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Topic: Moscow show trials

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	Moscow Trials - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		4.2 Trial of Radek and Piatakov (Trial of the Seventeen)
		The Trial of the Twenty-One was held in March 1938.
		The Trial of the 21 Editors, New International, April 1938; analysis of the trial of Bukharin, Rykov et al.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moscow_Trials (1830 words)

	Show trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term show trial describes a type of public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt of the defendant: the actual trial has as its only goal to present the accusation and the verdict to the public as an impressive example and as a warning.
		Show trials, which often take place under authoritarian régimes, albeit sometimes in a democratic country, far more often than not have the purpose of eliminating or suppressing the political opponents of an organization, such as a current government or a church.
		British jurist F.J.P. Veale implied, in his book "Advance to Barbarism" that the 1946 Nuremberg Trials of Nazi leaders amounted to a form of show trial, as the judgments were not rendered by a disinterested party, which is a key element of independent judicial integrity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Show_trials (438 words)

	[No title]
		If the court is some risible tribunal like the World Court and the trial is merely a vehicle for these goons to justify their crimes in from of the world, then caution is wise.
		The trial was rather the drama of fully exposing the ghastly extent of their guilt.
		When the trials were over, when film of the ghastly stacks of emaciated corpses was run, when the lips of victims of Earth made Hell spoke, then the pride of Aryan superiority quivered and broke, then the chance for a Second Versailles vanished, then the German people felt shame.
	www.enterstageright.com /archive/articles/1001/1001trial.txt (1368 words)

	Moscow Show Trials - Moscow Stop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For Nikolai Bukharin, himself condemned and shot during the last of the three show trials held in Moscow, the worst aspect of the...
		Moscow show trials; however, it featured the same level of frame-up of the defendants and it is traditionally considered one of the key trials...
		Kadri proceeds to examine the Moscow show trials and, not unrelatedly, the development of the international justice movement (it was Stalin...
	www.ahabcbc.ca /moscow-show-trials.html (450 words)

	Mongolia Today - online magazine \| Moscow and Buddhists
		Historical documents show that the new regime in Mongolia was carefully crafted under watchful eye of the Komintern and Moscow.
		To behead the Buddhist religious institution several show trials involving high priests were staged to prove their "counter-revolutionary activities." All other priests, heads of monasteries, saints and those having teological degrees were arrested and executed.
		P.Genden was blamed of "delaying" the implementation of Moscow instructions to "surround and eliminate Buddhist monks." The open conflict with the "leader of all nations of the world" cost Genden his lfe.
	www.mongoliatoday.com /issue/6/buddhist_moscow.html (611 words)

	The new Moscow: Experimental cool - Travel & Dining - International Herald Tribune
		MOSCOW Enter into the cavernous nightclub where three middle-aged men are playing industrial music on homemade electric instruments while young men in fl and young women with bared midriffs gyrate on the dance floor.
		Walking the streets of Moscow, one cannot help but notice all the fashionable clothes and a preponderance of low-cut pants, pierced navels and a general sense of overt sensuality that seems incongruous among the city's stark monuments and buildings.
		Moscow's skyline is currently a forest of construction cranes and new office and apartment buildings.
	www.iht.com /articles/2005/08/28/travel/trmoscow.php (1688 words)

	Fresh Food Diets for Dogs
		The NRC requirements are derived from feeding trials in which nutrient levels at which deficiency diseases, or occasionally diseases of excess, develop are determined.
		Many pet food manufacturers do not conduct feeding trials, but use on-paper analysis and add excess nutrients in hopes that any adverse nutrient interactions will be overcome and enough of everything will be present to prevent deficiencies as the animal's body utilizes the food.
		The feeding trials required for AAFCO certification (Association of American Feed Control Officials) are short in duration (6 months or less depending on the specific trial), require very few animals (under 10), and have limited requirements, such as mortality not above a certain percentage and weight maintained within certain parameters.
	www.moscowfood.coop /archive/freshfood2.html (699 words)

	Books in the Law: The Trial A History, from Socrates to O.J. Simpson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Kadri provides a chapter on the Moscow show trials of the 1930s in which thousands of innocent people were tortured into confessing and then tried and executed on the basis of their confessions.
		The 1945 Nuremberg trials of 21 leading Nazi war criminals was insisted upon by the same Joseph Stalin who had orchestrated the nightmarish trials in the Soviet Union.
		Perhaps most potent of all, the criminal trial literally enacts the meaning of human dignity, showing a civilization that treats its most despicable enemies with respect—presuming them innocent, confronting them as equals, and giving them a champion to argue their cause.
	www.dcbar.org /for_lawyers/washington_lawyer/november_2005/books.cfm (1474 words)

	Presidency
		Moscow the Third Rome is rather the hallmark of that priesthood known as the Russian Orthodox Church.
		Members of Sophia's entourage came to Moscow with letters from the Venetian Signoria which certified Sophia as the true heiress to the Byzantine throne (a matter about which there was some doubt), and specified that the man who married her would in effect become the Byzantine Emperor.
		Dostoevsky was born in Moscow in 1821 as the son of a resident doctor in a charity hospital.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/goya/42/venecia/3rdrome.htm (19109 words)

	In Moscow, the Old Party Is Gone and a New One Beckons - New York Times
		The pond, immortalized in the opening scene of Mikhail Bulgakov's satirical novel, "The Master and Margarita," is the center of a revitalized neighborhood a mile northwest of the Kremlin where expatriates and young families reside amid a smattering of cozy restaurants and music cafes.
		Despite significant burdens of terrorism and social and economic instability, Moscow seems to savor its new role as one of those few places, most notably New York and London, where wealth and creative talent will accumulate no matter what the state of the rest of the country.
		Beggars were rare on the Metro then, and the wide social gulf was between the powerful and ordinary citizens, not between the superrich and the rest of the population.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/08/28/travel/28moscow.html?ex=1282881600&en=4aecbe6f311ed992&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (1150 words)

	Great Purges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Stalin came to the conclusion that, if he could prove that Zinoviev and Kamenev and other leaders of the opposition had shed the blood of Kirov, "the beloved son of the party", a member of the Politburo, he then would be justified in demanding blood for blood.
		Much was said in the Moscow trial about it, as one of the motives of my politics.
		There is a tragic symbolism in the fact that the Moscow trial is ending under the fanfare announcing the entry of Hitler into Austria.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSpurge.htm (3224 words)

	The Commissar Vanishes
		As secretary of the Moscow Party organization, Zelensky served on the commission that arranged the burial of Lenin in 1924.
		The third and last Moscow show trial took place in the House of Trade Unions in March 1938, where Zelensky appeared alongside twenty other defendants, the most prominent of whom was Nikolai Bukharin.
		For his endeavors at the trials, Vyshinsky was rewarded by Stalin with a seat on the Central Committee.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/k/king-commissar.html (2474 words)

	Russian Revolution/Stalinism
		The core where state control was partial consisted of Moscow and a few other large cities, whereas the vast majority of the countryside stood beyond the reach of the Party and made it impossible to assert efficient control.
		With the Great Terror, Fitzpatrick adamantly claims the Moscow Show Trials cannot be used as the archetype because rural trials (away from Moscow) were straightforward and did not originate from the Kremlin.
		As a result, society accepted the show trials and the mass arrests of 1937-1938 as necessary to defend the state.
	www.uweb.ucsb.edu /~zeppelin/russianrev.htm (3081 words)

	A Moment in Time: Moscow Show Trials (Great Purge) - III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Lead: The Moscow Show Trials in the 1930s were just the public feature of the Great Purge that eliminated all opposition in the Soviet Union.
		Content: The public trials were the outward display of a widespread elimination of potential dissidents in Soviet society.
		The Show Trials and the secret purges claimed millions of lives, filled the work camps of the Gulag in Siberia and stripped the Red Army of its best leadership.
	ehistory.osu.edu /world/amit/display.cfm?amit_id=2383 (338 words)

	The Moscow Trials
		The victory of the apparatus was to culminate in the infamous Moscow Trials of 1936-38 where the 'Old Bolsheviks', including Trotsky, who led the October Revolution, were accused of counter-revolutionary activity, sabotage, murder, and collaboration with fascism.
		The weakness of the prosecutor's case was demonstrated by the inconsistencies and falsehoods in the testimonies given at the trial.
		With the collapse of Hitler Germany in 1945 and the Nuremberg Trials, which laid bare the Nazi regime and their collaborators, not one word or document was found to prove the slightest connection between Trotsky and the Gestapo.
	www.trotsky.net /trotsky_year/moscow_trials.html (3872 words)

	Yugoslav tribunal asks UN to help exhume alleged victims of former Kosovo prime minister
		The trial of Saddam is similar in nature; Saddam can never be allowed to go free, he is a danger even in exile, he is a danger even in his cell as insurgents plan attacks to free him.
		The Moscow show trials of the 1930s were entirely different in character from the ICTY.
		I don't like the European model of trials as a whole but the quality of the ICTY is markedly different than the show trials.
	freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1722761/posts (1827 words)

	[No title]
		They were the ones, the bomb throwers and the conspirators, who had known hard-labor imprisonment and real prison terms -- but even they had never in their lives experienced a genuinely merciless interrogation (because such a thing did not exist at all in Tsarist Russia).
		The Party leaders who were the defendants in the trials of 1936 to 1938 had, in their revolutionary pasts, known short, easy imprisonment, short periods in exile, and had never even had a whiff of hard labor.
		True, the directors of this dramatic production seem to have had a harder task in selecting the performer than they'd had in the earlier trials of the engineers: in those trials they had forty barrels to pick from, so to speak, whereas here the available troupe was small.
	www.rasmusen.org /w/04.03.22a.htm (628 words)

	[No title]
		In the years 1935-1938 the great Moscow show trials destroyed the top echelon of Party leadership while a large number of less dramatic trials led to the execution of hundreds of thousands of Communists.
		Boris Groys shows that the Moscow trials of 1936-38 persuaded contemporaries that seemingly quite normal persons were capable of the most terrible deeds.
		Camp officials organized show trials in the camps to heal Oppositionist souls. Nemchinova, an imprisoned Trotskyist, recalled that in the early 1930s "library access was free.
	www.tau.ac.il /~russia/cvs/Faculty/Halfin/Intro1.doc (14977 words)

	M. Weber: The Nuremberg Trials and the Holocaust. Do the "War Crimes" Trials Prove Extermination?
		It was obvious during the Dachau trials, and it also came out unmistakably and only poorly disguised during the Nuremberg trials, that the prosecution authorities, among whom Jews predominated, were driven by blind hatred and obvious lust for revenge.
		During the course of the trial, Frank was overcome by a deep sense of Christian repentance.
		Former Auschwitz camp adjutant and SS Captain Robert Mulka, the main defendant in the trial, was pronounced guilty of participation in mass murder and sentenced to 14 years at hard labor, a verdict that many outsiders considered outrageously lenient.
	www.vho.org /GB/Journals/JHR/12/2/Weber167-213.html (13348 words)

	A Moment in Time: Moscow Show Trials (Great Purge) - II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A Moment in Time: Moscow Show Trials (Great Purge) - II You are on the "old" eHistory pages: click here for the NEW eHistory site!
		Lead: During the 1930s in a series of Show Trials, secret trials and executions, Josef Stalin at last eliminated all opposition to his personal domination of Soviet political life.
		One of the most important features of this purge was a series of three Show Trials in Moscow.
	ehistory.osu.edu /world/amit/display.cfm?amit_id=2382 (383 words)

	Moscow Show Trials on the Charles
		And despite the fact that three out of four Harvard students supported Summers, despite the fact that deans at every graduate school supported him, despite the fact that Summers has restored Harvard's image as a moderate left, not radical left, institution, this is the end for El Presidente.
		"All of which goes to show that for Harvard professors, the university doesn't matter.
		All that matters is that professors be allowed to pick up their fat paychecks, sit in their tenure-sized offices, spout what they want to spout and buy off students with easy A's.
	www.michnews.com /cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/259/11898/printer (541 words)

	The New Yorker: PRINTABLES
		In the terrible winter of 1938, just before the last of the Moscow show trials, the Soviet secret police arrested a woman named Olga Guber for having failed to denounce her anti-Soviet husband.
		When Grossman returned to Moscow from his trip to the front, his car dented by shrapnel after he had barely escaped the German capture of Orel, his editor immediately demanded to know why he hadn’t described the “heroic defense of Orel.” Grossman answered that there had been no defense of Orel, heroic or otherwise.
		Halted outside Moscow in December, the Germans resumed their offensive in the south as soon as the snow melted.
	www.newyorker.com /printables/critics/060306crbo_books (4188 words)

	Ashcroft Gets His Pound of Flesh by William L. Anderson and Candice Jackson
		Indeed, this system does work — it works as well as anything Josef Stalin created in the 1930s with his infamous "Moscow Show Trials," in which guilt was assured, and the only question was the mode of execution.
		Most likely, Stewart had convinced herself that she would be taking part in a real trial with real evidence and an impartial jury.
		Even her post-trial statement, "I believe in the fairness of the judicial system and remain confident that I will ultimately prevail," reflects the naïveté of someone who actually believes that federal courts are real courts.
	www.lewrockwell.com /anderson/anderson87.html (946 words)

	President's column
		A body of social science evidence shows that when systematically practiced by state-sanctioned police, military or destructive cults, mind control can induce false confessions, create converts who willingly torture or kill "invented enemies," engage indoctrinated members to work tirelessly, give up their money--and even their lives--for "the cause."
		It seems to me that at the heart of the controversy over the existence of mind control is a bias toward believing in the power of people to resist the power of situational forces, a belief in individual will power and faith to overcome all evil adversity.
		In Stalin's Moscow show trials, his adversaries publicly confessed to their treasons.
	www.apa.org /monitor/nov02/pc.html (654 words)

	MemeFirst: The Return of the Show Trials
		According to the NYT the latest ploy of the US government in its upcoming "trials" of "illegal combatant terrorist suspects" is to prevent them from trying to demonstrate that their confessions were coerced, by stating that the technical process of extracting confessions (which we all know about already) is a matter of state secrecy.
		The Saddam trial would have been a much better opportunity for a proper show trial - Saddam, after all, is by far the highest-profile political adversary of the man you laughably refer to as George "Stalin" Bush - but this opportunity was missed.
		Claude, maybe the show trials were equally and simultaneously "I am well powerful" nose-rubbing, as well as an effort to convince the wetter parts of the communist and socialist world that the USSR was a nation of socialist law.
	www.memefirst.com /001497.html (5904 words)

	CONTEXT - This Week in Arts and Ideas from The Moscow Times
		The fourth, from Yugoslavia's leader Josip Tito, warned Stalin to "stop sending assassins to murder me" or "I will send one man to Moscow and there will be no need to send another." The fifth letter came from Nikolai Bukharin and, in Roy Medvedev's telling, makes for the most interesting and vivid chapter.
		Potential rivals were steadily destroyed, most famously in the three Moscow show trials from 1936 to 1938.
		Bukharin survived until the final trial, but by 1930 he had already lost the power struggle.
	context.themoscowtimes.com /index.php?aid=131381 (1150 words)

	OpinionJournal - TASTE COMMENTARY
		Ryder's trial is being met with equal parts Schadenfreude and ambivalence by Angelenos.
		And this trial interprets "a jury of one's peers" literally: Former Sony head Peter Guber is one of the dozen citizens who will now deliberate Ms.
		Hence, Winona Ryder misses a court date after having her arm broken by overzealous TV cameramen; by the time she does show up, her sling is mysteriously on the wrong arm.
	www.opinionjournal.com /forms/printThis.html?id=110002561 (961 words)

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