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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Mortuary enclosure
		A mortuary enclosure is a term given in archaeology and anthropology to an area, surrounded by a wood, stone or earthwork barrier, in which dead bodies are placed for excarnation and to await secondary and/or collective burial.
		The mortuary enclosures of the British Neolithic were sub-rectangular banks with external ditches and raised platforms of stone or wood within them, thought to be used for the exposure of corpses prior to burial elsewhere.
		Remains of mortuary enclosures of this period are often found under long barrows.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mortuary-enclosure (297 words)

	PRESS RELEASE May 2005 - New Discovery at Abydos - Dr. Zahi Hawass - The Plateau - Official Website of Dr. Zahi Hawass
		The mission also stumbled upon a second mud-brick mortuary enclosure of king Hur-Aha the founder of the first dynasty along with three rectangular tombs with wooden ceiling covered with reed matting.
		Within the former cemetery street, another part of Aha's mortuary enclosure wall has been found and excavations inside it reveal remains of an interior cultic chapel, analogous to chapels known from others of the first and second dynasties.
		In addition to the new enclosure of king Aha, excavation inside the former street of the modern cemetery revealed a segment of the northeast wall of the enclosure of an unknown king of Dynasty zero discovered along with donkey burials during the 2002-2003.
	guardians.net /hawass/press_release_Abydos_05-05.htm (948 words)

	UPM Research: Egypt: Abydos
		Aha’s enclosure is the earliest yet found and is only the second monument of this king discovered over the last 100 years since his tomb was discovered by Petrie a mile to the south.
		Matthew Adams, project Associate Director, notes that "Aha’s enclosure is especially significant because after it had been used for cult activities for a short period, the enclosure and its chapel were ritually prepared for a kind of burial of their own.
		The subsidiary graves of king Djer’s enclosure were all contiguous with one another, and careful study of the remains and imprints of their wooden roofing showed it had been constructed as a continuous operation, at the same time for every grave.
	www.museum.upenn.edu /new/research/Exp_Rese_Disc/AfricaEgypt/abydos/release.shtml (1610 words)

	NYU Today
		While earlier excavators showed that mortuary chapels for the royal cult were included in these monumental enclosures as early as the Second Dynasty, the NYU-Pennsylvania-Yale team has revealed that such mortuary chapels began much earlier, in fact with the very first king of the First Dynasty.
		“Aha’s enclosure is especially significant because after it had been used for cult activities for a short period, the enclosure and its chapel were ritually prepared for a kind of burial of their own,” says Matthew Adams, project associate director.
		This floor was laid down very soon after the construction of the enclosure, indicating the burials were all made at the same time and the individuals concerned experienced death at the same time.
	www.nyu.edu /nyutoday/archives/17/11/PageOneStories/archaelogy.html (1724 words)

	The Mortuary Temple, Serdab, Northern Courtyard and the West Mounds of the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara, Egypt
		Among the noteworthy archaeological discoveries made in the mortuary temple grounds are clay sealings belonging to a priest of the goddess Neith, which bear the name of King Sanakht.
		Between the mortuary temple and the north pavilion is an extensive area known as the serdab courtyard, because of the small structure that stands near the entrance to the mortuary temple and against the northern wall of the pyramid.
		North of the mortuary temple and the serdab courtyard is the north courtyard, which covers almost a third of the entire Djoser complex.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/dsteppyramid3.htm (1747 words)

	Egyptvoyager.com: Luxor - Valley of the Kings
		One of the best-preserved mortuary temples on the West Bank is that of Ramesses III of the Twentieth Dynasty.
		Inside this massive enclosure wall lies the temple, with its impressive pylon entrance before you, and to your right is a smaller, earlier temple, and the sacred lake.
		The distinguishing feature of the mortuary temple is its use as a place of worship for the living king himself, celebrating divine kingship.
	www.egyptvoyager.com /towns_luxor_valleyofthekings_mortuarytemple_1.htm (1203 words)

	About Nan Madol - Pohnpei - Micronesia
		The high walls of the mortuary enclosure are set back 10 to 24 feet from the podium's edge, providing a level walkway all the way around the perimeter.
		In the west corner of Pahnkadira is the secondary enclosure of the residence of the saudeleur.
		Between the east enclosure and the temple platform is a paved area beside a a 26 x 33-foot excavation dug through the islet fill down to the original reef.
	www.janesoceania.com /micronesia_pohnpei_madol/index.htm (8453 words)

	Welcome to the Neolithic Monument Complex of Thornborough, North Yorkshire
		Long mortuary enclosures, a category which includes the Oval Enclosure at Thornborough, are a related tradition, although smaller at less that 150 metres long and 25 metres wide.
		These ditch and internal enclosures are usually ovate or trapezoidal in shape and often regarded as ploughed flat long barrows.
		Further excavation could confirm whether the Oval Enclosure was indeed an open long mortuary enclosure or a plough-razed long barrow — earlier excavations demonstrated an inner bank — and the role or purpose of enclosed features discovered in the evaluation trenches (including whether they contained human bone).
	thornborough.ncl.ac.uk /desktop_assessment/desktop_cursus.htm (623 words)

	Spa Enclosure -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A mortuary enclosure is a term given in archaeology and anthropology to an area, surrounded by a wood, stone or earthwork barrier, in which dead bodies are placed for excarnation and to await secondary and/or collective burial.
		The mortuary enclosures of the British Neolithic were sub-rectangular banks with external ditches and raised platforms of stone or wood within them, thought to be used for the exposure of corpses prior to burial elsewhere.
		The presence of human remains in the banks and ditches of the enclosures has been seen as an attempt by the builders to connect their ancestors with the land and thus begin to anchor themselves to specific areas.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/135/spa-enclosure.html (850 words)

	MYSTERIOUS NAN MADOL (Site not responding. Last check: )
		enclosure of Nandauwas, the crowning achievement of Nan Madol.
		Peinkitel is built partly on the shores of Temwen Island, one of the few islets in Nan Madol not bounded on all four sides by the waters of the lagoon.
		Here within a secondary enclosure, lies a large tomb that is said to contain the remains of the legendary Isokelekel.
	www.janeresture.com /micronesia_madol (705 words)

	Egyptology News / Egypt Travel News
		The mortuary enclosure of King Hur-Aha, the founder of Egypt's First Dynasty, also included a chapel stained by what are likely the remains of sacrificial animals, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities said.
		The mud-brick enclosure was discovered by a joint American excavation from Yale University, the Pennsylvania University Museum and New York University at Shunet El-Zebib, near Abydos.
		The enclosure is believed to be where the body of King Hur-Aha was kept during burial rituals.
	www.ask-aladdin.com /article.html (4767 words)

	5- Conspicuous evidence for Early Farmers in the Landscape
		Mortuary Enclosures show up best from the air as rectangular enclosures but it seems that they were sometimes developed into earthen barrows and as such have been found underneath some excavated mounds.
		The bones that had previously been excarnated/stored in the enclosure were placed together at the eastern end prior to the closure.
		This has prompted the suggestion that the megalithic 'suite' or the mortuary enclosure underneath the earthen barrow was aligned to face the point on the horizon where the sun would rise on a particular day of the year.
	www.btinternet.com /~ron.wilcox/onlinetexts/onlinetexts-chap5.htm (5802 words)

	Interactive Dig Hierakonpolis - Fixing the Fort
		Shunet ez Zebib at Abydos, the mortuary enclosure of Khasekhemwy
		It is certainly related to the ceremonial enclosures that were erected near the royal burial grounds of the kings of Egypt's early dynasties at Abydos to house their mortuary cults, but differs in many aspects.
		Instead this imposing enclosure may have been built to commemorate the king's rejuvenation festival or perhaps even the reunification of land under his command and the grand festival when Khasekhem was reborn as Khasekhemwy.
	www.archaeology.org /interactive/hierakonpolis/fort.html (1898 words)

	Penn Museum \|\| In the News
		O'Connor notes: "The royal mortuary enclosures of the First and Second Dynasty kings, who were buried in separate tombs about a mile south of the enclosures at Abydos, are amongst the most puzzling features of Egyptian archaeology.
		Our recent discovery of the earliest enclosure yet known, dating to king Aha, which means literally "the Fighter," at the very beginning of the First Dynasty (ca.
		Since Aha's enclosure is relatively small, the archeologists were able to excavate it almost entirely.
	www.museum.upenn.edu /new/news/fullrelease.php?which=111 (1611 words)

	Egypt: The Mortuary Temple of Merenptah (Merneptah) on the West Bank at Luxor
		The mortuary temple of Merenptah (Merneptah), Ramesses II's thirteenth son and successor, was mostly destroyed long ago, but recently has been restored to a large degree and is one of the newest of the sites on the West Bank at Luxor (ancient Thebes) available for sightseeing.
		However, it should be noted that Amenhotep III's mortuary temple was almost completely destroyed prior to Merenptah's quarrying of its stone.
		This was not unlike the destruction of Amenhotep III's complex, though the earlier king's mortuary temple was built so close to the flood plan that a flood was not required for its demise.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/merenptaht.htm (608 words)

	DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANCEINT EGYPTIAN ROYAL MORTUARY COMPLEX
		Enclosure walls dating to the Old Kingdom are not inscribed, but those of the Middle Kingdom bear the king's titles, such as those of King Sesostris I at Lisht.
		Also known as the mortuary or funerary temple, the upper temple is located on the east side of the- pyramid-the only exception is that of Wsrkaf (Dynasty V) at Saqqara.
		Goneim discovered six courses of the outer casing of the enclosure's north wall reserved to a height of 3.10m The masonry is the same as that of Djoser's pyramid suggesting that Sekhemkhet's architect is none other than Imhotep.
	www.guardians.net /hawass/mortuary1.htm (17141 words)

	IOL: Beer and wine jars found at burial site
		The mortuary enclosure of King Hur-Aha, the founder of Egypt's First Dynasty, also included a cultic chapel where the floor and benches are stained with organic material - probably the remains of offerings made during rituals, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities said.
		The mud-brick mortuary enclosure was discovered by a joint American excavation from Yale University, the Pennsylvania University Museum and New York University at Shunet El-Zebib, part of the pharaonic holy city of Abydos, where many of Egypt's earlier pharaohs are buried, 400km south of Cairo.
		The enclosure also included three rectangular tombs with wooden ceilings covered with reed matting - one with a well-preserved skeleton of a woman and another tomb with remains of human bones.
	www.iol.co.za /index.php?set_id=1&click_id=31&art_id=qw1116508140428B221 (608 words)

	Norfolk Museums & Archaeology Service: Recent results of NMP mapping
		The characteristic feature of a causewayed enclosure, clearly visible here, is the use of segments of ditch to surround an area (the undisturbed ground between two ditch segments is known as a causeway).
		Towards the top of the photograph the roughly rectangular shape of a long barrow or mortuary enclosure can be seen.
		This is also likely to date to the Neolithic period, and provides further evidence of the ceremonial use of the area by prehistoric communities.
	www.museums.norfolk.gov.uk /default.asp?Document=600.60.3&Image=312&gst= (221 words)

	excavation
		A small ovate-shaped enclosure is located approximately 250m from the eastern end of the cursus.
		The existence of the enclosure was confirmed by the subsequent excavation of four evaluation trenches.
		This new earthwork perimeter served to separate and demarcate the inner area from the surrounding landscape in a way which was not possible with the earlier enclosure.
	museums.ncl.ac.uk /thornborough/excavation.htm (2067 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site - The Funerary Temple of Djedkare
		Much of the mortuary complex connected to Djedkare's pyramid still remains to be excavated and examined.
		Djedkare's mortuary temple is the first to make such a sharp distinction between these two parts of the temple.
		Between the mortuary temple and the enclosure wall were four open courts, one of which was used for the satellite pyramid.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /topography/saqqara/djedkare/temple.html (549 words)

	Egyptian Afterlife, Abydos - National Geographic Magazine
		The large, walled enclosures where mortuary rituals were performed were situated on the edge of town, while the underground tombs were located more than a mile away on the threshold of the desolate Western Desert, a place known to ancient Egyptians as the land of the dead.
		All of the 1st-dynasty tombs and most of the enclosures excavated so far are accompanied by subsidiary graves—hundreds in some cases—containing the remains of elite officials and courtiers.
		There, a new tradition arose: The separate tomb and enclosure were combined into a single complex that included a colossal pyramid tomb bounded by the walls of a ceremonial enclosure.
	www7.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0504/feature7 (2433 words)

	New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs State Board of Mortuary Science Rule Adoption
		No licensed practitioner of mortuary science shall engage an intern unless, prior to such engagement, the practitioner's case volume during the previous calendar year is a minimum of 25 cases which shall not include stillbirths.
		Results from the Mortuary Jurisprudence examination, required pursuant to N.J.A.C. 13:36-3.1(a)6, and the practical examination, required pursuant to N.J.A.C. 13:36-3.1(a)7, shall be valid for three years from the date of successful completion of the respective examinations.
		A licensed practitioner of mortuary science shall not permit any unlicensed person to engage in or take charge of the activities for which a license to engage in the practice of mortuary science is required by the provisions of the Mortuary Science Act, set forth at N.J.S.A. 45:7-32 et seq.
	www.state.nj.us /lps/ca/adoption/mortado44.htm (8462 words)

	[No title]
		The technique showed up the enclosure very clearly with the magnetometer results recording a clearly defined rectangular enclosure with opposing entrances on the longsides.
		The ditch of the enclosure was found to be 1.9m deep (from the natural chalk surface) with a width at the surface of 3.2m and a basal width of 0.7m (see section and plan); the sides had a uniform gradient.
		At present, all that can be said is that the site has presented no evidence of a mortuary function with which to place it in the amorphous category of 'mortuary enclosure'.
	csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk /proj_cran/manorsh.htm (882 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site - The Great Enclosure (Gisr el-Mudir)
		To the west of the buried pyramid of Sekhemkhet, a large rectangular structure was discovered composed mainly of a gigantic enclosure wall.
		If indeed these Abydene palace-copies are similar to the Saqqara enclosures, then it is likely that the Saqqara enclosures were related to the 2nd Dynasty tombs which were located in the vicinity.
		If the enclosures at Saqqara are indeed of 2nd Dynasty date and not, as was assumed in the past, of the 3rd Dynasty, then at least the 'Great Enclosure' is to be considered the oldest known building constructed in stone!
	www.ancient-egypt.org /topography/saqqara/great_enclosure/index.html (342 words)

	Beer and wine jars unearthed in Egypt - Science - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The mortuary enclosure of King Hur-Aha, the founder of Egypt's First Dynasty, also included a cultic chapel where the floor and benches are stained with organic material — probably the remains of offerings made during rituals, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities said.
		The mud-brick mortuary enclosure was discovered by a joint American excavation from Yale University, the Pennsylvania University Museum and New York University at Shunet El-Zebib, part of the pharaonic holy city of Abydos, where many of Egypt's earlier pharaohs are buried, 240 miles (400 kilometers) south of Cairo.
		The enclosure also had a chamber of pots with hieroglyphs indicating they were made during the reign of Hur-Aha.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/7915849 (476 words)

	FindStuff.com - enclosure
		Serpac manufactures plastic Enclosures, keyfobs, handheld or desktop cases to be used in electronic environments.
		Bud Industries is the nation's leading manufacturer of enclosures and related products for the electronics and data/te...
		NEMA Rated Outdoor Enclosures Heated, Cooled & Customized.
	us01.xmlsearch.findwhat.com /bin/findwhat.dll?clickthrough&y=890&x=aSGY50PUPwATrN7p8VkMHHTj5OkDPMEzXYDWVY39gwnYl:zWdYAQr:EzaDim7NS17haFjQizWxUFuBzWaD20VODxur918hGL3Jr3e0pBhhkS:MrFUv6L5AGdsCzs3r3KGVSQWz8qooiJNoUDgMiiVBDallD;VzzvjSPFFto19YU:PwxDA (112 words)

	Luxor, Egypt, Medinet Habu, Mortuary Temple of Rameses III, Virtual Tour.
		Medinet Habu - Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III
		It is thought that Ramesses III lived in the palace,and that his mortuary temple was built prior to his death.
		The Temple of Divine Adortrices of Amun was used to worship the various deceased daughters of Pharaohs who assumed this religious office.
	www.kenseamedia.com /february/medn_hbu.htm (712 words)

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