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	Show trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term show trial describes a type of public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt of the defendant: the actual trial has as its only goal to present the accusation and the verdict to the public as an impressive example and as a warning.
		Show trials, which often take place under authoritarian régimes, albeit some-times in a democratic country, far more often than not have the purpose of eliminating or suppressing the political opponents of an organization, such as a current government or a church.
		Such trials usually deal with corrupt or otherwise truly guilty high-profile officials, who have already ensured their vindication through money or influence, but whom the government decides to "show-prosecute" in order to make the public believe in the judiciary system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Show_trials (570 words)

	Moscow Trials - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first trial was of 16 members of the so-called "Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre," held in August 1936, at which the chief defendants were Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, two of the most prominent former party leaders.
		The third trial, in March 1938, included 21 defendants alleged to belong to the so-called "Bloc of Rightists and Trotskyites," led by Nikolai Bukharin, former head of the Communist International, former Prime Minister Alexei Rykov, Christian Rakovsky and Nikolai Krestinsky.
		The Trial of the Twenty-One was held in March 1938.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moscow_Trials (1464 words)

	Encyclopedia: Moscow Trials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The term show trial serves most commonly to label a type of public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt of the accused: the actual trial has as its only goal to present the accusation and the verdict to the public as an impressive example and...
		A secret trial is a trial that is not open to the public, nor reported in the news.
		The Trial of the Twenty One was the last of the Moscow Trials —Stalinist show trials of prominent Bolsheviks.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Moscow-Trials (3513 words)

	Moscow Trials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first trial was held from August 19 to August 24, 1936 ; the principal defendants were Gregory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev.
		The 1937 trial of Red Army generals was a secret trial under the military tribunal, unlike the Moscow show trial s; however, it featured the same level of frame-up of the defendants and it is traditionally considered one of the key trials of the Great Purge.
		Moscow Area Map Shows where Moscow is in relation to Austin, Albert Lea, and surrounding communities.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Moscow_Trials.html (754 words)

	Moscow Trials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Aside from these two, several other prominent leaders were on trial: Vagarshak Arutyunovich Ter-Vaganyan, leader of the Armenian Communist Party; Sergei Mrachkovsky, a hero of the Russian Civil War in Siberia and the Russian Far East; and Ivan Nikitich Smirnov, People's Commissar for communications.
		The 1937 trial of Red Army generals was a secret trial under the military tribunal, unlike the Moscow show trials; however, it featured the same level of frame-up of the defendants and it is traditionally considered one of the key trials of the Great Purge.
		And in the United States, the Dewey Commission concluded: "We therefore find the Moscow Trials to be frame-ups.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/moscow_trials (596 words)

	Encyclopedia: Great Purges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Between 1936 and 1938 three Moscow Trials of former senior Communist Party leaders were held.
		Of 1,966 delegates to the 17th Communist Party congress in 1934 (the last congress before the trials), 1,108 were arrested and nearly all died.
		Although the trials of former Soviet leaders were widely publicized the hundreds of thousands of other arrests and executions were not.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Great-Purges (3075 words)

	Barley Enhancement Program: 1999 Annual Report
		The Moscow trial was not harvested because of extensive winterkill in the trial.
		The nursery of 50 entries was planted in Moscow on Sept. 24, 1998, Kimberly on Oct. 7, 1998, and in Parma on Oct. 6, 1998.
		The trial was grown at Moscow and Bonners Ferry.
	www.ag.uidaho.edu /cereals/bep/99reprt.htm (4697 words)

	Not Guilty — Dewey Commission Report (1937) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Moscow Trials, which lasted from 1936 to 1938, will go down as the greatest frame-up in history, far greater than the Spanish Inquisition.
		The trials, which were based on false concessions tortured from the accused, liquidated the entire Bolshevik old guard in a series of judicial murders, and were the means by which Stalin consolidated his power as head of the bureaucratic caste that ruled the Soviet Union.
		The Commission’s hearings, which were held to investigate the charges made against Trotsky in the Moscow Trials, took place in Mexico City between 10 and 17 April 1937.
	www.marxist.com /announcements/dewey_commission.htm (237 words)

	Moscow Show Trials - Moscow Stop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For Nikolai Bukharin, himself condemned and shot during the last of the three show trials held in Moscow, the worst aspect of the...
		Moscow show trials; however, it featured the same level of frame-up of the defendants and it is traditionally considered one of the key trials...
		Kadri proceeds to examine the Moscow show trials and, not unrelatedly, the development of the international justice movement (it was Stalin...
	www.ahabcbc.ca /moscow-show-trials.html (450 words)

	60 years since the Dewey Commission
		The Moscow Trials arose out of Stalin's acute awareness of the disaffection of the Soviet working class and his fear of the criticisms of his political blunders and despotism by Trotsky and the opposition which Trotsky led.
		Whereas in the trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev, the leaders of the alleged "Trotskyite conspiracy" were said to have been motivated solely by a personal lust for power, in the trial of Radek and Piatakov the accused were charged with plotting in alliance with Germany and Japan to dismember the Soviet Union and restore capitalism.
		The Moscow trials do not dishonor the old generation of Bolsheviks; they only demonstrate that even Bolsheviks are made of flesh and blood, and that they do not resist endlessly when over their heads swings the pendulum of death.
	www.wsws.org /public_html/iwb5-19/dewey.htm (6642 words)

	The Moscow Trials Shoot the Mad Dogs!
		The victory of the apparatus was to culminate in theinfamous Moscow Trials of 1936-38 where the 'Old Bolsheviks', including Trotsky, who ledthe October Revolution, were accused of counter-revolutionary activity, sabotage, murder,and collaboration with fascism.
		At the conclusion of the Trial, Vyshinsky for the prosecution declared: 'I demand that weshoot the mad dogs - every single one of them!' Despite the pleas for mercy submitted bythe Sixteen - which they were led to believe would be honoured - within a matter of hoursthey were taken out and shot.
		With the collapse of Hitler Germany in 1945 and the Nuremberg Trials, which laid bare theNazi regime and their collaborators, not one word or document was found to prove theslightest connection between Trotsky and the Gestapo.
	www.newyouth.com /archives/historicalanalysis/russia/moscow_trials_20000301.asp (1728 words)

	Max Shachtman: The Moscow Trial (1936) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Of the hundreds and perhaps thousands arrested for the purposes of the trial, it is significant that only a small handful were found who could be prevailed upon to make the “confessions” that fell in so neatly with every charge of the prosecution.
		Within the confines of the secret bargain, some of the defendants nevertheless tried their best to convey to the world the fraudulent character of their “confessions” by such exaggeratedly abject humility and acquiescence in the most outrageous charges, as could only lead to the conclusion that they were burlesquing the whole affair.
		Unless the trial took place on some distant planet, peopled by unimaginable creature, such replies to a prosecutor can be construed only as an attempt, however inadequate from a revolutionary standpoint, to tell the world that none of the utterances of the defendants is to be taken seriously or at face value.
	www.marxists.org /archive/shachtma/works/sa02.htm (1981 words)

	The Great Famine-Genocide in Soviet Ukraine (Holodomor)
		The Moscow Trials indicted the principal leaders of the October 1917 revolution-the exiled Trotsky being the foremost defendant-as fascist collaborators supposedly guilty of crimes ranging from industrial sabotage to plots to poison the population's water supply and assassinate Stalin.
		For example: at the first trial, held in August of 1936, a supposed 1932 meeting in Copenhagen of an alleged conspirator with Trotsky's son, Leon Sedov, was said to have taken place at the Hotel Bristol.
		At the second trial, held in January of 1937, one of the accused, former head of Soviet industry Yuri Piatakov, was said to have flown to Oslo in December 1935.
	www.artukraine.com /famineart/duranty52.htm (1612 words)

	02Intro
		The nursery of 50 entries was planted at Jerome on Oct. 3, 2000, Parma on Oct. 17, 2000 and at Moscow on Oct. 3, 2000.
		The WSBN is a regional trial that is grown throughout the western spring barley region.
		This trial contained 50 entries and was grown as part of the BEP trials at Genesee and Bonners Ferry.
	www.uidaho.edu /cereals/bep/01report.htm (4166 words)

	Ashcroft’s Gulag by Harvey Silverglate
		A public trial was not an option for Faris; his choice was either to plead guilty or be detained indefinitely, incommunicado, as an "enemy combatant." Under such circumstances, any information he may have provided implicating Abdi must be considered dubious at best.
		To an observer unfamiliar with Faris’s unusual situation, the case against Abdi sounds pretty straightforward, typical of cases involving state witnesses: in an effort to reduce his long prison sentence, Faris must have ratted on his former partner-in-crime to federal investigators and then to a grand jury, resulting in Abdi’s indictment.
		And, of course, we have no idea what other harsh methods federal interrogators may have used to win Faris’s cooperation, now that, in the aftermath of Abu Ghraib, we understand the repertoire of persuasive techniques in their arsenal (see "Advice of Counsel: Torture Is Okay," This Just In, June 18).
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig5/silverglate3.html (1179 words)

	Moscow Trials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Some trials already have been conducted or are under way in South Africa...
		MOSCOW -- Chechnya's top warlord said Monday he was behind last week's deadly assault...
		He is introducing elections of regional governors, jury trials and e-government.
	moscow-trials.wikiverse.org (685 words)

	Great Purges
		Much was said in the Moscow trial about it, as one of the motives of my politics.
		There is a tragic symbolism in the fact that the Moscow trial is ending under the fanfare announcing the entry of Hitler into Austria.
		The trial of Bukharin and his fellow oppositionists has broken about the ears of the world like the detonation of a bomb.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSpurge.htm (3224 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Memories of the Moscow Trials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		More than any other series of events abroad, the Moscow Trials of 1936-37 were a turning point in the history of American liberalism.
		The Moscow Trials taught me that any conception of socialism that rejected the centrality of moral values was only an ideological disguise for totalitarianism.
		...The first news of the trials promptly elicited from Trotsky a ringing denial of any guilt, together with a counteraccusation that the trials were an elaborate frame-up and that the defendants had been tortured into playing self-incriminating roles...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V77I3P59-1.htm (4986 words)

	Trotsky vs. Stalin, and the Moscow Trials
		The campaign reached its climax in 1936-38 when the world was treated to the macabre spectacle of the Moscow Trials, of which Stalin was the author, stage manager, producer, and prompter though he never appeared in court.
		What made the Moscow spectacle so exceptionally hallucinatory in its sadism and masochism was the depth of self-humiliation into which the twentieth century tyrant hurled his broken adversaries denying them all possibility to defend their honour and die in dignity.
		The Trial of the Sixteen set the pattern for all the Moscow trials that were to follow.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/deutscher.html (21120 words)

	Moscow Trials: August 19 (morning) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Vyshinsky: At the trial in Leningrad, on January 15-16, 1935, when facing the court as you do now, you emphatically asserted that you had nothing to do with that murder.
		At this conference, at which Karev, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Evdokimov and Bakayev were present, it was decided to form a Moscow centre and a Leningrad centre for the purpose of combining the terrorist groups.
		Continuing, Evdokimov states with reference to the facts concerning the preparations for assassination of S. Kirov, that in the summer of 1934 a conference was held in Kamenov's apartment in Moscow at which Kamenev, Zinoviev, Evdokimov, Sokolnikov,Ter-Vaganyan, Reingold and Bakayev were present.
	www.marxists.org /history/ussr/government/law/1936/moscow-trials/19/evdokimov.htm (870 words)

	A Moment in Time: Moscow Show Trials (Great Purge) - III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lead: The Moscow Show Trials in the 1930s were just the public feature of the Great Purge that eliminated all opposition in the Soviet Union.
		Content: The public trials were the outward display of a widespread elimination of potential dissidents in Soviet society.
		One of the remarkable aspects of these trials is that western left-wing intellectuals and observers including U.S. Ambassador Joseph Davies and New York Times Pulitzer Prize-winning Moscow correspondent Walter Duranty, accepted the trumped up charges without question.
	ehistory.osu.edu /world/amit/display.cfm?amit_id=2383 (324 words)

	Socialism Today - Trotsky in Norway
		The Moscow trials were riddled with such glaring incongruities.
		The show trials, relying solely on made-to-order confessions, were the means by which Stalin justified the purges.
		Those who could not be broken by the GPU were shot after bogus 'secret trials' as happened with eight senior Red Army officers, headed by the legendary Mikhail Tukhachevsky, who were executed as 'agents of Hitler' in June 1937.
	www.socialismtoday.org /49/norway.html (2796 words)

	The Moscow Trials
		The victory of the apparatus was to culminate in the infamous Moscow Trials of 1936-38 where the 'Old Bolsheviks', including Trotsky, who led the October Revolution, were accused of counter-revolutionary activity, sabotage, murder, and collaboration with fascism.
		The weakness of the prosecutor's case was demonstrated by the inconsistencies and falsehoods in the testimonies given at the trial.
		With the collapse of Hitler Germany in 1945 and the Nuremberg Trials, which laid bare the Nazi regime and their collaborators, not one word or document was found to prove the slightest connection between Trotsky and the Gestapo.
	www.trotsky.net /trotsky_year/moscow_trials.html (3872 words)

	IW235: June 14, 1997: 60 years since the
		However, an objective examination of the Moscow Trials, of which the investigation by the Dewey Commission forms the most comprehensive exposure, demonstrates that the frame-ups were not the product of Marxism or Bolshevism, but rather their counterrevolutionary opposite -- Stalinism.
		The scepticism toward the trial was reinforced by the exposure of obvious lies and impossible contradictions in the testimony of many of the accused.
		The Moscow trials do not dishonour the old generation of Bolsheviks; they only demonstrate that even Bolsheviks are made of flesh and blood, and that they do not resist endlessly when over their heads swings the pendulum of death.
	www.socialequality.org.uk /iw/235/12a235.htm (6736 words)

	Moscow Show Trials - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Moscow Show Trials were a series of legal purges from 1936-8 aimed at old party comrades who knew Stalin was only a minor player in the bolshevik revolution.
		The trials fostered fear in the west: "How could top communist leaders POSSIBLY admit to conspiracy against their own party through crimes they couldn't have committed?" The stranger the ideology, or reversal of said, the target accepts, the greater the inferred power of their interrogators.
		The trials may have had a predetermined outcome, but the soviets actually did meticulously gather evidence and testimony against the person.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=175722 (2354 words)

	The case of Fenner Brockway
		Fifty years ago the third and most grotesque of the Moscow trials was staged.
		But to make matters worse, the attempts to refute the allegations made against Trotsky in all of the trials were hampered by those who, whatever their political differences with Trotsky, may have been expected to have defended him against the Stalinists' slanders.
		In August, directly after the Zinoviev trial, the New Leader (28 August 1936), of which Brockway is the responsible editor, wrote: "We think it is the duty of the International Working Class Movement to appoint a Commission of Investigation.
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol1/No1/Brockway.html (1562 words)

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