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Karl Marx

	Moses Hess
		Moses Hess was born in Bonn to an orthodox Jewish family.
		Hess contributed toward Marx's "Communist Manifesto" written in 1848 in particular the term "religion as the opium of the masses."Following the unification of Italy, the rise of nationalism in that country and the emergence of German antisemitism, Hess returned to his Jewish roots.
		Hess died in Paris although at his request was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Cologne.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/hess.html (193 words)

	Moses Hess - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hess received a Jewish religious education from his grandfather, and later studied philosophy at the University of Bonn, but never graduated.
		Hess originally advocated Jewish integration into the universalist socialist movement, and was a friend and collaborator of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
		However, Hess became reluctant to base all history on economic causes and class struggle, and he came to see the struggle of races, or nationalities, as the prime factor of past history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moses_Hess (486 words)

	Moses Hess (1812-1875)
		Hess helped found the first socialist daily newspaper in Cologne, and became its Paris correspondent at the end of 1842, moving to Belgium in 1845 where he was active in communist activities, and returning to Paris in 1848-1849.
		A Prussian subject, Hess was expelled from France at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian war.
		Although he was attacked by Marx and Engels in their Communist Manifesto, Hess was the first to recognize Marx's greatness, and found himself strongly influenced by Marx, 1846-1851, without becoming a Marxist.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/100/people/BIOS/hess.html (538 words)

	Moses Hess - (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Moses Hess (1812–1875), born Moritz Hess in Bonn, Germany, he changed his name to Moses to show his adherence to Judaism, married a prostitute in defiance of the existing moral standards which he held in contempt, was an early apostle of socialism, and a precursor to what would later be called Zionism.
		Hess contemplated the rise of Italian nationalism and the German reaction to it, and from this he arrived at the idea of Jewish national revival, and at his prescient understanding that the Germans would not be tolerant of the national aspirations of others and would be particularly intolerant of the Jews.
		Moses Hess: Rome and Jerusalem at Zionism on the Webde:Moses Hess
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Moses_Hess (585 words)

	Moses Hess Summary and Analysis Summary
		Moses Hess (June 21, 1812 - April 6, 1875) was a German philosopher who is considered one of the founders of communism and zionism.
		Hess, Moses(1812–1877) Moses Hess, the socialist journalist and organizer and intellectual precursor of Zionism, often called the father of German socialism, was born in Bonn of Jewish parents.
		Moses (Moshe) Hess (June 21, 1812 – April 6, 1875) was a secular Jewish philosopher and one of the founders of socialism.
	www.bookrags.com /Moses_Hess (231 words)

	Moses Hess
		Moses Hess was among the first champions of the modern idea of Jewish national revival, based on the ideas of social justice.
		Hess was born in Bonn (Prussia) in 1812, four years after the conquest of the town by Napoleon's army and the abolition of its Jewish Ghetto.
		Hess remained firm in his conviction that social ethics are the foundation of social action and the real object of philosophy.
	www.wzo.org.il /en/resources/view.asp?id=1653&subject=78 (6556 words)

	Max Stirner: Recensenten Stirners (english / deutsch)
		Hess fragt: "Was ist zunächst der Egoismus überhaupt, und worin besteht der Unterschied zwischen dem egoistischen Leben und dem Leben in der Liebe?" — Schon diese Frage zeigt seine Verwandtschaft mit den beiden Vorhergehenden.
		In Hess ist alles, alles — was zum Menschen gehört; dem Hess fehlt auch nicht ein Titelchen von dem, was den Menschen zum Menschen macht.
		Ein ganz anderer Umstand ist der, dass Hess nicht bloss Mensch, sondern ein ganz einziger Mensch ist.
	www.lsr-projekt.de /poly/enrec.html (17087 words)

	Moses Hess Research \| Find Moses Hess Articles \| Encyclopedia.com: FREE Online Dictionary, Encyclopedia, Articles And ...
		Hess played a prominent role in transforming Hegelian theory by conceiving of man as the initiator of history rather than as a mere observer.
		He was reluctant to base all human destiny on economic causes and class struggle, and he came to see the struggle of races, or nationalities, as the prime factor of past history.
		Ken Koltun-Fromm's Moses Hess and Modern Jewish Identity is one of the...
	www.encyclopedia.com /topic/Moses_Hess.aspx (695 words)

	Sydney Hook: Karl Marx and Moses Hess (1934)
		Hess was not only unacquainted with the German working classes, he was even unaware of the existence of communistic groups among the German workers in Paris.
		Hess left it unexplained how this belief in the essential unity of mankind could be reconciled with his characterization of those who did not share his belief.
		Hess maintained that the real cause of social distress was economic and to agitate for political reforms was therefore a waste of time.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/writers/hook/1934/12/hess-marx.htm (6517 words)

	Commentary Magazine - A Light Unto the Nations? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		...Moses Hess, troubled by the same problem, had blamed anti-Semitism on the German national character and found his solace in the higher national tolerance of the French...
		...Moses Hess, for example, could not accept religious election as the continuing source of Jewish morality because he no longer believed in a God of revelation, or in a God Who mattered...
		...To Hess, the history of the Jews proved that nations were not so easily dissoluble, and that the moral energy of their survival was a force for good, not evil...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V84I6P32-1.htm (4630 words)

	Hess - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hess Educational Organization, the largest private provider of English instruction in the Republic of China.
		Harry Hess, a geologist best known for his theories on sea floor spreading.
		Moses Heß (Moses Hess), Jewish philosopher and proto-Zionist
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hess (184 words)

	Commentary Magazine - "The Communist Rabbi": Moses Hess (Site not responding. Last check: )
		...FOR Hess, Feuerbach's overturning of Hegelianism was a landmark in the continuing liberation of mana process which could not stop with the creation of the autonomous individual, as Feuerbach seemed to suggest (and Stirner now proclaimed), but had to be extended to society as a whole...
		...In fact, though, Hess was regarded as their own less by Herzl and his close lieutenants than by the adherents of the form of socialist Zionism associated with Nahman Syrkin, who in 1901 established the Moses Hess society or, as it was known, Hessiana...
		...Hess was, in fact, taken up with a new interest during the 1850's-an interest in the natural sciencesbut there seems no reason whatever to believe that that interest had any connection with anti-Semitism...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V41I6P79-1.htm (3333 words)

	Zionism as Jewish National Socialism : LA IMC (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hess also wrote a contribution to The Communist Manifesto (1848) on the question of Religion as opium to the masses.
		Hess predicted both the foundation of the State of Israel and the Holocaust 80 -85 years in advance of these occurrences.
		Hess considered France to be the foremost ally of the Jews.
	la.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=114045 (3253 words)

	Moses Hess - Zionism and Israel - Biographies
		Moses Hess was born Moritz Hess in Bonn in 1812.
		However, Hess became reluctant to base all history on economic causes and class struggle, and he came to see the struggle of races, or nationalities, as the prime factor of past history.
		Hess contemplated the rise of Italian nationalism and the German reaction to it, and from this he arrived at the idea of Jewish national revival, and at his prescient understanding that the Germans would not be tolerant of the national aspirations of others and would be particularly intolerant of the Jews.
	www.zionism-israel.com /bio/biography_moses_hess.htm (701 words)

	l e a r n @ j t s Eykev 5759 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hess, an important theoretician of European socialism, had abandoned that cause when he found it to be no less infected with antisemitism than the forces of the conservative right.
		In the process, Hess celebrated the land-centered peoplehood of a homeless nation as nurtured by traditional Judaism.
		The first (ha-zan) was authored by Moses to voice thanksgiving for the manna in the wilderness.
	learn.jtsa.edu /topics/parashah/5759/ekev.shtml (930 words)

	Moses Hess - founder of Israeli National Socialism
		Hess had converted both Engels and Bakunin to communism, but his influence on Marx was a much slower process: in 1842-3, when Hess's proselytising was at its most active, Marx was no communist, and by the time Marx did become a communist, in Paris, Hess was only one among many new points of reference.
		Hess also cites as a reason for his advocacy of Jewish nationalism the increasingly racialist overtones of European, and particularly, German nationalism: in this he is one of the first to discern the catastrophis consequences of the failure of liberal nationalism in Germany in 1848.
		Hess contributed toward Marx's "Communist Manifesto" written in 1848 in particular the term "religion as the opium of the masses." Following the unification of Italy, the rise of nationalism in that country and the emergence of German antisemitism, Hess returned to his Jewish roots.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/avineri.html (12325 words)

	Hank Roth - Socialist-Zionist and problems on the left
		Moses Hess advocated love, humanity, justice and a concern for the poor and he was a "utopian" socialist, the same ideas that influenced many of the early pioneers to Israel.
		Moses Hess, however, wrote his Rome and Jerusalem in 1862, almost two decades before either Zionism or modern anti-Semitism appeared on the scene.
		Obviously, Bauer glossed over the fact that his own presentation of Jews as a race and a nation carried with it overtones of animosity and contempt, while that of Moses Hess was geared to a positive reevaluation of Jewish national abilities and the prospect of their revitalization.
	www.pnews.org /art/1art/MOSEShess.shtml (6888 words)

	Adventures in Philosophy: A Brief History of Jewish Philosophy
		Moses Hess (picture), who assumed the first name Moses instead of Moritz in order to show his adherence to Judaism, provoked the indignation of his relatives by marrying a prostitute in order to show his contempt of the existing moral standards.
		Because of his participation in the revolution of 1848, Hess was sentenced to death and on escaping had to wander through many countries of Europe before he found refuge in Paris.
		Although Hess recognized the importance of economic and social forces, he conceived socialism as a prevalently humanitarian ideal, dissenting from Marx who regarded it as the inevitable result of economic evolution.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphiljewish5.htm (2229 words)

	Moses Hess and the Problems of Idealist Dialectics by Georg Lukács 1926
		Hess could not possibly have been totally unaware of the problematic nature of his method – as is evidenced by the constant changes he made to his system and his frequent attempts to draw on Marx.
		That Hess was unable to advance beyond a moral condemnation of ‘egoism’ – even though he represents it as a necessary product of bourgeois society and draws constant parallels with that society’s (somewhat superficially conceived) economic foundations – proved fatal to his theoretical development.
		Hess is led to condemn this world of ‘alienation’ in moral terms and to oppose it with a utopian world of transcended ‘alienation’.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lukacs/works/1926/moses-hess.htm (14703 words)

	From Zionist Idea to Israeli State
		Moses Hess also perceived the return to Zion as a compliment to emancipation.
		Hess differed from Alkalai and Kalisher in his rejection of Zionism as a first stage in the messianic scheme.
		Berl Katznelson (1887-1944) all of whom are buried in the Kinneret cemetery on the banks of the Sea of Galilee.
	www.msu.edu /user/schopie1/portfolio/samples/mjal003_3.html (772 words)

	Rome and Jerusalem; The last national question - Moses Hess (& biography) Source document texts -
		Hess was fond of the bombastic and mystical "world historical" concepts popular in Germany in the nineteenth century.
		Hess has much more to say about Germany and Europe and "Worldhistorical" questions then about the actual mechanism of implementing the Jewish state, for which he quotes Rabbi Hirsch Kalischer, quite briefly near the end of the book.
		You argue, that if Moses and the Prophets had believed in a life beyond the grave, in the Christian sense, they would have stated the fact as explicitly as did the writers of the New Testament, and would not have limited reward and punishment to the life of this world alone.
	www.zionism-israel.com /hdoc/Moses_Hess_Rome_and_Jerusalem.htm (12150 words)

	OBSERVING THE OBSERVER - Useless Knowledge? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Moses Hess from Bonn invented Communism; that's why the Academy of Sciences in the GDR only published his writings on Zionism.
		Moses Hess from Bonn invented Zionism; that's why a professor of the University of Tel Aviv only published his writings on Communism.
		In Bonn Moses Hess converted the Hegelian Karl Marx of Trier to Communism and made him a sub-editor of the Rheinische Zeitung.
	homepage.mac.com /christophwk/iblog/B1375532474/C74991927/E461995128 (143 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - ZIONISM: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A like fate befell both the project of Sir Moses Montefiore, who in 1840 laid before Mohammed Ali a plan to colonize Jews in Palestine, and that of Lord Shaftesbury, associated with the Society for the Relief of Persecuted Jews.
		Gordon and Hess were its intellectual leaders, the first publishing in the year 1871 in his paper "Ha-Maggid" a number of articles on the colonization of Palestine as the basis for the future regeneration of Judaism.
		Hess wrote his "Rom und Jerusalem" in 1862, which book has remained one of the foundation works in Zionist literature; though a later edition of the work was burned by his family, in order to rid the world of this "scandal" ("Die Welt," ii., No. 9, p.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=132&letter=Z&search=Zionism (14605 words)

	The American Council For Judaism - Article Search (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This intellectual history usually begins with Moses Hess, author of Rome and Jerusalem (1862), a seminal work in Zionist literature, and Theodor Herzl, the founder of political Zionism, who envisaged a state in Palestine that would be an amalgam of the best of European culture.
		It is with the life and career of Moses Hess that the study of Zionist history usually begins.
		Hess was then living in Paris and moving in the circle of fellow German political emigres and socialists such as Ferdinand Lassalle.
	www.acjna.org /article_view.asp?article_id=86 (4207 words)

	Family History of Rex A.Hess
		Among the earliest immigrants were Joseph Hess to New York in 1709; Samuel Hess to America in 1731; John Hess to Pennsylvania in 1729; Abraham Hess in 1728; John Hess to New York City, in 1762; and Edward Hess in 1746.
		For example, one of the first communists in Europe was Moses Hess, who was also a German Jew that became one of the first Zionists to promote a homeland in Palestine.
		In the year I was born,1949, Walter R. Hess (1881-1973) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine with Egas Moniz for studies on how the brain controls organs.
	www.cvm.uiuc.edu /~rexhess/HessFamily/rexpages/history.html (817 words)

	Point magazine for Apr 1957 edited by Fr Leonard Feeney
		The book was written in Paris by a Jew named Moses Hess, who aimed it principally at the assimilationist Jews of his native Germany.
		Hess then proceeds to the positive means by which Catholic Rome could be defeated.
		By publicly venting those notions and emotions which his people had for centuries been forced to stifle in themselves, Moses Hess showed that the era of Jewish resurgence was at hand.
	www.fatherfeeney.org /point/57-apr.html (2001 words)

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