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Topic: Moscow Peace Treaty (1940)

Related Topics

Continuation War

Sweden and the Winter War

Paris Peace Treaties, 1947

Winter War

Porkkala

History of Finland

Enso (town)

Lapland war

Risto Ryti

Military history of the Soviet Union

	Moscow Peace Treaty (1940) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on March 12, 1940.
		Contrary to common belief, the Soviet troop transfer rights by railway to the Hanko base were not granted in the peace treaty, but they were demanded first on July 9, after Sweden had acknowledged railway transit of Wehrmacht troops to occupied Norway.
		The Enso industrial area, which was clearly on the Finnish side of the border, as it was drawn in the peace treaty, was also soon added to the Finnish losses of territory and equipments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moscow_Peace_Treaty_(1940) (1000 words)

	Continuation War
		The war was formally concluded by the Paris peace treaty of 1947.
		However, on March 29 the Soviet Union declared that an alliance would be in breach of the Moscow Peace Treaty, stalling the plan, and Germany's invasion of Denmark and Norway killed even the option of a smaller Scandinavian Defence Alliance, that would benefit Finland also if she wasn't a party to it.
		Although the peace treaty was signed, the state of war was not revoked because of the widening world war, the difficult food supply situation, and the poor shape of the Finnish military.
	www.cooldictionary.com /words/Continuation-War.wikipedia (5378 words)

	The text of the Moscow Peace Treaty, 12 March 1940
		Within the days from the date this treaty enters into effect, the government of Finland shall withdraw all its military forces from Hanko Cape, which together with its adjoining islands shall be transferred to the jurisdiction of the U.S.S.R. in accordance with this article of the treaty.
		As provided in the treaty of 1920, the Soviet Union and its citizens are granted the right of free transit across the Petsamo area to Norway and back, in addition to which the Soviet Union is granted the right to establish a consulate in the Petsamo area.
		Protocol appended to the treaty of peace concluded between Finland and The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on March 12, 1940
	www.winterwar.com /War'sEnd/moscow_peace_treaty.htm (876 words)

	peace
		Peace is generally defined as a state of quiet or tranquillity, as an absence of disturbance or agitation (Latin derivation Pax = Absentia Belli).
		In this sense, peace between and within national states is a goal of many persons and organisations, notably the United Nations.
		Peace can be voluntary, where potential agitators choose to abstain from disturbance, or it can be enforced, by suppressing those who might otherwise cause such disturbance.
	www.fact-library.com /peace.html (157 words)

	Wikinfo \| Continuation War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Specifically for the Continuation War, Finland aimed at reversing her territorial losses under the March 1940 Moscow Peace Treaty and by extending the territory further east, to guarantee the survival of the Finnic brethren in East-Karelia.
		The Moscow Peace Treaty was a veritable chock for the Finns.
		Formal binding bilateral treaties were now sought where Finland formerly had relied on goodwill and national friendship, and the formerly frosty relations to ideological adversaries, as the Soviet Union and the Third Reich, had necessarily to be eased.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Continuation_War (6688 words)

	Treaty Winter War
		Within ten days from the date this treaty enters into effect, the government of Finland shall withdraw all its military forces from Hanko Cape, which together with its adjoining islands shall be transferred to the jurisdiction of the USSR in accordance with this article of the treaty.
		Upon the coming into force of this treaty economic relations between the contacting parties shall be restored, and with this end in view the contracting parties shall enter into negotiations for the conclusion of a trade agreement.
		This treaty of peace shall enter into effect immediately upon being signed, and shall be subject to subsequent ratification.
	www.mosinnagant.net /finland/Winter-War-end.asp (652 words)

	RAILWAYS ALWAYS ON MY MIND
		The Moscow peace treaty in 1940 caused great damage to not only the nation but also to the government railways.
		Peace didn’t last for long and in the summer 1941 timetable was changed again to match the one used during the war.
		Intermediate peace with the Soviet Union began in 1944, but the germans had to be stopped from staying in Finland.
	www.phnet.fi /koulutus/hollola/history.htm (1911 words)

	Paris peace treaties 1947 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Look for Paris peace treaties 1947 in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Paris peace treaties 1947 in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for Paris peace treaties 1947 in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/paris_peace_treaties__1947 (171 words)

	Articles - Winter War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Finland held out until March 1940, when a peace treaty was signed ceding about 10% of Finland's territory, and 20% of its industrial capacity, to the Soviet Union.
		In February 1940 the Allies offered to help: The Allied plan, approved on February 5 by the Allied High Command, consisted of 100,000 British and 35,000 French troops that were to disembark at the Norwegian port of Narvik and support Finland via Sweden while securing the supply routes along the way.
		In the Moscow Peace Treaty of March 12 Finland was forced to cede the Finnish part of Karelia (with Finland's industrial center, including Finland's second largest city Viipuri, in all nearly 10% of the territory), even though large parts still were held by Finland's army.
	www.divxa.com /articles/Winter_War (3835 words)

	Fighter Squadron 21 history, Page 6
		The fourth Winter War era liaison squadron, Squadron 10, was decommissioned in April 1940 and the personnel formed the initial cadre for the new Squadron 30.
		The March 1940 peace treaty in Moscow didn't produce trustworthy relations between Finland and the Soviet Union.
		When connections to the west were cut in summer 1940 it seemed that Germany was the only counterforce against the Soviet Union in the Baltic area and so the Finnish foreign policy leadership searched for closer ties with Germany from June 1940 on.
	www.saunalahti.fi /~fta/ftrsqn21_history_6.htm (1575 words)

	Hanko 1940-41 and Porkkala 1944-56 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the Peace Treaty of Moscow on May 12, 1940 Finland was compelled to lease to the Soviet Union Hanko headland and the town of Hanko for a naval base for a time period of 30 years.
		This was stipulated in the Truce of Moscow on September 19, 1944.
		The lease was confirmed in the Peace Treaty of Paris in 1947.
	www.histdoc.net /history/hanko.html (276 words)

	All words on Continuation War
		Specifically for the Continuation War, Finland aimed at reversing her territorial losses under the March 1940 Moscow Peace Treaty and by extending the territory further east, to guarantee the survival of the Finnic brethren in East-Karelia — thus in effect aiming at creating a Greater Finland, as advocated by vociferous right-wing groups.
		The Moscow Peace Treaty was a veritable shock for the Finns.
		Petsamo crisis had disillusioned Finnish politicians, especially Ryti and Mannerheim, that peaceful existence with Soviet Union was impossible, and the only way Finland would survive in peace would be if Soviet Union is defeated, as Ryti presented it to US ambassador Arthur Schoenfeld April 28.
	www.allwords.org /co/continuation-war.html (9451 words)

	The end of the Winter War
		As the peace negotiations were in the closing phase, the last allied offer arrived, where 57 000 men were promised to come to Finland's aid.
		The peace treaty was eventually signed in the early hours of March 13th, but it was dated to the previous day, the text being dictated by the Soviet Union.
		The Enso (Svetogorsk) industrial area was in the original peace treaty clearly on the Finnish side of the border (as in fact stated by the Finnish-Soviet border committee).
	www.winterwar.com /War'sEnd.htm (3439 words)

	MOSCOW REFUSES TO RATIFY BORDER TREATY WITH ESTONIA - Eurasia Daily Monitor
		The preamble further states that, while the border treaty partly modifies the 1920 treaty-fixed boundary, it does not affect the validity of the Tartu treaty, nor does it predetermine the handling of any bilateral issues unrelated to the border treaty.
		On the legal level, Moscow continues to insist that the Tartu Peace Treaty "lost its validity" and that the 1940 "events" meant that Estonia (and Latvia and Lithuania) "joined" the Soviet Union legally.
		Moscow miscalculated that the absence of border agreements could impede those countries' admission to NATO and the European Union.
	www.jamestown.org /edm/article.php?article_id=2369931 (749 words)

	Tarton Rauha
		Finland had to cede to the Soviet Union by the Moscow peace treaty of 1940, after the Winter War, Finnish Karelia, several islands in the Gulf of Finland, Salla, the coastal territories of Petsamo, on the Arctic Ocean, and to lease the peninsula of Hanko as a military base.
		In the peace treaty after the Continuation War, in September 1944, Finland also had to cede all of Petsamo, and to lease the Porkkala naval base for 50 years.
		The only equal Peace Treaty between Finland and the Soviet Union/Russia was concluded at Tartu in 1920.
	tartonrauha.net /m8.php (1573 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Paris Peace Treaty of 1947 between the Allied and Finland
		In accordance with the Armistice Agreement, the effect of the Peace Treaty between the Soviet Union and Finland concluded in Moscow on 12 March 1940 is restored, subject to the replacement of Articles 4, 5 and 6 of that Treaty by Articles 2 and 4 of the present Treaty.
		Finland undertakes to recognise the full force of the Treaties of Peace with Italy, Roumania, Bulgaria and Hungary and other agreements or arrangements which have been or will be reached by the Allied and Associated Powers in respect of Austria, Germany and Japan for the restoration of peace.
		All such treaties so notified shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=62518 (4505 words)

	Kyosti Kallio Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Kyösti Kallio (1873 — December 19, 1940) was the fourth President of Finland (1937-1940).
		During the war he resisted the idea to give up any territory to the Soviet Union, but was forced to agree to sign the Moscow Peace Treaty.
		He was going to Nivala to his farm after the farewell ceremonies, when he collapsed and died at the Helsinki railway station, before the guard of honor and Marchal Mannerheim.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Kallio_Kyosti.html (451 words)

	ProKarelia
		In November 1940, Foreign Minister Molotov announced to Germany that the Soviet Union intended to apply pressure to solve the Finnish situation.
		Stalin's attack on Finland in autumn 1939 and the severe terms of the peace treaty had naturally fostered general mistrust in Finland concerning the Soviet Union.
		In the summer of 1940, Germany occupied France, and Finland was also completely isolated from Britain by its occupation of Norway.
	www.prokarelia.net /hu?x=reform&y=5-55 (1092 words)

	Finland on GlobalGuide.Org
		Treaties signed in 1947 and 1948 with the Soviet Union included obligations, restraints and reparations on Finland vis-?-vis the Soviet Union as well as further territorial concessions by Finland (compared to the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940).
		The "YYA Treaty" (Finno-Soviet Pact of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics and included a guarantee whereby Finland promised to defend her territory and airspace against Germany or her allies, in practice NATO.
		After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990’s, Finland took that opportunity to free itself from the restrictions imposed on it by the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947.
	www.globalguide.org /?id=410 (3475 words)

	Articles - Continuation War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It seemed as if the losses at the negotiation table, including Finland's second largest city, Viipuri (Vyborg), had been worse than on the battlefield.[1] A fifth of the country's industrial capacity and 11% of agricultural land were lost (the latter made more serious since it was the highest in quality).
		The Petsamo crisis had disillusioned Finnish politicians, especially Ryti and Mannerheim, creating the impression that peaceful co-existence with the Soviet Union was impossible, and that Finland would survive in peace only if the Soviet Union was defeated, as Ryti presented it to US ambassador Arthur Schoenfeld on April 28.
		To Moscow, an independent Finland linked to her by a military pact was seemingly a price worth paying for keeping Sweden formally neutral in the Cold War, a quid pro quo that for forty years safeguarded wider Soviet strategic interests in the region.
	www.divxa.com /articles/Continuation_War (15222 words)

	Peace
		Mary Driver was a president of the International Peace Campaign, Greenwood was an executive member along with Bessie Rischbieth, M.B.Vallance of the WSG and Fred Alexander, who after the war established the WA division of the UN Associations of Australia.
		For all the apparent tension between the conservative and socialist arms of the women's movement it was not uncommon for women to attend meetings of nominally opposed organisations, albeit in unofficial capacities.
		For the feminists involved in the peace movement - and it was the women's organisations which were the real driving force behind the organised peace campaign in Perth - membership of the MAWF could not be unproblematically equated with a sympathy for the broader ideologies of communism.
	wwwmcc.murdoch.edu.au /ReadingRoom/Richo/Peace.html (1386 words)

	Major agreements since 1940. (from treaty) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		The agreements assume a variety of form and style, but they are all governed by the law of treaties, which is part of customary international law.
		According to modern diplomatic usage, the term treaty is confined to particularly significant international agreements.
		The Treaty of Washington, signed on May 8, 1871, dealt with the Alabama claims issue between the...
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-209015 (862 words)

	Finland, hotels, cars, information, tips
		The Finnish—Russian border was agreed on first with the Treaty of Tartu in 1920.
		Treaties signed in 1947 and 1948 with the Soviet Union included obligations and restraints on Finland vis-à-vis the Soviet Union as well as further territorial concessions by Finland (compared to the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940).
		The "YYA Treaty" (Finno-Soviet Pact of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) gave Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics.
	www.flights-and-hotels.com /finland (2744 words)

	EVENTS 1940
		His peace and national salvation movement as well as the preparation for a new central government have made rapid headway since the Sixth Kuomintang National Congress which was held in Shanghai in August of last year." Japan, Vol.
		The people of the United States are greatly concerned by the indications of the past few days which would seem to show that there was an increasing possibility of the extension of the European War to the Mediterranean area.
		Since this is difficult in the present stage of human progress, the next best thing is for peoples who are related geographically, racially, culturally, and economically to form spheres of their own.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/events/1940.html (8124 words)

	comen7
		After several bitter years of fighting the peace treaty of 1323 between the two powers brought an end to the warring.
		In Sport the country excelled and the Olympic games were to be held in Helsinki in 1940, but the out-break of World War 2 resulted in it being postponed until 1952.
		However it was never likely that the Finnish army would succeed against the Soviet War machine and in the end a peace treaty was drawn up in Moscow on March 13th 1940.
	www.iol.ie /~pemsch/project99/comen6.htm (1686 words)

	List of treaties - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is a chronological list of important international treaties, agreements, peaces, etc..
		1648 - Peace of Westphalia (The treaties of Munster and Osnabrück)
		1839 - Treaty of London, guaranteeing the neutrality of Belgium
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /l/li/list_of_treaties.html (419 words)

	World War 2 History - Part 2
		In the Moscow Peace Treaty, March 12, Finland ceded 10% of her territory.
		The Finns were embittered over having lost more land in the peace than on the battle fields, and over the seemingly little use of the whole world's sympathy.
		Germany's presense proximate to northernmost Finland, and its Nickel mines, were perceived as an improvement of the strategical situation by the Finns.
	www.world-war-2.info /history/index2.php (872 words)

	ipedia.com: Moscow Peace Treaty (1940) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Peace Agreement was signed on March 12.
		Finland was forced to cede nearly all of Finnish Karelia (with Finland's industrial center, including Finland's second largest city Viipuri; in total, nearly 10% of the territory), even though large parts were still held by Finland's army.
		It seemed as if more territory was lost in the peace than in the war.
	www.ipedia.com /moscow_peace_treaty__1940_.html (784 words)

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