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	The Kremlin in Moscow \| Moscow Kremlin
		‘Kremlin’ is actually the term given for the fortified stronghold of any city, and many other kremlins exist in large towns throughout Russia and acted as seats of power for local rulers.
		Moscow’s Kremlin began life in the 1150s, on a much smaller scale than it exists now, and was added too by various rulers as Moscow grew in wealth and power.
		The Presidium - lurking in the north-eastern corner of the Kremlin complex is the Neoclassical edifice of the Presidium.
	www.moscow-life.com /moscow/kremlin (1259 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- kremlin - AOL Research & Learn
		It is bounded on the south by the Moscow River and Kremlin quay, on the east by Red Square with Lenin's tomb, the Moscow Historical Museum, and St. Basil's Cathedral, and on the west and south by the old Alexander Gardens.
		Along the Kremlin walls are large palaces, including the 15th-century Granovitaya Palata (the throne and banquet hall of the czars); the 19th-century Oruzheinaya Palata (Armory), built as a museum for crowns, scepters, thrones, costumes, and armor; and the 19th-century Grand Palace (Rus.
		The Kremlin's architectural history may be divided into the three periods: the wooden Kremlin (founded in the 13th cent.), the Italian Renaissance Kremlin, and the modern Kremlin begun by Catherine the Great in the 18th cent.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/kremlin/20051206191409990011 (467 words)

	Moscow: overview and structure of the city. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Moscow is the centre of the country's rail network, on which freight transport is heavily dependent.
		Moscow is the centre of the country's airline network; the Sheremetyevo-2 airport (schemas of arrivals hall and departures hall), 24 miles (39 km) north, handles international flights.
		Moscow is located at 55.55'of northern latitude and 37.37' to the east of the Greenwich's meridian, in the centre of the East-European plain in the zone of mixed forests.
	www.cs.toronto.edu /~mes/russia/moscow/description.html (1079 words)

	Moscow
		Moscow, the capital of the Russian Federation, is a political, economic, cultural and scientific centre.
		Nowadays it is the centre of the Moscow Patriarchate, the Moscow residence of the Patriarch of All Russia, an active monastery.
		Situated in the town of Zvenigorod, 60 km from Moscow, it is one of the gems of Russian architecture of 15–17th centuries, the former summer residence of Tzar Alexei Romanov.
	www.moscowvoyage.msk.ru /en/moscow/moscow.htm (1039 words)

	Moscow Kremlin, Moscow, Russia
		The Kremlin is one of the most intriguing ensembles of buildings in Moscow and its architectural variety reveals a long and fascinating history.
		The Cathedral of the Annunciation was constructed between 1485 and 1489 by builders from the religious town of Pskov, and is the second oldest cathedral in the Kremlin.
		The remaining two Kremlin cathedrals are the Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles and the Cathedral of the Archangel.
	www.moscow-hotels.net /attractions/kremlin.html (750 words)

	[No title]
		The Moscow Kremlin is the heart of the Russia capital: major thoroughfares of the city either converge on the Kremlin, or form series of concentric circles around it.
		At the beginning of the 17th century, during the Polish-Lithuanian invasion, the Kremlin was occupied by King Sigizmund's troops, and the Armoury was plundered.
		In the mid-17th century the Kremlin treasures accumulated and were housed as follows: the Treasury held all the Tsar's treasures, clothes and royal caps, vessels in gold and silver, velvets and satins in gold thread; the Cavalry Office Yield precious harnesses, saddles, coaches and horse-cloths.
	sunsite.cs.msu.su /moscow/kremlin.html (1011 words)

	Russia / Exploring Moscow / The Kremlin
		The Kremlin is Russia's mythic refuge, a self contained city with a multitude of palaces, armories, and churches, a medieval fortress that links the modern nation to its legendary past in the ancient state of Kievan Rus'.
		This most Italianate of the Kremlin's churches, the last of Ivan the Great's contributions to Cathedral Square, is the burial place of the early Tsars and their predecessors, the princes of Moscow.
		The last of the three palaces, the Great Kremlin, was built in the early 19th-century as a Moscow residence for Nicholas I. All three of the palaces possess extraordinary interior decorations belied by their rather unremarkable exteriors.
	www.geographia.com /russia/moscow02.htm (2011 words)

	[No title]
		Moscow Kremlin, that was built in the beginning of the 15 century, is a benchmark of that epoch.
		Moscow architecture reached its peak level of perfection in the second half of 18th century due to advanced Russian architects V.I.Bazhenov (Pashkov's house), M.F.Kazakov (Senat bilding).
		The social structure of Moscow inhabitants started to change in the 20-ies on the account of peasants leaving their villages in search of job and "new life"; later on the most poor part of population came to Moscow as non-qualified workers on factories and in house building.
	sunsite.cs.msu.su /moscow/history.html (1084 words)

	The Kremlin in Moscow, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Kremlin - a brief and fascinating history of the architectural development of Moscow's seat of political and spiritual power and the famous leaders who have resided and ruled from there.
		Kremlin Walls and Towers - the gradual development of the citadel's impressive fortifications from the 15th to the 17th centuries and the influence of European architectural styles on their design and construction.
		Cathedral of the Assumption - the oldest of the Kremlin's cathedrals and the protector of the Russian Orthodox faith since the seat of the Church was transferred to Moscow from Vladimir in 1326.
	www.moscow-taxi.com /sightseeing/kremlin/index.asp (707 words)

	Travel with us to Russia. Excursions in Moscow: Moscow Kremlin
		This building of the Kremlin at the end of the fifteenth century was carried on at a time when the idea of Moscow as the Third Rome, the heir to the political and ecclesiastical authority of Rome and Byzantium, was widespread.
		The Moscow Kremlin with its ancient towers, cathedrals and palaces is associated with some of the most dramatic and stirring pages of Russian history: fierce battles against invaders, popular uprisings and joyous banquets to celebrate military victories.
		The oldest repository for the treasures and jewels of the grand princes of Moscow was the Treasury, or Treasury Court, known to have existed in the fifteenth century.
	www.mita-tour.com /kremlin.htm (866 words)

	Sights in Moscow: Kremlin, Red Square, Tverskaya street etc. -- WayToRussia.Net Guide to Russia
		The Kremlin is the stronghold of Moscow and its historical center.
		Moscow Kremlin fortress was one of the most fortified in Europe, even more than the ones in Milan and Krakow.
		Moscow government defends it, because the architect of the monument is a close friend of the Mayor.
	www.waytorussia.net /Moscow/Sights.html (3266 words)

	Kremlin - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		- walled compound in Moscow: the walled citadel in Moscow in which cathedrals, palaces, and the offices of the Russian government are located.
		The Kremlin, a triangular fortified enclosure in the centre of Moscow, is now the seat of the Russian government and the centre of...
		Situated on a low prominence on the north bank of the Moscow River, the Kremlin is the dominant landmark of Moscow.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Kremlin.html (135 words)

	Moscow - MN-FILES - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation and its largest city.
		The city began with the foundation of the Moscow Kremlin, the historic fortress in the center of the city that has traditionally housed the government; with the rest of the city eventually growing around it, hence the circular cityscape.
		Moscow was founded in 1147, when Russia was made up of a number of city states before it was unified under a single ruler.
	www.mosnews.com /mn-files/moscow.shtml (766 words)

	Moscow Attractions. THE KREMLIN.
		Now the Moscow Kremlin is one of the biggest museums of the world.
		It was cast in 1586 in the Gun Court in Moscow during the reign of Fyodor - son of Ivan the Terrible.
		In 18th century it was displaced to the Moscow Kremlin and at the beginning was located in a court yard of the Arsenal building and then at its main gate.
	www.moscowcity.com /attractions/kreml.htm (455 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin: History
		The early Kremlin settlement appeared as the center of crafts and trade owing to its extremely advantageous geographic position: it lay at the crossroads of trade routes and waterways meeting at the foot of the hill.
		At that time, Moscow was a sort of suburb of the capital town of Vladimir and the Kremlin, with its court yard, mansions and subsidiary buildings, old churches and necropolis, was a frontier post in the outlying districts of the Vladimir principality.
		As far as the Kremlin was concerned, it became the treasure house of all national relics and family treasures of the grand princes and tsars handed down from one generation to another.
	www.caroun.com /Countries/Europe/Russia/Kremlin/02-Kremlin-History-1.html (1944 words)

	Imperialtravel.net - Plases: Moscow
		Kremlin is the center of the city's layout.
		Kremlin most important tower is the Saviour (Spasskaya) Tower, it was built in 1491 by Pietro Solario, who also designed most of the Kremlin main towers.
		Moscow Botanical Gardens of the Academy of Sciences and the grounds of the Moscow Timiryazev Academy of Agriculture are among the several gardens in the city.
	www.imperialtravel.net /moscow.shtml (1219 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin - Main page
		The Moscow Kremlin Museums assist in the organization of a large international exhibition, put on in Washington, in the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.
		Within the exhibition the Kremlin Museums represent 2 masterpieces of goldsmithery: figured censer, executed in Hamburg in the first quarter of the XVIIth century, and Belgian nautilus cup of the middle of the XVIth century.
		You are welcome to visit the virtual display "Moscow Kremlin, depicted by the painters of the XIXth century", created on the basis of the unique paintings of the museum’s collection.
	www.kreml.ru /main_en.asp (447 words)

	The Kremlin in Moscow, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Kremlin is the historical, spiritual and political heart of Moscow and the city's most famous landmark and tourist attraction.
		During the 14th century, when Moscow became the center of a Grand Principality, the fortress was for the first time perceived as a separate citadel and a principle part of the city and in 1331 was given the title "Kremlin".
		With the Bolshevik storming of the Kremlin during the 1917 Revolution the fortress was closed to the public for the next 50 years and the only architectural additions made by the Soviet regime were the 1934 Presidium and the modernistic State Kremlin Palace (previously the Palace of Congresses) in 1961.
	www.moscow-taxi.com /sightseeing/kremlin/kremlin.html (787 words)

	Ozon.ru - Moscow Kremlin \| Книги / Нехудожественная литература / Путешествия. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Kremlin is Moscow's central architectural ensemble, the heart of Russia and symbol of her greatness.
		It is situated on the high bank of the Moscow River, at the mouth of the Neglinnaya (put into a conduit in the course of-sanitation work and the city centre reconstruction, in 1816-20).
		This is the oldest part of Moscow, that as far back as the 11th century was the site of the Slaviansky town and its first manuscript reference dates from 1147.
	www.ozon.ru /context/detail/id/1714384 (133 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin and other Moscow Attractions — Official Moscow Travel Information
		The Moscow Kremlin is Russia's mythic refuge, a self contained city with a multitude of palaces, armories, and churches, a medieval fortress that links the modern nation to its legendary past in the ancient state of Kievan Rus'.
		Over the next two centuries, until Peter the Great transferred the capital of Russia to St. Petersburg, the Moscow Kremlin served as the central stage for the magnificent and occasionally horrific history of the Tsars.
		As much a fabulous museum as it is an underground transport system, Moscow's famous metro survives in all its constructivist glory, with more chandeliers than Buckingham Palace and enough marble to fit out the kitchens of the world.
	www.all-moscow.com /info/kremlin.html (3449 words)

	Moscow personal guide for You (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Moscow Kremlin is an ancient town, a fortress, an active residence of power, a State museum.
		At the same time, the ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin is included in the List of the World cultural and natural heritage of UNESCO and in its territory the State history-cultural museum - reserve “ the Moscow Kremlin ” settles down.
		To Moscow people this place is well-known as a place of festivals in days of holidays, simply sunday walks with family or youth parties and certainly as a place of an indispensable stop of wedding trains.
	www.moscowguide.net.ru /index.html (548 words)

	Pilot Guides.com: Kings & Communists: Moscow's Kremlin
		Kremlin means fortress, the Russian word for citadel, a medieval walled city on a hill above the Moscow River.
		The skyline of the Kremlin is strikingly majestic and picturesque.
		The ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin is the result of the efforts of many generations.
	www.pilotguides.com /destination_guide/europe/russia/kremlin.php (587 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin: History
		The moat was filled with water and connected the Moscow River (on the south) and the Neglinnaya River (on the south-west).
		The Kremlin became an island fortress reliably protected on the sides of all the gates (the moat was not evened until 1801).
		Moscow and the Kremlin suffered innumerable losses in the war with France (1812): The Water Tower, the first Nameless and the Petrovsky Tower lay in ruins, half of the Borovitsky Tower’s tent-shaped top had fallen down.
	www.caroun.com /Countries/Europe/Russia/Kremlin/03-Kremlin-History-2.html (1618 words)

	kremlin: The Moscow Kremlin — Infoplease.com
		Why Moscow renews attack on religion; as Kremlin leaders see it, growing appeal of churches in the Soviet Union imperils stability......
		Kremlin raises reform hopes: Ben Aris reports from Moscow on renewed efforts by the Russian government to overhaul the banking sector....
		Mideast: Moscow on a roll; U.S. left a vacuum and the Kremlin fills it, even in the peace process.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0859143.html (562 words)

	RNG - Excursions - Moscow - City Tour
		Capital tour of Moscow, which if it is your first visit to Moscow or you are not familiar with the capital, is an excellent way to see the exterior of famous buildings and palaces to which you may return at your leisure.
		The Kremlin has always been perceived as a symbol of power and mighty of the Russian state, the national idea expressed in stone.
		In the 19th century Arbat turned to be a favorite neighborhood for Moscow's nobility and creative intelligentsia, it was believed to number one noble for every seven ordinary residents.
	www.russia-travel.com /excursions/moscow/citytour (250 words)

	VRMAG - A WALK AROUND THE MOSCOW KREMLIN BY ALEXEY TRUSOV IMEDIATOUR
		The Kremlin is linked to all the most important historical and political events in Russia since the 13th century; it is the stronghold of Moscow and its historical center.
		Most of the city had been inside the Kremlin walls until the 16th century; later it became the official residence of the Czar and a few of the most powerful nobles and the head of the Orthodox Church.
		The Kremlin fortress was one of the most fortified in Europe and enemies never captured the red brick walls with 20 towers.
	vrm.vrway.com /vartist/spotlight/A_WALK_AROUND_THE_MOSCOW_KREMLIN_BY_ALEXEY_TRUSOV_IMEDIATOUR.html (883 words)

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