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Topic: Mosaic (digital image)

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Digital image processing

In the News (Thu 31 Dec 09)

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	Mars by Viking, 1975 through 1987.
		The center of this image is near latitude 0 degree, longitude 310 degree, and the limits of this mosaic are approximately latitude -60 to 60 degrees and longitude 260 to 350 degrees.
		All of the mosaics are geometrically tied to the Mars Digital Image Mosaic, a fl-and-white base map with a scale of 231 m/pixel.
		The image extends from latitude 20 degrees N. to 40 degrees N. and from longitude 280 degrees to 305 degrees.
	xpda.com /mars/viking (8011 words)

	Mosaic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae and they enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas, but mosaic floors are particularly associated with Roman dwellings, from Britain to Dura-Europas.
		The greatest development of Christian mosaics unfolded in the Byzantine empire including its outpost the Exarchate of Ravenna and its territories in Sicily, and in its rival Venice, where mosaic encrusts the exterior and interior of St Mark's.
		A mosaic in digital imaging is a plurality of non-overlapping images, arranged in some tessellation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mosaic_(digital_image) (1073 words)

	Mars Image Archive
		This is an image of the Sinus Sabaus and Deucalionis Regio portion of Mars.
		This is a mosaic of the Schiaparelli region on Mars.
		This is a mosaic of the Valles Marineris hemisphere on Mars.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/mars/mars_il.html (909 words)

	CS6964: Digital Image Processing, Project2
		The transformation from, say, image B to image A is given by the matrix inverse of the transformation from A to B. However, for real applications, such as landscape panoramic mosaicking, the user usually has correspondence data only between successive images, such as 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 and so on.
		As a result, the pixel in the target mosaic will be closer to the value in image B than to that in the image A, because we have more confidence in pixels that are closer to the center.
		The mosaics are generally good, except that in the third portrait from the left in th top row, there is a small discontinuity that is visible in the frame.
	www.cc.utah.edu /~asc10/improc (1632 words)

	USGS Astrogeology: Mars MDIM Digital Image Mosaic
		This mosaic, known as Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM) 2.1, replaces two earlier mosaics produced by the USGS from the same set of approximately 4600 Viking Orbiter images.
		In addition to relatively imprecise geodetic control, the previous mosaics were affected by changing definitions of cartographic parameters (such as the definition of zero longitude), resulting in an overall longitude shift of as much as 0.2° between the early MDIMs and other datasets.
		The images used to make MDIM 2.1 were obtained primarily through the red, clear, and minus-blue filters of the Viking Orbiter imaging system, and thus provide a monochromatic view of Mars weighted toward the red end of the visible spectrum.
	astrogeology.usgs.gov /Projects/MDIM21 (1707 words)

	Production of Digital Image Models
		A DIM is comprised of a mosaic of digital images that have undergone radiometric, geometric, and photometric rectification.
		Image blemishes result from a variety of conditions including 1) telemetry data dropouts or transmission errors, 2) malfunctioning or dead detectors, 3) minute dust specks located in the optical path or on the focal plane array, and 4) coherent noise caused by spurious electronic signals from the operation of instruments onboard the spacecraft.
		To illustrate, consider two images of the same area on the planet where one image was acquired with the sun directly overhead and the second with the sun lower to the horizon.
	isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov /Isis2/isis-bin/intro_digi_mosaic.cgi (5628 words)

	[No title]
		Structure of Landsat Digital Images The structure of a TM digital image is illustrated in Figure 7.6, which is a greatly enlarged portion of band 4 from the Thermopolis, Wyoming, subscene (Figure 4.20D).
		The correlation of the image gray scale to the eight-bit DN scale is shown in Figure 7.6D, where a DN of 0 is displayed as fl and 255 as white.
		PC image 2 (Figure 7.24B) is dominated by differences in albedo that also correlate from band to band because pixels that are bright in one TM band tend to be bright in adjacent bands.
	www.ciesin.org /docs/005-477/005-477.html (13502 words)

	Catalog Page for PIA02992
		The photomosaic that forms the base for this globe was created by merging two global digital image models (DIM's) of Mars-a medium-resolution monochrome mosaic processed to emphasize topographic features and a lower resolution color mosaic emphasizing color and albedo variations.
		A green-filter image was synthesized by weighted averaging of the red- and violet-filter mosaics.
		The images are presented in a projection that portrays the entire surface of Mars in a manner suitable for the production of a globe; the number, size, and placement of text annotations were chosen for a 12-inch globe.
	photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov /catalog/PIA02992 (422 words)

	Mosaicing for Lecture Browser
		The goal of this project is to develop an automated system for generating an image mosaic out of the video data captured in the lecture browser project.
		Image mosaics are useful for a variety of tasks in vision and computer graphics and applications like lecture browser.
		Image mosaics are useful for a variety of tasks in vision and computer graphics; applications include: virtual environments, panoramic photography, increased image resolution and video compression.
	www.cs.cornell.edu /dali/apps/mosaic (1876 words)

	The New Yorker: Fact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		To make a digital image of the Unicorn tapestries was one of the most difficult assignments that Bridgers had ever had.
		On one corner of the floor there is a huge digital image of Albrecht Dürer’s engraving “Melencolia I.” In it, Melancholy is sitting lost in thought, surrounded by various strange objects, including a magic square and a polyhedron, with an unknown number of sides, called Dürer’s solid.
		David explained that their image of the tapestry was a first step toward making even finer digital images of works of art.
	www.newyorker.com /fact/content/articles/050411fa_fact (4684 words)

	Clarkvision.com: Large Digital Mosaics as a Substitute for Large Format Film
		The images were recorded in 4 rows using a custom panoramic tripod head with the camera mounted so that the long axis of the frame was vertical (portrait mode).
		The 4x5 image in Figure 4 was taken with a 90 mm lens at f/64 with front tilts of the lens plane to help the depth of field.
		In fact, at the time the digital mosaic in Figure 1 was obtained, wind was blowing the flowers and a large format image at the required f/45 for this image would have resulted in many blurry flowers.
	www.clarkvision.com /photoinfo/large_mosaics (2120 words)

	MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) Image Map
		The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map is a composite of 260 swaths comprised of both Terra and Aqua MODIS images acquired between 20 November 2003 and 29 February 2004.
		MOA consists of two MODIS-derived image data sets: a digitally smoothed red-light image, which was compiled using Band 1; and a snow-grain-size image, which was compiled using the normalized difference of calibrated data from Band 1 and Band 2 data.
		The digitally smoothed red-light images are available via FTP at two spatial grid scales: 750 m (112 MB) and 125 m (4 GB), and via a Web-based map server capable of creating manually-selected JPEG images (See the Map Server User's Guide).
	nsidc.org /data/moa/index.html (484 words)

	Digital Image Processing in Art Conservation
		The mosaic, which is 84 square metres in area, was created in 1371 and is situated on the outer wall of the St.Vitus Cathedral in Prague, in the Czech Republic (see Figure 1).
		The dilapidation of the mosaic during the centuries was very severe, due to high levels of impurities in the mosaic glass, temperature fluctuations (the measured temperature range is -28oC to +60oC) and, more recently, air pollution.
		The Department of Image Processing was invited to join the project and to use their expertise in advanced digital image restoration and registration (alignment) methods to reveal original patterns which had disappeared from the mosaic and which, while captured by the historical photograph, are obscured in it by the high level of noise and blurring.
	www.ercim.org /publication/Ercim_News/enw53/zitova.html (698 words)

	NOAO Image Data Structure Definitions
		However, for a mosaic of CCDs it is recommended that all the CCD coordinates have the same orientation relative to an image focal plane regardless of which amplifier is used.
		The image coordinates of binned pixels are still defined to have integer values at the centers of the binned pixels and the integer values also are indices into the image pixel array.
		Thus image coordinate 1 (assuming the first binned pixel is written to the first image pixel) maps to CCD coordinate 1.5, image coordinate 2 maps to CCD coordinate 3.5, and so on.
	iraf.noao.edu /projects/ccdmosaic/imagedef/imagedef.html (3012 words)

	USGS TerraWeb: Satellite Image Map of Antarctica
		In this particular case an existing digital AVHRR satellite image mosaic was updated with newer and better images to replace cloud covered areas, and digital image processing techniques were used to improve the presentation of the data.
		The United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Mini Image Processing System (MIPS) was used to apply the geometric, radiometric, and spatial filtering required to update and improve the existing digital mosaic, as well as the merging of AVHRR and topographic images.
		When the entire mosaic was completed band 1 (visible, 0.58-0.68 micrometers) and band 2 (near-infrared, 0.725-1.100 micrometers) were averaged, and the entire digital mosaic was enhanced using a 91 by 91 pixel spatial filter; these results were then contrast stretched.
	terraweb.wr.usgs.gov /TRS/projects/Antarctica/AVHRR.html (854 words)

	The Arithmetic of Image Sizes
		For example, the same image can be said to have 1800 x 1600 pixels (where "x" is pronounced "by" as in "1800 by 1600"), or to contain 2.88-million pixels (1800 multiplied by 1600).
		This digital image of a Monarch butterfly chrysalis is 1800 pixels wide and 1600 pixels tall.
		Images on high-resolution screens and printouts look sharper only because the available pixels are grouped into a small area—not because there are more pixels.
	www.shortcourses.com /pixels/images.htm (792 words)

	Digital Imaging: Introduction (Microscopy & Imaging, Cellular Imaging Core, SWEHSC)
		Image resolution is often confused with the resolution of the output device (computer monitor or printer).
		Digital imaging software programs (e.g., Adobe Photoshop™) often set their scale factors based on the monitor resolution (72 DPI), however, this setting is really only useful for images that will ultimately be displayed on a monitor (WWW pages).
		Digital images from microscopes should have a scale bar of known size added to them before any size changes are applied to the digital image.
	swehsc.pharmacy.arizona.edu /exppath/micro/digimageintro.html (997 words)

	USGS TerraWeb: Dust Detection and Mapping - Landsat TM
		A digital image map mosaic was generated using twelve Landsat TM images collected during the summer of 1997 (eight images were collected in June, three on July 15th, and one on May 21st).
		The data are being used to compare with a digital image mosaic generated using 1992 Landsat TM images which represents land surface conditions during a wet season in a wet/El Niño year.
		Besides using the Landsat TM image mosaics to generate digital change images, which help with several issues including those dealing with vegetation change and the transport of fine sediments, we are also using the image maps to extract information about soil types, vegetation cover, and surface armouring/protection.
	terraweb.wr.usgs.gov /projects/RSDust/landsattm.html (682 words)

	Creating Photo Mosaics Using Digital Image Processing
		My project for CS4802 was to create a program that can produce mosaic images from an original image using a large library of small thumbnail images.
		Blocks of pixels in the original image are averaged and the average for each block is matched with the average color values of the images in the image library.
		This thumbnail image is then scaled down to the right size and used in the mosaic image in place of the block of pixels in the original.
	people.msoe.edu /~taylor/cs4802proj/gillesj (312 words)

	Mosaic: The Digital Library
		Although the library cannot digitize all of our unique material, we can identify a limited number of collections that will be especially valuable in digital form.
		Copies of all the material digitally captured will be transmitted to the Library of Congress to be added to a facility that they have designed specifically for the long-term preservation of digital materials.
		These repositories offer faculty a permanent archive for their digital material and a consistent means of exposing it to the world of scholarship.
	www.library.vanderbilt.edu /mosaic/digital.shtml (778 words)

	Royalty-Free Stock Image Specifications - Ambient Creations
		By using high tech digital cameras, we are taking the digitazation process to the point of origin of the image, rather than at some stage in between.
		Using digital capture enables the creation of an extremely high resolution, high quality original by bringing the digitization process to the point of origin--at the beginning when the file is created, rather than at the end of the file creation process, such as occurs when taking film images to a reproduction house.
		A JPEG is a type of image file that was first defined by the Joint Photographic Experts Group, a committee of image experts who wrote the specifications for the JPEG file type, hence the acronym.
	www.ambientcreations.com /help/imagespecs.asp (921 words)

	V&A Exploring Photography - Digital image (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Digital images are created using a gridded mosaic of light sensitive picture elements, called pixels, embedded on a computer chip.
		Digital images can be manipulated and altered by computer and regenerated in many ways: on computer or television screens, on film, printed or projected.
		The technology for producing digital images is evolving rapidly with new possibilities constantly emerging.
	www.vam.ac.uk /vastatic/microsites/photography/processframe.php?processid=pr016 (110 words)

	Saint Sophia Cathedral Cupola Mosaic—The Transformation from Traditional Artwork to Virtual Reality
		The mosaic was only accessible at the top of a 100-foot (30-meter) scaffold, so the physical task of photographing the artwork involved hoisting up all of the camera and lighting equipment to the narrow catwalk with a rope and pulley, then lifting it through a man-sized hole onto the platform.
		Long before the mosaic was created, I had photographed the overall interior of the sanctuary, using a time exposure and "painting with light" lighting technique, using a portable Sun Gun and battery belt to fill in shadows, and I used Kodak Vericolor Type L color negative film (ISO 100).
		The film images were digitized with Isomet drum scans and Kodak Pro Photo CD scans from the transparencies, and with a flatbed scan (PixelCraft) from the Kodak Ektacolor print of the sanctuary interior.
	www.vrimagers.com /pages/sophia_mosaic_story.html (1023 words)

	Digital Image (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Because image files are so large, the construction of a networked image database is likely to affect system resources significantly.
		For example, in image storage traditionally the denser and cheaper storage media (magnetic tapes and optical disks) have had the slowest access time, whereas the disks with the quickest access time are more expensive and have smaller capacity.
		Lower-quality images (browes and/or medium-resolution) might be accessible on-line, but users wanting more quality would have to go to a library or lab and load a CD-ROM to view a high-quality image.
	www.scit.wlv.ac.uk /~n9581036/cp2014/di_net.htm (544 words)

	CRISM - Phyllosilicate and Olivine around a Fracture in Nili Fossae
		The image of the Isidis basin at the top left is the colored elevation data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) overlain on a digital image mosaic from the Viking mission.
		The image is shown overlain on the Viking digital image mosaic at lower left.
		The upper right image was constructed from three infrared channels (2.38, 1.80 and 1.15 microns in the red, green and blue image planes, respectively) to highlight the mineralogy of the area.
	crism.jhuapl.edu /gallery/featuredImage/image.php?gallery_id=2&image_id=90 (568 words)

	Mars Global Surveyor Aerobraking Orbit Images
		Most of the images are of relatively poor quality, as the MGS spacecraft is not yet in the orbit for which the MOC was designed.
		Because the MOC acquires its images one line at a time, the cant angle towards the sun-lit portion of the planet, the spacecraft orbital velocity, and the spacecraft rotational velocity combined to distort the image slightly.
		Because the MOC acquires its images one line at a time, the cant angle towards the sun-lit portion of the planet, the spacecraft orbital velocity, and the spacecraft rotational velocity combined to significantly distort the image.
	marsweb.jpl.nasa.gov /mgs/msss/camera/images/p3_p7_release/index.html (1068 words)

	GPY 320 Digital Image Processing
		Digital image processing helps to interpret remotely sensed information by allowing a scientist to manipulate and analyze the image data in such a way as to reveal information that may not be immediately recognizable in the original form.
		Be conversant with basic theory, operation, and applications of digital image processing.
		Be able to enhance, correct, mosaic, classify and perform basic image analyzes operations, and produce maps.
	www4.gvsu.edu /lioubime/COURSES/GPY320.htm (1085 words)

	Mosaic Maker: Create a photo mosaic from your digital photographs
		If you have a 36 image mosaic, then page two starts at your 37th favorite.
		For example, if you only have a four image mosaic, then choosing page two will start your mosaic with the fifth photo in the set.
		If you have a 36 image mosaic, then page two starts at the 37th image.
	bighugelabs.com /flickr/mosaic.php (710 words)

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