZZfó¨ II Background¨÷As was covered before in a previous presentation, a worm is malicious code designed to infect networks.
		A virus attaches itself to, and becomes part of, another executable program; however, a worm is self-contained and does not need to be part of another program to propagate itself.
		The first implementation of a worm was by two researchers at Xerox PARC in 1978.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~rogd/worm.ppt (1145 words)

	Remembering the Net crash of ’88 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Morris, who could not be reached for this story, was sentenced to three years probation.
		The worm was “benign,” in that it didn’t delete files or compromise secure documents, but it did cost days of computing time at universities and research centers.
		His worm was designed as a benevolent tool, made to shuttle through computers on a network looking for idle computing time.
	www.msnbc.com /news/209745.asp (1835 words)

	Examples of Malicious Computer Programs
		However, because the Internet was already clogged with copies of his worm or because computers were disconnected from the Internet to avoid infection by the Morris Worm, the message did not arrive until after system administrators had devised their own techniques for removing the worm.
		If Morris had really been innocent, he could have faxed the source code for his worm to system administrators at University of California at Berkeley, MIT, Purdue, University of Utah, etc. who were trying to decompile the worm and understand it.
		Morris was the first person to be arrested, tried, and convicted for writing and releasing a malicious computer program.
	www.rbs2.com /cvirus.htm (12995 words)

	TLC :: Hackers: Hackers' Hall of Fame (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Morris' father once brought home one of the original Enigma cryptographic machines from the NSA.
		Unusual tools: As a teenager Morris had an account on the Bell Labs' computer network, where early hacking forays gave him super-user status.
		Current status: Robert Morris is now an assistant professor at MIT, even though he released his worm virus from there in 1988 (thus disguising the fact that it was actually written at Cornell University).
	tlc.discovery.com /convergence/hackers/bio/bio_05.html (174 words)

	CERT® Coordination Center Reports
		A student at Cornell University (Ithaca, NY), Robert T. Morris, wrote a program that would connect to another computer, find and use one of several vulnerabilities to copy itself to that second computer, and begin to run the copy of itself at the new location.
		Among the major security incidents (5) were the 1989 WANK/OILZ worm, an automated attack on VMS systems attached to the Internet, and exploitation of vulnerabilities in widely distributed programs such as the sendmail program, a complicated program commonly found on UNIX-based systems for sending and receiving electronic mail.
		Worms are self-replicating programs that spread with no human intervention after they are started.
	www.cert.org /encyc_article/tocencyc.html (9542 words)

	Linux worm uses its noodle
		The worm's strategy is not dissimilar to that employed by the 1988 Morris worm, the most successful self-propelled contagion to date.
		But unlike the Morris worm, on every system Ramen penetrates it promptly kills the service that allowed it to break in -- thus preventing the kind of multiple infection that caused the Morris worm to grind infected computers into seizure.
		But while the Morris worm was an academic exercise gone horribly wrong, Ramen serves a decidedly sophomoric end: On every web server it infects, it replaces the main web page with the message "Hackers looooooooooooove noodles," signed by the "RameN Crew."
	www.securityfocus.com /news/139 (241 words)

	The Morris Internet Worm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Probably the first time most people heard of the Internet was when the so-called Morris Worm hit a large percentage of Internet hosts in November of 1988.
		Morris, son of a former chief scientist at U.S. National Security Agency.
		A more technical description was written by Donn Seeley: A Tour of the Worm.
	www.cs.wustl.edu /cs/cs/archive/CS423_FL00/MorrisWorm.html (137 words)

	[govsec] Morris Worm and a Change in Direction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		[govsec] Morris Worm and a Change in Direction
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	www.attrition.org /pipermail/govsec/2004-November/000008.html (202 words)

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